Mbese, ugomba kubyemera?

UMUNYESHURI w’imyaka 12 yari arimo arwana no gusobanukirwa amategeko y’ibanze agenga inganyagaciro. Mwarimu we yeretse abanyeshuri icyasaga n’aho ari imibare y’inganyagaciro ihita igusha ku ngingo.

Yatangiye agira ati “dufate ko x=y kandi ko zombi zifite agaciro kangana na 1.”

Uwo munyeshuri yaratekereje ati ‘kugeza aha birumvikana.’

Nyamara, nyuma y’imirongo ine y’ibyasaga n’aho ari imibare ihuje n’ubwenge, uwo mwarimu yatanze igisubizo gitangaje, agira ati “ku bw’ibyo, 2=1!”

Uwo mwarimu yategeye abanyeshuri be bari baguye mu rujijo ati “ngaho nimubinyomoze.”

Kubera ko uwo munyeshuri ukiri muto yari afite ubumenyi buciriritse mu by’inganyagaciro, ntiyashoboraga kubona uko yabinyomoza. Buri ntambwe yari yatewe mu mibare yasaga n’aho ikwiriye rwose pe. Ariko se, yagombaga kwemera ko uwo mwanzuro udasanzwe ari ukuri? N’ubundi kandi, mwarimu we yari yarazobereye mu mibare kumurusha. Birumvikana ko atagombaga kubyemera! Yaratekereje ati ‘si ngombwa ko nirirwa mbinyomoza. Ubwenge karemano bumbwira ko biriya ari ubucucu’ (Imigani 14:15, 18). Yari azi ko ari mwarimu we, ari n’undi wese mu bo bigana, nta n’umwe wari kuguha amadolari abiri ngo umuguranire umuhe rimwe!

Nyuma y’igihe runaka, wa munyeshuri wigaga inganyagaciro yaje kubona ko muri ya mibare hari harimo ikosa. Hagati aho, ibyo yabonye byamuhaye isomo ry’ingirakamaro. Ndetse n’iyo umuntu ufite ubumenyi buhanitse cyane yatanga igitekerezo yateguye neza abyitondeye kandi gisa n’aho kitavuguruzwa, umuntu ubyumva ntagomba kwemera umwanzuro ukocamye ngo ni uko gusa adashobora kuwunyomoza ako kanya. Mu by’ukuri, uwo munyeshuri yari arimo akurikiza ihame rya Bibiliya ry’ingirakamaro riboneka muri 1 Yohana 4:1​—ryo kudapfa kwihutira kwemera ikintu cyose wumvise, kabone n’iyo cyaba gisa n’aho giturutse ahantu hemewe.

Ibyo ariko ntibishaka kuvuga ko wagombye gutsimbarara ku bitekerezo usanganywe. Gufunga ubwenge bwawe kugira ngo butakira ibintu byashoboraga gukosora imitekerereze ikocamye ufite ni ikosa. Ariko nanone, ntugomba no ‘kunamuka vuba ngo uve mu bwenge,’ mu gihe umuntu wihandagaza avuga ko afite ubumenyi bwinshi cyangwa ubutware aguhatira kwemera ibintu (2 Abatesalonike 2:2). Birumvikana ko wa mwarimu yari arimo akinisha abanyeshuri be abajijisha gusa. Ariko kandi, hari igihe abantu baba batagamije kwikinira. Hari abantu bashobora kugira “ubwenge bwinshi n’uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyobya” mu rugero rukabije.​—Abefeso 4:14; 2 Timoteyo 2:14, 23, 24.

Mbese, buri gihe intiti ziba zivuga ukuri?

Uko intiti zaba zifite ubumenyi kose, mu bintu byinshi zishobora kugira ibitekerezo bivuguruzanya kandi bihindagurika. Reka dufate urugero rw’impaka zikomeje kugibwa muri siyansi y’ubuvuzi ku kintu cy’ibanze, urugero nk’impamvu zitera indwara. Umwarimu wigisha iby’ubuvuzi muri Kaminuza ya Harvard yagize ati “uruhare imico tuvukana muri kamere yacu hamwe n’ibintu bitugiraho ingaruka mu buzima byaba bigira mu ndwara, ni rwo ahanini impaka zikaze hagati y’abahanga mu bya siyansi zishingiyeho.” Abo mu gice cy’abashyigikiye ko ibintu byose biba ku bantu biterwa n’impamvu badashobora kugenga bemera bashimitse ko ingirabuzimafatizo zacu zigenga iby’iyororoka zigira uruhare rukomeye cyane mu gutuma dushobora kwibasirwa n’indwara zinyuranye. Ariko kandi, abandi barwanya icyo gitekerezo bavuga ko ibidukikije hamwe n’imibereho ari byo bintu by’ingenzi bitera abantu indwara. Abo ku mpande zombi usanga bihutira kuvuga ubushakashatsi runaka bwakozwe n’imibare igaragara kugira ngo bashyigikire igitekerezo cyabo. Nyamara kandi, impaka zirakomeza.

