Icyorezo cy’inzangano

“Nta na rimwe abantu bajya bamenyerana n’abo banga.”​—BYAVUZWE NA JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL, AKABA ARI UMWANDITSI N’UMUHANGA MU BY’UBUBANYI N’AMAHANGA.

INZANGANO zisa n’aho zitugose impande zose muri iki gihe. Amazina amwe n’amwe, urugero nka Timor y’i Burasirazuba, Kosovo, Liberiya, Littleton ho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika na Sarajevo—kimwe n’abiyita Abanazi bavuguruwe, insoresore z’intagondwa z’abazungu zirangwa no kwimoza zitwa skinhead, hamwe n’abazungu batekereza ko basumba abirabura​—yacengeye mu bwenge bwacu, asigamo ishusho y’amatongo y’ibintu byahiye, ibyobo bishyashya byatabwemo abantu benshi, n’imirambo yandagaye.

Ibyiringiro byo kuzabona igihe kizaza kitarangwa n’inzangano, ubushyamirane n’urugomo byarayoyotse. Danielle Mitterand, umugore w’uwahoze ari perezida w’u Bufaransa, yavuze ibyo yibuka akiri umwana agira ati “abantu bari bafite ibyiringiro byo kuzabaho bafite umudendezo mu muryango wa kivandimwe bashoboraga kugirira icyizere; bifuzaga kuzabaho bafite amahoro yo mu mutima, babanye neza n’abandi; bari biringiye kuzabaho bafite ubuzima buzira umuze, bw’amahoro kandi bwiyubashye mu isi itajegajega kandi igira ubuntu yari kubitaho.” Byaje kugendekera bite ibyo byiringiro? Yagaragaje akababaro ke agira ati “hashize imyaka igera kuri 50 nyuma y’aho, twese twiboneye ko ibyiringiro byacu bisumbirijwe.”

Nta wapfa kwirengagiza ko muri iki gihe inzangano zongeye kubura. Zirogeye cyane, kandi zigenda zirushaho kugaragara mu buryo buteye ishozi. Igitekerezo abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bapfobya cyo kumva ko umuntu agomba kugira umutekano cyaburijwemo n’inkubi y’ibikorwa by’ubusazi bisunitswe n’inzangano, uko bigaragara buri gikorwa kikaba giteye ubwoba kurusha icyakibanjirije. Ndetse n’iyo nta nzangano zaba zirangwa mu rugo rwacu cyagwa mu gihugu cyacu, ziba zitwubikiriye ahandi hantu. Dushobora kuba tubona igihamya kizigaragaza kuri televiziyo mu makuru no mu bintu bigenda bibaho. Bimwe muri ibyo bihamya bisigaye bikwirakwizwa no kuri Internet. Nimucyo dusuzume ingero nke.

Mu myaka icumi ishize, ibyo gukunda igihugu by’agakabyo byariyongereye cyane kurusha mbere hose. Uwitwa Joseph S. Nye, Jr., akaba ari umuyobozi w’ikigo cyitwa Harvard Center for International Affairs, yagize ati “ibyo gukunda igihugu by’agakabyo biragenda birushaho gushinga imizi mu bihugu byinshi byo ku isi, aho kugabanya umurego. Aho kugira ngo habeho itsinda rimwe rihuje mu rwego rw’isi yose, hariho amatsinda menshi hirya no hino ku isi yita cyane ku itandukaniro riri hagati yayo. Ibyo bituma uburyo bwo gushyamirana bwiyongera.”

Ubundi buryo bw’inzangano burafifitse kurushaho, ugasanga bwihishe mu gihugu cyangwa mu karere runaka. Igihe ba skinhead batanu bicaga umusaza wo mu idini ry’Abasikh wo muri Kanada, icyo gikorwa “cyagaragaje icyo bamwe babona ko ari ibyaha biterwa n’inzangano zongeye kubura mu gihugu akenshi gishimirwa ko kirangwa n’ubworoherane mu by’amoko.” Mu Budage, nyuma y’aho ibitero by’intagondwa bigabanukiye mu buryo bugaragara mu myaka yabanje, byarazamutse byiyongera ho 27 ku ijana mu mwaka wa 1997. Minisitiri w’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu witwa Manfred Kanther yagize ati “ibyo ni ibintu bica intege.”

Raporo yaturutse mu majyaruguru ya Alubaniya yahishuye ko abana basaga 6.000 basa n’abahindutse imfungwa mu ngo z’iwabo kubera ko batinya ko abanzi b’imiryango yabo babarasa. Abo bana bagerwaho n’ingaruka z’umuco wo kwihorera, umuco “wavurunze imibereho y’imiryango ibarirwa mu bihumbi.” Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, dukurikije uko  ibiro bikora iperereza byitwa Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) bibivuga, “urwikekwe rushingiye ku moko ni rwo rwari nyirabayazana wa kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibyaha 7.755 by’urugomo rwatewe n’inzangano byakozwe mu mwaka wa 1998, byagejejwe ku biro bya Amerika bishinzwe iperereza byitwa FBI.” Zimwe mu mpamvu zasunikiye abantu gukora ibyaha babitewe n’inzangano zari zikubiyemo urwikekwe rushingiye ku madini, ku bwoko cyangwa ku gihugu no ku bumuga.

Byongeye kandi, buri munsi imitwe mikuru y’ingingo z’ibanze zo mu binyamakuru yerekeza ku cyorezo cyo gutinya abanyamahanga no kubanga, usanga cyibasira mbere na mbere impunzi ubu zibarirwa muri miriyoni zisaga 21. Ikibabaje ariko, ni uko abenshi mu bantu banga abanyamahanga ari abakiri bato basunikwa n’abanyapolitiki batagira icyo bitaho, hamwe n’abandi baba bashaka abo bagirira nabi. Ibimenyetso by’icyo cyorezo bidakunze kugaragara cyane bikubiyemo kuba abantu batagirira icyizere abo badahuje, ntibaborohere kandi bakabafata uko batari.

Ni izihe mpamvu zimwe na zimwe zituma habaho icyo cyorezo cy’inzangano? Kandi se, ni iki cyakorwa kugira ngo inzangano zivanweho? Igice gikurikira kiri busuzume ibyo bibazo.

 [Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 2 yavuye]

Cover, top: UN PHOTO 186705/​J. Isaac

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 3 yavuye]

Daud/Sipa Press