Abasikuti abantu badasanzwe babayeho mu gihe cyahise

ABAGENDERA ku mafarashi bo mu ishyanga ry’abantu bahora bimuka, baje bari ku mafarashi yabo ivumbi ari ryose, imifuka yo ku mafarashi yabo yuzuye iminyago. Abo bantu badasanzwe bigaruriye akarere kose ko ku mugabane w’u Burayi na Aziya uhereye mu mwaka wa 700 kugeza mu wa 300 M.I.C. Hanyuma bagize batya barazimira​—ariko bakaba barasize inkuru itazibagirana mu mateka. Ndetse abo bantu bavugwa no muri Bibiliya. Bari ubwoko bw’Abasikuti.

Mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi, abantu bahora bimuka hamwe n’imikumbi yabo y’amafarashi yo mu gasozi bagiye bazerera mu nzuri zo mu karere k’Imisozi ya Carpates iri mu burasirazuba bw’u Burayi, baza kugera no mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bw’u Burusiya bw’ubu. Mu kinyejana cya munani M.I.C., igitero cyagabwe n’Umwami w’abami w’u Bushinwa Hsüan, cyatumye abantu benshi bimuka bagana mu burengerazuba. Abasikuti bimutse berekeza mu burengerazuba barwana n’aba Cimmériens bategekaga akarere ka Caucase n’akarere ko mu majyaruguru y’Inyanja Yirabura.

Mu gushakisha ubutunzi, Abasikuti basahuye umurwa mukuru w’Abashuri, ari wo Nineve. Nyuma y’aho, baje kwiyunga na Ashuri kugira ngo barwanye u Bumedi, Babuloni n’andi mahanga. Ibitero byabo byageze no mu majyaruguru ya Misiri. Kuba umujyi wa Betishani wo mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bwa Isirayeli, nyuma y’aho waraje kwitwa Scythopolis, bishobora kuba bigaragaza ko hari igihe Abasikuti bigeze kuwigarurira.​—1 Samweli 31:11, 12.

Amaherezo, Abasikuti batuye mu mirambi yo mu bihugu ubu byitwa Rumaniya, Moldavie, Ukraine, no mu majyepfo y’u Burusiya. Bahageze, babaye abakungu bakora ubucuruzi hagati y’Abagiriki n’abahinzi b’ibinyampeke bo mu gihugu ubu cyitwa Ukraine n’amajyepfo y’u Burusiya. Abasikuti bagurishaga ibinyampeke, ubuki, ubwoya bw’intama n’inka, bakabigurana divayi, imyenda n’intwaro hamwe n’ibintu byiza by’ubugeni byaturukaga mu Bugiriki.  Muri ubwo buryo, birundanyirije ubutunzi buhambaye.

Bari Ibitangaza mu Kugendera ku Mafarashi

Kuri abo barwanyi bo mu bihugu by’imirambi, ifarashi yari ifite agaciro nk’ako ingamiya yari ifite ku bantu bo mu butayu. Abasikuti bari abahanga mu kugendera ku mafarashi, kandi bari mu ba mbere batangiye gukoresha intebe yo ku ifarashi hamwe n’umukandara umuntu yuririraho cyangwa agafashamo ibirenge. Baryaga inyama z’amafarashi kandi bakanywa amata yazo. Mu by’ukuri, bakoreshaga amafarashi mu bitambo byoswa. Iyo umurwanyi w’Umusikuti yapfaga, ifarashi yagenderagaho na yo yaricwaga igahambwa mu cyubahiro​—hamwe n’ibyabaga biyiriho byose n’imitako yayo yose.

Nk’uko umuhanga mu by’amateka witwa Hérodote yabivuze, Abasikuti bari bafite imigenzo y’ubugome bubi cyane, yari ikubiyemo kunywesha amagufa y’uduhanga tw’abantu babaga bishe. Iyo birohaga ku babisha babo, barabarimarimaga bakoresheje inkota, udushoka, amacumu n’imyambi y’ingobe yatanyaguzaga umubiri.

