“Namwe abe ari ko mwiruka”

TEKEREZA uri muri sitade iberamo imikino yuzuye abantu basazwe n’ibyishimo. Abakinnyi b’imikino ngororangingo baratambuka bajya mu kibuga. Imbaga y’abantu irasakuza cyane igihe ibonye ibirangirire byayo bihingutse. Abasifuzi babukereye kugira ngo bubahirishe amategeko. Mu gihe ibyo bintu birimo biba, urumva abiyamirira ko batsinze ukumva n’abarizwa n’akababaro. Abashyitsi bakirijwe amashyi y’urufaya!

Nta bwo urimo ureba imikino yo muri iki gihe, ahubwo urimo urareba imikino yabereye mu Bunigo bwa Korinto, ubu hashize imyaka igera ku 2.000. Aho ngaho, buri gihe nyuma y’imyaka ibiri kuva mu kinyejana cya gatandatu M.I.C. kugeza mu kinyejana cya kane I.C., haberaga imikino ihambaye. Iryo rushanwa ryahuruzaga u Bugiriki bwose mu gihe cy’iminsi myinshi. Iyo mikino yari irenze ibyo kuba amarushanwa ngororangingo gusa. Abakinnyi b’imikino ngororangingo bagereranyaga ingabo ziteguye. Abatsindaga mu mikino​—bashimagizwaga nk’intwari​—bagahabwa amakamba akozwe mu bibabi by’ibiti. Bahundagazwagaho impano, kandi umujyi wabahaga amafaranga menshi azabatunga kugeza igihe bazapfira.

Intumwa Pawulo yari izi neza iby’iyo Mikino yaberaga hafi y’i Korinto, kandi yagereranyije imibereho y’Umukristo n’irushanwa ry’umukinnyi w’imikino ngororangingo. Mu kwerekeza ku bantu biruka mu isiganwa, abakirana n’abateramakofe, yagaragaje neza ukuntu kwitoza neza, imihati ikwiriye no kwihangana bihesha ingororano. Birumvikana ko Abakristo yandikiraga na bo bari bazi iby’iyo mikino. Nta gushidikanya ko hari bamwe bari barigeze kuba mu mbaga y’abantu basakuzaga muri iyo sitade. Bityo bakaba bari guhita basobanukirwa neza ingero za Pawulo. Bite se kuri twebwe muri iki gihe? Natwe turi mu isiganwa​—isiganwa ry’ubuzima bw’iteka. Ni gute dushobora kungukirwa n’ukuntu Pawulo yerekeza kuri ayo marushanwa?

‘Turushanwe nk’Uko Bitegetswe’

Ibyasabwaga kugira ngo umuntu yinjire mu mikino ya kera byari bikomeye cyane. Hari integuza yajyanaga buri mukinnyi wese ikamwereka ababaga biteguye kureba ibirori maze ikarangurura ijwi iti ‘mbese, hari umuntu uwo ari we wese ushobora gushinja uyu mugabo icyaha icyo ari cyo cyose? Mbese, ni umwambuzi cyangwa umugome, kandi se agira imibereho n’imyifatire y’akahebwe?’ Dukurikije uko igitabo cyitwa Archaeologia Graeca kibivuga, “nta muntu wari kuba ari umugizi wa nabi ruharwa, cyangwa ufite imyifatire [ijya] kumera nk’iyo wemererwaga kurushanwa.” Nanone kandi, ababaga barenze ku mategeko yagengaga imikino, bahanishwaga igihano kiremereye binyuriye mu kubirukana mu isiganwa.

Ibyo bidufasha gusobanukirwa amagambo yavuzwe na Pawulo, amagambo agira ati “iyo umuntu  ashatse kurushanwa mu bikino, ntahabwa ikamba, keretse arushanijwe nk’uko bitegetswe” (2 Timoteyo 2:5). Mu buryo nk’ubwo, kugira ngo twiruke mu isiganwa ry’ubuzima, tugomba kubahiriza ibyo dusabwa na Yehova, tugakurikiza amahame ye mbwirizamuco yo mu rwego rwo hejuru nk’uko agaragazwa muri Bibiliya. Icyakora, Bibiliya iduha umuburo ugira uti ‘gutekereza kw’imitima y’abantu ni kubi, uhereye mu bwana bwabo’ (Itangiriro 8:21). Ku bw’ibyo, n’ubwo twaba twaramaze kwinjira mu isiganwa, tugomba kwitonda tugakomeza kurushanwa mu buryo buhuje n’amategeko kugira ngo dukomeze kwemerwa na Yehova, bityo tuzabone ubuzima bw’iteka.