 Incuro nyinshi, abahanga mu byo gutekereza b’ibirangirire kurusha abandi bagiye bagaragazwa ko bibeshye, n’ubwo ibyo bigishaga mu gihe cyabo byasaga n’aho nta wushobora kubivuguruza. Umuhanga mu bya filozofiya witwa Bertrand Russell yerekeje kuri Aristote avuga ko ari “umuhanga mu bya filozofiya wagize ingaruka ku bantu benshi kurusha abahanga bose.” Ariko kandi, Russell nanone yagaragaje ko inyinshi mu nyigisho za Aristote zari “ibinyoma byambaye ubusa.” Yaranditse ati “mu bihe bya none byose, amajyambere hafi ya yose yagerwagaho mu rwego rwa siyansi, imitekerereze ihuje n’ubwenge cyangwa filozofiya, byagiye biba ngombwa ko agerwaho abanje kurwanywa n’abayoboke ba Aristote.”​—Byavuye mu gitabo cyitwa History of Western Philosophy.

“Ingirwabwenge”

Birashoboka ko Abakristo ba mbere bahuraga n’abantu benshi bari abigishwa b’abahanga mu bya filozofiya b’Abagiriki bakomeye, urugero nka Socrate, Platon na Aristote. Abantu bize bo muri icyo gihe bitekerezagaho ko basumba kure abenshi mu Bakristo mu birebana n’ubuhanga. Mu bigishwa ba Yesu, si benshi babonwaga ko ari “ab’ubwenge bw’abantu” (1 Abakorinto 1:26). Mu by’ukuri, abari barize za filozofiya zo muri icyo gihe batekerezaga ko ibyo Abakristo bizeraga byari “ubupfu” busa cyangwa “ubusazi.”​—1 Abakorinto 1:23; Phillips.

Iyo uza kuba uri umwe mu Bakristo ba mbere, mbese uba wararehejwe n’ibitekerezo byemeza by’intiti z’ibirangirire zo muri icyo gihe cyangwa ugaterwa ubwoba cyane n’ukuntu zarataga ubwenge (Abakolosayi 2:4)? Nta mpamvu yari gutuma bigenda bityo, dukurikije uko intumwa Pawulo yabivuze. Yibukije Abakristo ko Yehova abona ko “ubwenge bw’abanyabwenge, n’ubuhanga bw’abahanga” bo muri icyo gihe bwari ubupfu (1 Abakorinto 1:19). Yarabajije ati “ni iki umuhanga mu bya filozofiya, umwanditsi n’umunyampaka ujora wo muri iyi si bashobora kwerekana bakoresheje ubwenge bwabo?” (1 Abakorinto 1:20, Phillips). N’ubwo abahanga mu bya filozofiya, abanditsi n’abanyampaka bajora bo mu gihe cya Pawulo bari barigize abanyabwenge burengeranye, nta muti nyakuri w’ibibazo by’abantu bari barigeze batanga.

Bityo, Abakristo bitoje kwirinda icyo intumwa Pawulo yavuze ko cyari “ingirwabwenge” (1 Timoteyo 6:20). Impamvu yatumye Pawulo yita bene ubwo bwenge “ingirwabwenge,” ni uko bwari bubuze ikintu cy’ingenzi cyane​—kuba butarakomokaga ku Mana cyangwa ngo buyishingikirizeho, bikaba ari byo inyigisho zabo zashoboraga kugeragerezwaho (Yobu 28:12; Imigani 1:7). Kubera ko butari bufite icyo kintu, kandi bitewe n’uko bwari bwarahumishijwe n’umubeshyi kabuhariwe ari we Satani, abantu bizirikaga kuri ubwo bwenge ntibashoboraga na rimwe kuzigera babona ukuri.​—1 Abakorinto 2:6-8, 14; 3:18-20; 2 Abakorinto 4:4; 11:14; Ibyahishuwe 12:9.

Bibiliya​—Ubuyobozi bwahumetswe

Abakristo ba mbere ntibigeze na rimwe bashidikanya ko Imana yari yarahishuye ibyo ishaka, umugambi wayo n’amahame yayo mu Byanditswe (2 Timoteyo 3:16, 17). Ibyo byabarindaga ‘kunyagishwa ubwenge bw’abantu n’ibihendo by’ubusa, bikurikiza imihango y’abantu’ (Abakolosayi 2:8). No muri iki gihe ni ko bimeze. Mu buryo bunyuranye n’uko bimeze ku bitekerezo by’abantu by’urujijo kandi bivuguruzanya, Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe ritanga urufatiro rukomeye dushobora gushingiraho imyizerere yacu (Yohana 17:17; 1 Abatesalonike 2:13; 2 Petero 1:21). Tutayifite, twaba turi mu mimerere ituma tudashobora kugerageza kubaka ikintu gikomeye ku musenyi utumuka w’inyigisho z’abantu na filozofiya zabo.​—Matayo 7:24-27.

