Amahame remezo yarahindutse n’icyizere kirakendera

Mu minsi y’Umwami Henry wa I w’u Bwongereza (1100-1135) iyadi imwe yabonwaga ko yareshyaga “n’intera yo kuva ku zuru ry’Umwami kugera ku gikumwe cy’ukuboko kwe kurambuye.” Udukoni tureshya n’iyadi twakoreshwaga mu baturage b’Umwami Henry twari duhuje n’ukuri mu rugero rungana iki? Kwibonanira n’umwami bisa n’aho ari bwo buryo bwonyine bwariho bwo kubona ibipimo byuzuye neza.

MURI iki gihe, ibipimo byarasobanuwe mu buryo bw’ukuri kurushaho bifashishije amahame remezo bashyizeho. Bityo, metero imwe ireshya n’ahantu urumuri rwambukiranya ikirere cyambaye ubusa mu isogonda imwe kugabanya 299.792.458. Kugira ngo bagere urugero nyarwo, urwo rumuri ruba ari urumuri rudahinduka kandi rutangwa n’isoko y’urumuri yihariye. Iyo bafite ibyuma bitanga iryo hame remezo ry’igipimo fatizo, abantu aho bari hose bashobora kugenzura ko ingero zabo z’uburebure zihuye n’iz’abandi bose.

Guhindura amahame remezo mu bipimo, n’ubwo yaba ahinduweho akantu gato cyane, bishobora gutera abantu gushidikanya, kandi hashyirwaho imihati ikomeye kugira ngo amahame remezo y’ibipimo arindwe. Urugero, mu Bwongereza ihame remezo bapimiraho ingero z’uburemere ni ingere y’icyuma cy’imvange ya platine na iridium ipima ikilo kimwe. Iyo ngere ibitswe mu nzu y’ubushakashatsi yitwa National Physical Laboratory. Guhumana kw’ikirere guterwa n’imodoka n’indege zinyura hejuru y’iyo nzu, bituma kilogarama y’ifatizo igenda yiyongeraho uburemere buri munsi. Icyakora, iyo ngere y’icyuma cyangwa umwiburungushure, ni ikopi y’ihame remezo isi yose igenderaho mu bipimo ibitswe munsi y’imitemeri itatu iri mu nzu yo munsi y’ubutaka muri Bureau international des poids et mesures i Sèvres, ho mu Bufaransa. Ariko kandi, n’uburemere bw’icyo gipimo bugenda buhindagurika biturutse ku tuntu duto cyane tugenda tucyanduza. Kugeza ubu, abahanga mu by’ingero z’ibipimo ntibarabona ihame remezo ry’igipimo fatizo kidakuka.

N’ubwo ihinduka rito cyane risa n’aho ari nta cyo ritwaye ku muntu usanzwe, ihame remezo ry’igipimo fatizo rihindutse burundu bishobora guteza urujijo. Mu Bwongereza, igihe bahinduraga ingero z’uburemere zakoreshwaga mu bwami bwabo (pounds na ounces) bagakoresha ingero dusanzwe tuzi (nka kilogarama n’amagarama) byatumye abantu batakaza icyizere mu buryo bukomeye—kandi ibyo byari bifite ishingiro. Kubera ko muri rusange abantu bari bataramenyera ubwo buryo bushya bwo gupima, abacuruzi b’ibisambo babyuririyeho kugira ngo bibe abakiriya babo.

Amahame y’Umuryango n’Amahame Mbwirizamuco

Bite se ku birebana n’ihinduka ry’amahame y’umuryango n’amahame mbwirizamuco? Ingaruka z’iryo hinduka zishobora konona kurushaho. Amakuru yo muri iki gihe avuga ibyo gusenyuka k’umuryango, ingeso y’uburaya n’ibikorwa byogeye byo kugirira abana ibya mfura mbi, bibabaza abantu benshi kandi bikagaragaza ko turi mu gihe amahame remezo agenda ahenebera. Ibibazo abayobozi bo mu karere bahangana na byo by’imiryango iyoborwa n’umubyeyi umwe, abana barerwa n’ “ababyeyi” bahuje igitsina hamwe n’utwana dufatwa ku ngufu mu buryo buteye ubwoba, byose ni ingaruka z’uko abantu bateye umugongo amahame yari asanzwe yemewe. Nk’uko Bibiliya yari yarabihanuye, ubu hakaba hashize imyaka igera ku  bihumbi bibiri, abantu benshi kurushaho bagenda bahinduka abantu “bikunda, . . . badakunda n’ababo, . . . badakunda ibyiza, . . . bakunda ibibanezeza aho gukunda Imana.”—2 Timoteyo 3:1-4.

Guhenebera kw’amahame mbwirizamuco bigendana no guhemukira abandi mu buryo burangwa no kutishyira mu mwanya wabo. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, kuba abantu barataye amahame yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yagengaga umwuga w’abaganga byagaragariye i Hyde, akaba ari umujyi uri mu majyaruguru y’u Bwongereza, aho abaturage baho babwiraga amabanga yabo abaganga “bubahaga kandi bakabiringira,” bavuraga imiryango yabo. Ariko baje kubahemukira mu buryo bubabaje bituma babatakariza icyizere. Mu buhe buryo? Raporo zo mu bucamanza zagaragaje ko mu by’ukuri hari umuganga wishe nibura abantu 15 mu barwayi be b’igitsina gore. Koko rero, byabaye ngombwa ko abapolisi bongera gusuzuma iby’abandi bantu basaga 130 baguye mu maboko y’uwo muganga. Ukuntu yari yarahemukiye abantu bakamutakariza icyizere byatsindagirijwe igihe uwo muganga yahamwaga n’icyaha agakatirwa igifungo. Abakozi babiri ba gereza bari bafite ba nyina bashobora kuba barishwe n’uwo muganga, bahawe indi mirimo kugira ngo batazagira aho bahurira n’iyo mfungwa y’umugome ruharwa. Ntibitangaje rero kuba inkuru y’urwo rubanza yasohotse mu kinyamakuru cyitwa The Daily Telegraph yarerekeje kuri uwo muganga wahamwe n’icyaha imwita “dogiteri ‘Diyabule.’ ”

Uroye ukuntu amahame agenda ahenebera mu bice byinshi by’ubuzima, ni nde wakwiringira ufite icyizere ko atazaguhemukira? Ni hehe ushobora kubona amahame adahindagurika, ashyigikiwe n’ubutware bufite imbaraga zo kuyakomeza? Igice gikurikira gisubiza ibyo bibazo.