Ubufasha bukomeye cyane bwatuma tubigeraho ni urukundo dukunda Imana (Mariko 12:29-31). Bene urwo rukundo ruzatuma twifuza gushimisha Yehova no gukora ibihuje n’ibyo ashaka.​—1 Yohana 5:3.

“Twiyambure Ibituremerera Byose”

Mu mikino ya kera, abirukaga ntibabaga baremerewe n’imyambaro cyangwa ibindi bintu. Igitabo cyitwa The Life of the Greeks and Romans kigira kiti “mu isiganwa ryo kwiruka, . . . abarushanwaga bazaga bambaye ubusa rwose.” Kwambara ubusa byatumaga bashabuka, bagatambuka batiremereye, kandi bakanyaruka. Nta mbaraga bapfushaga ubusa bitewe no kwishyiraho imitwaro itari ngombwa. Birashoboka ko Pawulo yazirikanaga ibyo ubwo yandikiraga Abakristo b’Abaheburayo ati ‘nuko natwe, twiyambure ibituremerera byose, dusiganirwe aho dutegekwa twihanganye.’​—Abaheburayo 12:1.

Ni ibihe bintu biremereye bishobora kudukumira mu isiganwa ry’ubuzima? Kimwe muri ibyo cyaba ari icyifuzo cyo kwigwizaho ibintu by’umubiri bitari ngombwa cyangwa kugira imibereho ihenze cyane. Bamwe bashobora gushakira umutekano mu butunzi, cyangwa bakabona ko ari bwo soko y’ibyishimo. Bene ibyo bintu ‘biremereye’ bitari ngombwa bishobora gutuma umuntu wiruka acogora ku buryo amaherezo Imana ishobora mu by’ukuri gusa nk’aho nta cyo imubwiye (Luka 12:16-21). Ubuzima bw’iteka bushobora kugera ubwo busigara bumeze nk’ibyiringiro biri kure cyane. Umuntu ashobora kwibwira ati ‘umunsi umwe isi nshya izaza, ariko hagati aho, dushobora no kuvana inyungu mu byo iyi si ishobora gutanga’ (1 Timoteyo 6:17-19). Ubwo buryo bwo kurarikira ubutunzi bushobora mu buryo bworoshye gutuma umuntu ava mu isiganwa ry’ubuzima cyangwa se bukamubuza kuritangira.

Mu Kibwiriza cye cyo ku Musozi, Yesu yaravuze ati “ntawe u[k]eza abami babiri; kuko yakwanga umwe agakunda undi, cyangwa yaguma kuri umwe agasuzugura undi. Ntimubasha gukorera Imana n’ubutunzi.” Hanyuma, amaze kuvuga ukuntu Yehova yita ku byo inyamaswa n’ibimera bikeneye, amaze no kuvuga ko abantu barusha ibyo byose agaciro, yatanze inama agira ati “nuko ntimukiganyire mugira ngo ‘tuzarya iki?,’ cyangwa ngo ‘tuzanywa iki?,’ cyangwa ngo ‘tuzambara iki?’ kuko ibyo byose abapagani babishaka: kandi So wo mu ijuru azi ko mubikwiriye byose. Ahubwo mubanze mushake ubwami bw’Imana no gukiranuka kwayo, ni bwo ibyo byose muzabyongerwa.”​—Matayo 6:24-33.

‘Dusiganwe Twihanganye’

Amasiganwa yo kwiruka ya kera si ko yose yabaga akubiyemo kuvuduka ahantu hagufi. Mu isiganwa rimwe, ryitwaga doʹli·khos, birukaga ibirometero 4. Iryo ryari irushanwa risaba imbaraga no kwihangana mu buryo bukomeye cyane. Dukurikije uko inkuru za rubanda zibivuga, mu mwaka wa 328 M.I.C., hari umukinnyi witwaga Ageas wamaze gutsinda muri iryo siganwa, wafashe inzira ajya mu mujyi w’iwabo witwa Argos yiruka, agiye gutangaza inkuru yo gutsinda kwe. Uwo munsi, ugereranyije yirutse ibirometero bigera hafi ku 110!

 Isiganwa ry’Umukristo na ryo ni isiganwa twirukamo ahantu harehare rigerageza ukwihangana kwacu. Kwihangana turi muri iryo siganwa kugeza ku mperuka ni byo bisabwa kugira ngo twemerwe na Yehova kandi duhabwe ingororano y’ubuzima bw’iteka. Pawulo yirutse atyo muri iryo siganwa. Ahagana ku iherezo ry’ubuzima bwe, yashoboye kuvuga ati “narwanye intambara nziza, narangije urugendo, narinze ibyo kwizera. Ibisigaye mbikiwe ikamba ryo gukiranuka” (2 Timoteyo 4:7, 8). Kimwe na Pawulo, tugomba kwiruka ‘tukarangiza urugendo.’ Niba dutangiye gucogora mu kwihangana kwacu ngo ni uko gusa isiganwa risa n’aho ribaye rirerire kuruta uko twari tubyiteze tugitangira, nta ngororano tuzahabwa (Abaheburayo 11:6). Mbega ukuntu ibyo byaba bibabaje, dore ko turi hafi cyane yo kugera ku murongo wa nyuma!