Bateguraga Ibituro Batekereza ko Bibaho Iteka

Abasikuti bakoraga ibikorwa by’ubupfumu, bakambaza abazimu kandi bagasenga umuriro n’imanakazi y’uburumbuke (Gutegeka 18:10-12). Babonaga ko igituro ari ahantu uwapfuye ajya gutura. Hatambwaga abagaragu n’amatungo kugira ngo shebuja wapfuye ajye abikoresha. Ibintu by’agaciro hamwe n’abagaragu bo mu rugo, byitwaga ko ngo byaherekezaga ba shebuja mu “yindi si.” Mu gituro kimwe bahambyemo umwami, bahasanze abagaragu batanu baryamye ibirenge byabo byerekeye shebuja, biteguye guhaguruka ngo basubire ku mirimo yabo.

Mu gihe Abategetsi bahambwaga, bahabwaga impano nyinshi, kandi mu gihe cyo kubiraburira, Abasikuti bivushaga amaraso kandi bakogosha umusatsi. Hérodote yaranditse ati “bacaga igice cy’amatwi yabo, bakogosha umusatsi, bakica ibisebe ku maboko, bakishwaratura mu maso no ku mazuru, kandi bakitobora ibiganza by’ibumoso bakoresheje imyambi.” Mu buryo bunyuranye n’ubwo, Itegeko Imana yahaye Abisirayeli babayeho mu gihe nk’icyo, ryagiraga riti “ntimukiraburishe kwikeba ku mubiri.”​—Abalewi 19:28.

Abasikuti basize ibirundo bibarirwa mu bihumbi bahambagamo byitwa kurgans. Ibintu byinshi by’umutako basanze muri ibyo bituro byitwa kurgans bigaragaza uko imibereho ya buri munsi yari yifashe mu Basikuti. Umwami w’abami w’u Burusiya witwaga Pierre le Grand yatangiye gukorakoranya ibyo bintu mu mwaka wa 1715, kandi ibyo bintu birabagirana ubu umuntu ashobora kubibona mu mazu ndangamurage yo mu Burusiya no muri Ukraine. Ayo “mashusho y’ubugeni y’inyamaswa,” akubiyemo amafarashi, kagoma, ibyanira, injangwe, insamagwe, inyamaswa zimeze nk’amasha zigira amahembe y’amashami, inyoni n’intare z’amayobera (ibiremwa byo mu migani y’imihimbano bifite umubyimba w’inyamaswa imwe uriho amababa cyangwa atariho, bikagira umutwe w’indi nyamaswa).

Abasikuti na Bibiliya

Bibiliya ivuga Abasikuti mu buryo butaziguye ahantu hamwe gusa. Mu Bakolosayi 3:11, dusoma ngo “ntihaba Umugiriki cyangwa Umuyuda, uwakebwe cyangwa utakebwe, cyangwa umunyeshyanga rigawa, cyangwa Umusikuti, cyangwa imbata cyangwa uw’umudendezo, ahubwo Kristo ni byose, kandi ari muri bose.” Igihe intumwa y’Umukristo Pawulo yandikaga ayo magambo, ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryahinduwemo “Umusikuti” ntiryerekezaga ku ishyanga runaka ryihariye, ahubwo ryerekezaga ku bantu babi bafite imico ya kinyamaswa kurusha abandi. Pawulo yatsindagirizaga ko mu gihe abantu nk’abo bemeye kuyoborwa n’umwuka wera wa Yehova, cyangwa imbaraga rukozi ze, na bo bashobora kugira kamere irangwa no kubaha Imana.​—Abakolosayi 3:9, 10.

 Abahanga bamwe na bamwe mu bucukumbuzi bw’ibyo mu matongo batekereza ko izina Ashikenazi rivugwa muri Yeremiya 51:27 rihuye n’ijambo ry’Abashuri Ashguzai, rikaba ari ijambo ryerekezaga ku Basikuti. Inyandiko z’inyuguti zimeze nk’udusumari zivuga iby’amasezerano y’ubufatanye hagati y’abo bantu n’ab’i Mini igihe bigomekaga ku Bashuri mu kinyejana cya karindwi M.I.C. Mbere gato y’uko Yeremiya atangira guhanura, mu gihe Abasikuti bari bagiye mu Misiri n’igihe bari bavuyeyo, banyuze mu gihugu cy’u Buyuda ntibagira icyo bangiza. Ku bw’ibyo, abantu benshi bari baramwumvise ahanura iby’igitero cyari kuzagabwa ku Buyuda giturutse mu majyaruguru, bashobora kuba barashidikanyije niba ubwo buhanuzi bwari ukuri.​—Yeremiya 1:13-15.

