Igiti “kirira,” n’ “amarira” yacyo akoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi

Muri Yeremiya 51:8 hagira hati “mushake umuti wo kuvura uburibwe.” Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku bihereranye n’imwe mu nkomoko z’uwo muti woroshya ububabare cyane kandi ukomora, buratwerekeza ku kirwa cyitwa Kiyo cyo mu nyanja ya Égée.

MU NTANGIRIRO z’impeshyi, abahinzi bo kuri Kiyo bitegura isarura mu buryo budasanzwe. Iyo bamaze gukubura neza hasi ku butaka bukikije uduti tumeze nk’igihuru duhora dutoshye twitwa uduti twa masitiki, bahasiga neza ibumba ryera. Hanyuma, abahinzi batema ku bishishwa by’utwo duti bakatuvusha, bigatuma dutangira ‘kurira.’ Icyo gihe ‘amariragege’ asa n’igitare kigajutse atangira gutemba. Nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu, ya mariragege yagiye atemba arafatana maze abahinzi bakayakusanya, baba bayakuye ku bihimba bya twa duti cyangwa hasi kuri rya bumba rishashe. Ayo “marira” yitwa ubujeni bwa masitiki, yagiye akoreshwa mu gukora umuti uvura uburibwe.

Ariko kandi, mbere yo gusarura, biba bisaba kugira ukwihangana no gukora akazi gasaba imbaraga. Uduhimba tw’utwo duti tugenda twiboheranya kandi dusa n’ikijuju, dukura buhoro cyane. Kugira ngo agati kabe gakuze neza, bitwara igihe cy’imyaka 40 kugeza kuri 50—ubusanzwe kakaba kagira uburebure bwa metero kuva kuri 2 kugeza kuri 3.

Uretse akazi ko gutema ku bihimba by’utwo duti no gukusanya “amarira” yatwo, hari akandi kazi kagomba gukorwa kugira ngo ubwo bujeni buboneke. Iyo abahinzi bamaze kwegeranya “amarira” ya masitiki, bayakuramo imyanda, bakayoza kandi bakayatoranya bakurikije ubunini n’ubwiza. Hanyuma bwa bujeni bwongera gusukurwa, bityo bukaba bushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi.

Amateka y’Igiti cy’Agaciro Kenshi

Ijambo ry’Icyongereza ryahinduwemo ‘masitiki,’ rikomoka ku ijambo ry’Ikigiriki risobanurwa ngo “guhekenya amenyo” (Matayo 8:12). Iryo zina rishobora kuba ryumvikanisha ko uhereye mu bihe bya kera, ayo mariragege yagiye akanjakanjwa nka shikereti, kugira ngo umuntu ahumeke umwuka uhumura neza.

Amakuru ya kera cyane kurusha ayandi ahereranye na masitiki ni akomoka kuri Hérodote, umuhanga mu by’amateka w’Umugiriki wabayeho mu kinyejana cya gatanu M.I.C. Abandi banditsi ba kera n’abaganga—hakubiyemo Apollodore, Dioscoride, Théophraste na Hippocrate—bavuze ibihereranye no gukoresha masitiki mu buvuzi. Nubwo ibiti bya masitiki bimera ku Nkengero za Mediterane hose, guhera ahagana mu mwaka wa 50 I.C., umusaruro w’ubujeni bwa masitiki hafi ya wose wavaga ku kirwa cya Kiyo. Kandi ubwo bujeni ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi cyashishikazaga abantu bagiye bigarurira ikirwa cya Kiyo, uhereye ku Baroma ukageza ku bakomokaga mu karere ka Gênes n’abo muri Ottoman.

Uburyo Bunyuranye Amariragege ya Masitiki Akoreshwamo

Abaganga ba kera bo mu Misiri bakoreshaga amariragege ya masitiki mu kuvura indwara zinyuranye, hakubiyemo impiswi na rubagimpande. Nanone bayikoreshaga nk’umubavu, kimwe no mu kosa imirambo.  Ibiti bya masitiki bishobora kuba ari bimwe mu bintu byakomokagaho ‘umuti womora w’i Galeyadi’ uvugwa muri Bibiliya kubera ubushobozi bwawo bwo kuvura kandi ukaba warakoreshwaga mu kuwisiga kugira ngo umuntu ase neza kandi ahumure neza (Yeremiya 8:22; 46:11). Ndetse hari abavuze ko igiti cyeraga natafu, iyo ikaba ari kimwe mu bintu byabaga bigize umubavu wera wahumuraga neza wari ugenewe gukoreshwa mu bintu byera, gishobora kuba cyari icyo mu muryango w’ibiti bya masitiki.—Kuva 30:34, 35.

Muri iki gihe, amariragege ya masitiki tuyasanga muri verini basiga ku bishushanyo by’irangi kugira ngo ibirinde, ku bikoresho byo mu nzu no ku bikoresho by’umuzika. Ikoreshwa nk’inzitira ku nsinga z’amashanyarazi, ku bushyuhe no ku majwi ndetse no mu gukumira amazi bigatuma adacengera mu kintu, kandi abantu babona ko ari kimwe mu bintu byiza cyane bituma amarangi akoreshwa ku myenda n’ibishushanyo by’abanyabugeni afata neza kandi ibyo bintu ntibicuye. Nanone amariragege ya masitiki yagiye akoreshwa mu gufatanya ibintu no mu gutunganya ibikomoka ku mpu. Kubera impumuro ishimishije y’amariragege ya masitiki hamwe n’ibindi bintu biyagize, akoreshwa mu gukora isabune, amavuta yo kwisiga n’imibavu.

Amariragege ya masitiki yashyizwe ku malisiti 25 y’imiti yemewe ikoreshwa ku isi hose. Aracyakoreshwa cyane mu buvuzi gakondo bwo mu bihugu by’Abarabu. Nanone kandi, amariragege ya masitiki akoreshwa mu kuyahoma ku menyo n’imbere mu macupa ashyirwamo imiti.

Kubera ko ayo ‘marira’ akoreshwa mu bintu byinshi ava ku giti “kirira” cya masitiki ari yo avamo umuti womora, yagiye yoroshya ububabare kandi akomora mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi. Bityo rero, birakwiriye rwose kuba ubuhanuzi bwa Yeremiya bugira buti “mushake umuti wo kuvura uburibwe.”

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 31]

Ikirwa cya Kiyo

Basarura amariragege ya masitiki

“Amarira” ya masitiki bayakusanya babigiranye ubwitonzi

[Aho amafoto yavuye]

Abasaruzi bo ku kirwa cya Kiyo: Uburenganzira bwatanzwe na Korais Library; ibindi byose byatanzwe na Kostas Stamoulis