Ingororano

Abatsindaga mu marushanwa yo mu mikino ngororangingo yo mu Bugiriki bwa kera bahabwaga ikamba, ubusanzwe ryabaga rikozwe mu bibabi by’ibiti kandi ritatswe n’indabo. Mu Mikino yaberaga mu karere ka Delphi, abatsindaga bahabwaga ikamba ryabaga rikozwe mu giti cy’umworeni. Mu Mikino Olempiki, bahabwaga amakamba yabaga akozwe mu bibabi by’igiti cya elayo cyo mu gasozi, naho mu Mikino yaberaga i Korinto, bahabwaga amakamba yabaga akozwe mu giti cya pinusi. Intiti imwe mu bya Bibiliya yagize iti “mu gihe cy’irushanwa, amakamba, ingororano zihabwa abatsinze n’amashami y’imikindo, byashyirwaga ku gatebe k’amaguru atatu cyangwa ku meza yabaga ari muri sitade aho abarushanwa babaga bareba neza kugira ngo barusheho gushishikarizwa kugira ishyaka.” Ku wabaga yatsinze, kwambara ikamba byamuheshaga icyubahiro gikomeye. Igihe yabaga asubira imuhira, yagenderaga mu igare akanyura mu mujyi agaragaza ko yatsinze.

Mu kuzirikana ibyo, Pawulo yabajije abasomyi be b’Abakorinto ati “ntimuzi yuko mu birori abasiganwa biruka bose, ariko ugororerwa akaba umwe? Namwe abe ari ko mwiruka, kugira ngo mugororerwe. . . . [A]bandi bagenzereza batyo, kugira ngo bahabwe ikamba ryangirika, naho twebwe tugenzereza dutyo, kugira ngo duhabwe iritangirika” (1 Abakorinto 9:24, 25; 1 Petero 1:3, 4). Mbega itandukaniro! Mu buryo bunyuranye n’uko byari bimeze ku makamba yangirika yatangwaga mu mikino ya kera, ingororano izahabwa abiruka mu isiganwa ry’ubuzima igihe bazaba barirangije, ntizigera yangirika.

Intumwa Petero yerekeje kuri iryo kamba rirushaho kuba ryiza, maze yandika igira iti “umutahiza naboneka, muzahabwa ikamba ry’ubugingo ritangirika” (1 Petero 5:4). Mbese, haba hari ingororano iyo ari yo yose itangwa n’isi yagereranywa no kudapfa, ingororano yo kuzagira ubuzima butangirika bazahabwa mu ikuzo ryo mu ijuru bari kumwe na Kristo?

Muri iki gihe, umubare munini w’Abakristo basiganwa ntibasizwe n’Imana kugira ngo babe abana bayo bo mu buryo bw’umwuka, kandi ntibafite ibyiringiro byo kuzajya mu ijuru. Ku bw’ibyo, ntibasiganirwa kuzahabwa ingororano y’ukudapfa. Icyakora, na bo Imana ibateganyirije ingororano itagereranywa. Ni ubuzima bw’iteka mu butungane muri paradizo ku isi izaba iyobowe n’Ubwami bw’ijuru. Ingororano iyo ari yo yose Umukristo yaba asiganirwa, yagombye kwiruka afite ukwiyemeza gukomeye cyane n’ishyaka kuruta undi muntu wese waba wiruka mu isiganwa ry’imikino ngororangingo. Kubera iki? Ni ukubera ko ingororano itazigera yangirika. Intumwa Yohana ibivuga mu magambo agira ati “iri ni ryo sezerano yadusezeranije: ni ubugingo buhoraho.”​—1 Yohana 2:25.

Mu gihe Umukristo wiruka ahishiwe iyo ngororano itagereranywa, ni gute yagombye kubona ibihereranye n’ibishuko by’iyi si? Yagombye kubibona nk’uko Pawulo yabibonaga, we wagize ati “ibintu byose mbitekereza ko ari igihombo ku bw’ubutunzi butagira akagero, ni bwo kumenya Kristo Yesu. Ku bw’uwo nahombye ibyanjye byose,  ndetse mbitekereza ko ari amase.” Mu buryo buhuje n’ibyo, mbega ukuntu Pawulo yirukaga yivuye inyuma! “Bene Data, sinibwira yuko maze kugifata, ariko kimwe cyo, nibagirwa ibiri inyuma, ngasingira ibiri imbere, ndamaranira kugera aho dutanguranwa, ngo mpabwe ingororano” (Abafilipi 3:8, 13, 14). Pawulo yirukaga ahanze amaso ku ngororano. Natwe ni uko twagombye kubigenza.