Umuntu ashobora kuvuga ati ‘itonde di. Mbese, si iby’ukuri ko ibihamya bya siyansi byagaragaje ko Bibiliya irimo amakosa kandi ku bw’ibyo ikaba idakwiriye kwiringirwa kurusha za filozofiya z’abantu zihindagurika?’ Urugero, Bertrand Russell yihandagaje avuga ko “Copernicus, Kepler na Galilée bagombye kurwanya Aristote hamwe na Bibiliya kugira ngo bemeze igitekerezo cy’uko isi atari yo iri hagati y’isanzure ry’ikirere.” (Ayo magambo ari mu nyuguti ziberamye ni twe twayanditse dutyo.) Kandi se dufashe urugero, si iby’ukuri ko muri iki gihe abashyigikiye iby’irema batsimbarara ku gitekerezo cy’uko Bibiliya yigisha ko isi yaremwe mu minsi irindwi y’amasaha 24, mu gihe ibihamya byose bigaragaza ko isi ubwayo imaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za miriyari iriho?

 Mu by’ukuri, Bibiliya ntivuga ko isi ari yo iri hagati y’isanzure ry’ikirere. Iyo yari inyigisho y’abayobozi ba kiliziya na bo ubwabo batakurikizaga Ijambo ry’Imana. Inkuru yo mu Itangiriro ivuga iby’irema, yumvikanisha ko isi ishobora kuba imaze iyo myaka ibarirwa muri za miriyari iriho, kandi ntivuga ko buri munsi w’irema ungana n’amasaha 24 byanze bikunze (Itangiriro 1:1, 5, 8, 13, 19, 23, 31; 2:3, 4). Gusuzuma Bibiliya nta kubogama bigaragaza ko n’ubwo atari igitabo cya siyansi, atari “ubusazi rwose.” Mu by’ukuri, ihuza mu buryo bwuzuye n’ibyo siyansi yemewe ivuga. *

“Ubushobozi bwo gutekereza”

N’ubwo benshi mu bigishwa ba Yesu bari abagabo n’abagore basanzwe, bikaba bishoboka ko bari bafite amashuri aciriritse, bari bafite indi mpano bahawe n’Imana. Uko imimerere bari barakomotsemo yari iri kose, bose bari barahawe ubushobozi bwo gutekereza no kwiyumvisha ibintu. Intumwa Pawulo yateye bagenzi bayo b’Abakristo inkunga yo gukoresha “ubushobozi [bwabo] bwo gutekereza” (NW ) mu buryo bwuzuye kugira ngo ‘bamenye neza ibyo Imana ishaka, ni byo byiza bishimwa kandi bitunganye.’​—Abaroma 12:1, 2.

Abakristo ba mbere bifashishije “ubushobozi bwo gutekereza” (NW ) bahawe n’Imana, maze babona neza ko filozofiya iyo ari yo yose cyangwa inyigisho zitari zihuje n’Ijambo ry’Imana ryahishuwe nta mumaro zari zifite. Mu by’ukuri, rimwe na rimwe abahanga bo mu gihe cyabo babaga barimo “batsembaho ukuri” (NW ) kandi bakirengagiza ibihamya byari bibakikije bibemeza ko Imana iriho. Intumwa Pawulo yaranditse iti “bīyise abanyabwenge bahinduka abapfu.” Kubera ko banze ukuri kw’ibyerekeye Imana n’umugambi wayo, ‘bahindutse abibwira ibitagira umumaro, maze imitima yabo y’ibirimarima icura umwijima.’​—Abaroma 1:18-22; Yeremiya 8:8, 9.

Akenshi usanga abantu biyemeza ko ari abanyabwenge bavuga bati “nta Mana ibaho,” cyangwa ngo “Bibiliya ntigomba kwiringirwa” cyangwa se ngo “ntituri mu ‘minsi y’imperuka.’ ” Bene ibyo bitekerezo rwose ni ubupfu mu maso y’Imana kimwe no kuvuga ko “2=1” (1 Abakorinto 3:19). Uko ubutware abantu baba biha bwaba buri kose, ntugomba kwemera imyanzuro yabo niba ivuguruza Imana, ikirengagiza Ijambo ryayo, kandi ikaba idahuje n’ubwenge karemano. Hanyuma, imyifatire ihuje n’ubwenge tugomba kugira, ni uko buri gihe ‘Imana twayibona ko ari inyangamugayo, n’ubwo umuntu wese yaba umubeshyi.’​—Abaroma 3:4.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 31]

Mu buryo bunyuranye n’uko bimeze ku bitekerezo bihindagurika by’abantu, Bibiliya itanga urufatiro rukomeye twashingiraho imyizerere

[Aho amafoto yavuye]

Ibumoso, Epicure: Ifoto yafashwe uruhusa rutanzwe na British Museum; haruguru ahagana hagati, Platon: National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece; iburyo, Socrate: Roma, Musei Capitolini