Intiti zimwe na zimwe mu bya Bibiliya zitekereza ko muri Yeremiya 50:42 herekeza ku Basikuti, hagira hati “bitwaje imiheto n’amacumu; ni inkazi, ntibababarira; ijwi ryabo rihorera nk’inyanja; kandi bagendera ku mafarashi, umuntu wese ateje urugamba, nk’umuntu ugiye mu ntambara; baguteye wa mukobwa w’i Babuloni we.” Ariko kandi, uwo murongo werekeza mbere na mbere ku Bamedi n’Abaperesi bigaruriye Babuloni mu mwaka wa 539 M.I.C.

Hari abatekereje ko ‘igihugu cya Magogi’ kivugwa muri Ezekiyeli igice cya 38 n’icya 39 cyerekeza ku bwoko bw’Abasikuti. Ariko kandi, ‘igihugu cya Magogi’ gifite ibisobanuro by’ikigereranyo. Uko bigaragara, cyerekeza ku hantu hahereranye n’isi, aho Satani n’abamarayika be bahananturiwe nyuma y’intambara yabaye mu ijuru.​—Ibyahishuwe 12:7-17.

Abasikuti bagize uruhare mu gusohoza ubuhanuzi bwa Nahumu bwahanuraga ibyo kugwa kwa Nineve (Nahumu 1:1, 14). Abakaludaya, Abasikuti n’Abamedi bahinduye umusaka Nineve mu mwaka wa 632 M.I.C., bahirika Ubwami bw’Abashuri.

Ukuntu Bazimiye mu Buryo bw’Amayobera

Abasikuti barazimiye, ariko se byatewe n’iki? Umuhanga waminuje mu bushakashatsi ku bihereranye n’ibyataburuwe mu matongo wo muri Ukraine, yagize ati “icyo twavuga cy’ukuri, ni uko tutazi uko byabagendekeye.” Hari bamwe batekereza ko baciwe intege no gukunda ubutunzi, mu kinyejana cya mbere n’icya kabiri M.I.C. batsinzwe n’itsinda rishya ry’abantu bahora bimuka baturutse muri Aziya​—bitwaga Sarmates bo muri Irani.

Abandi batekereza ko imirwano yabaye hagati y’amoko y’Abasikuti yatumye bahenebera. Icyakora, hari izindi ntiti zivuga ko igice cy’abasigaye b’Abasikuti ushobora kugisanga mu baturage ba Ossètes bo mu karere ka Caucase. Uko byaba biri kose, abo bantu badasanzwe basize inkuru itazibagirana mu mateka y’abantu​—inkuru yatumye izina Umusikuti rifatwa ko ari kimwe n’Umugome.

[Ikarita yo ku ipaji ya 24]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu Munara w’Umurinzi)

◻ Umujyi wa kera

• Umujyi wo muri iki gihe

Danube

SIKUTI ← INZIRA BANYUZEMO BIMUKA

• Kiev

Dniepr

Dniestr

Inyanja Yirabura

OSSETES

Imisozi yo Muri Caucase

Inyanja ya Caspienne

ASHURI ← AHO BANYUZE BIGARURIRA IBIHUGU

◻ Nineve

Tigre

U BUMEDI ← AHO BANYUZE BIGARURIRA IBIHUGU

MESOPOTAMIYA

BABULONIYA ← AHO BANYUZE BIGARURIRA IBIHUGU

◻ Babuloni

Ufurate

UBWAMI BW’ABAPERESI

◻ Susa

Ikigobe cya Peresi

PALESITINA

• Bashani (Scythopolis)

MISIRI ← AHO BANYUZE BIGARURIRA IBIHUGU

Nili

Inyanja ya Mediterane

U BUGIRIKI

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 25]

Abasikuti bari abarwanyi

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 26]

Abasikuti bagurishaga ibintu byabo bakabigurana ibintu byiza by’ubugeni byakorewe mu Bugiriki, maze baza kuba abakungu cyane

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Uburenganzira bwatanzwe na Ukraine Historic Treasures Museum, Kiev