Uwaduhaye Urugero Ruhebuje

Mu mikino ya kera, abatsindaga bogezwaga na benshi. Abasizi bagiye bandika ibiberekeyeho, n’abanyabukorikori bagakora amashusho yabo. Umuhanga mu by’amateka witwaga Vera Olivová yavuze ko “bahundagazwagaho ikuzo kandi bagakundwa n’abantu benshi.” Nanone kandi, baberaga ibyitegererezo abakiri bato bifuzaga kuzatsinda.

“Uwatsinze” wasigiye Abakristo urugero ruhebuje ni nde? Pawulo asubiza agira ati “dusiganirwe aho dutegekwa twihanganye, dutumbira Yesu wenyine, ni we Banze ryo kwizera kandi ni we ugusohoza rwose; yihanganiye . . . [“igiti cy’umubabaro,” NW ] ku bw’ibyishimo byamushyizwe imbere, ntiyita ku isoni za[cyo], yicara iburyo bw’intebe y’Imana” (Abaheburayo 12:1, 2). Ni koko, kugira ngo tuzatsinde isiganwa ryacu ry’ubuzima bw’iteka, tugomba gutumbira uwatubereye Icyitegererezo, ari we Yesu Kristo. Ibyo dushobora kubigeraho binyuriye mu gusoma inkuru zo mu Mavanjiri no gutekereza ku buryo dushobora kumwigana. Bene uko kwiyigisha kuzatuma tumenya ko Yesu Kristo yumviraga Imana kandi ko yagaragaje agaciro k’ukwizera kwe binyuriye mu kwihangana. Ingororano yahawe ku bwo kwihangana kwe, ni uko yemewe na Yehova Imana ndetse akanagira igikundiro gihebuje mu bintu byinshi.​—Abafilipi 2:9-11.

Birumvikana ko umuco wa Yesu w’ingenzi cyane kuruta iyindi ari urukundo rwe. “Nta wufite urukundo ruruta urw’umuntu upfira incuti ze” (Yohana 15:13). Yatumye ijambo “urukundo” rirushaho kugira ibisobanuro byimbitse binyuriye mu kutubwira ko tugomba gukunda n’abanzi bacu (Matayo 5:43-48). Kubera ko Yesu yakundaga Se wo mu ijuru, yaboneraga ibyishimo mu gukora ibyo Se ashaka. (Zaburi 40:10, 11, umurongo wa 9 n’uwa 10 muri Biblia Yera; Imigani 27:11.) Nidutumbira Yesu, we watubereye Icyitegererezo kandi tukemera ko atugenera umuvuduko tugomba kugenderaho mu isiganwa riruhije cyane ry’ubuzima, na byo bizadusunikira gukunda Imana na bagenzi bacu no kubonera ibyishimo nyakuri mu murimo wera dukora (Matayo 22:37-39; Yohana 13:34; 1 Petero 2:21). Komeza kuzirikana ko Yesu atadusaba ibidashoboka. Atwizeza agira ati “ndi umugwaneza kandi noroheje mu mutima; namwe muzabona uburuhukiro mu mitima yanyu: kuko kunkorera kutaruhije, n’umutwaro wanjye utaremereye.”​—Matayo 11:28-30.

Kimwe na Yesu, tugomba guhanga amaso ku ngororano ihishiwe abantu bose bihangana kugeza ku mperuka (Matayo 24:13). Niturushanwa nk’uko bitegetswe, tukiyambura ibituremerera byose, kandi tugasiganwa twihanganye, dushobora kwiringira tudashidikanya ko tuzatsinda. Intego turangaje imbere ni yo iturehereza gukomeza kujya mbere! Itwongerera imbaraga bitewe n’ibyishimo ituma tugira, ibyishimo bituma inzira turangaje imbere irushaho kutworohera.

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Isiganwa ry’Umukristo ni isiganwa yirukamo ahantu harehare​—risaba kwihangana

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Mu buryo bunyuranye n’uko bimeze ku bakinnyi b’imikino ngororangingo bahabwaga amakamba, Abakristo bashobora gutegerezanya amatsiko ingororano itangirika bazahabwa

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Ingororano iteganyirijwe abantu bose bihangana kugeza ku mperuka

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Copyright British Museum