Kosa imirambo: Mbese, birakwiriye ku Bakristo?

Igihe umukurambere wizerwa Yakobo yendaga gupfa, yasabye abana be ikintu cya nyuma agira ati “muzampambe hamwe na data na sogokuru mu buvumo buri mu isambu ya Efuroni Umuheti; mu buvumo buri mu isambu y’i Makipela iri imbere y’i Mamure mu gihugu cy’i Kanāni.”—Itangiriro 49:29-31.

YOZEFU yubahirije ibyo se yamusabye binyuriye mu gukoresha umugenzo wari wiganje mu Misiri muri icyo gihe. Yategetse “abagaragu be b’abavuzi kosa se.” Dukurikije uko inkuru yanditswe mu Itangiriro igice cya 50 ibivuga, abavuzi bamaze iminsi 40 batunganya umurambo nk’uko umugenzo wabo wari uri. Kosa umurambo wa Yakobo byatumye itsinda ritubutse ry’abagize umuryango we hamwe n’abanyacyubahiro bo mu Misiri bagendaga ku ngamiya zigenda gahoro, bashobora gukora urugendo rw’ibirometero bigera kuri 400, bajyanye umurambo wa Yakobo i Heburoni kuwuhambayo.—Itangiriro 50:1-14.

Mbese, birashoboka ko umunsi umwe umurambo wa Yakobo woshejwe wazaboneka? Amahirwe yo kuba wazaboneka ni make cyane. Isirayeli yari igihugu kinese, ibyo bikaba bituma ubwoko bw’ibintu bitabururwa mu matongo yaho biba bike cyane (Kuva 3:8). Ibintu bya kera bikozwe mu byuma no mu mabuye bihaboneka ari byinshi, ariko ibyinshi mu bintu byari bikozwe mu bikoresho byoroshye, urugero nk’imyenda, impu n’imirambo yoshejwe, ntibyashoboye kurokoka uruhumbu n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe.

Ariko se, kosa imirambo bisobanura iki? Kuki byakorwaga? Mbese, birakwiriye ku Bakristo?

Uwo Mugenzo Watangiriye He?

Kosa umurambo bishobora gusobanurwa ko ari uburyo bwo kubika umurambo w’umuntu cyangwa w’inyamaswa. Abahanga mu by’amateka basa n’aho bemeranya ko kosa imirambo byatangiriye mu Misiri, ariko nanone ko byakorwaga mu Bashuri, Abaperesi n’Abasikuti ba kera. Birashoboka ko abantu batangiye gushishikazwa n’ibyo kosa imirambo no kubigerageza ari uko basanze imirambo yari yarahambwe mu musenyi wo mu butayu itaraboze bitewe n’ubugenge kamere. Guhamba muri ubwo buryo, byabuzaga uruhumbu n’umwuka wo hanze kugera ku murambo, bityo bigatuma utabora vuba. Hari bamwe batanga ibitekerezo by’uko ibyo kosa imirambo byatangiye igihe basangaga imirambo yarabitswe neza mu byo bita natrum, akaba ari ibuye ry’umunyu rigizwe n’imvange ya sodiyumu na karubone ryiganje mu Misiri no mu turere tuhegereye.

Umuntu wosaga imirambo yabaga agamije gusa guhagarika za mikorobe zihita zitangira  kurya umurambo mu masaha make nyuma yo gupfa, zigatuma umurambo utangira kubora. Izo mikorobe ziramutse zikuweho, umurambo ntiwaba ukiboze, cyangwa se nibura mu buryo bugaragara, watinda kubora. Hari ibintu bitatu baba bifuza kugeraho: kubika umurambo ugakomeza kuba nk’uko umubiri wari uri, kuwubuza kubora, no gutuma umurambo utangizwa n’udukoko.

Abanyamisiri ba kera bosaga imirambo yabo babitewe ahanini n’impamvu zo mu rwego rw’idini. Igitekerezo bari bafite cy’uko ubuzima bukomeza kubaho nyuma yo gupfa cyari gifitanye isano n’icyifuzo cyo kuguma mu isi y’abazima. Bizeraga ko imirambo yabo ishobora gukoreshwa ubuziraherezo kandi ko yari kuzasubizwamo ubuzima. Nubwo umugenzo wo kosa imirambo wari wiganje, muri iki gihe nta nkuru yo mu Misiri yigeze iboneka ivuga ukuntu byakorwaga. Inkuru yanditswe ibivuga neza ni iy’umuhanga mu by’amateka w’Umugiriki witwaga Hérodote wo mu kinyejana cya gatanu M.I.C. Ariko kandi, bavuze ko abagerageje kosa imirambo bakurikije amabwiriza yatanzwe na Hérodote nta cyo bagezeho kigaragara cyane.

Mbese, Birakwiriye ku Bakristo?

Umurambo wa Yakobo woshejwe n’abantu batari bafite imyizerere nk’iye. Ariko kandi, nta watekereza ko igihe Yozefu yahaga abavuzi umurambo wa se, yaba yarabasabye ko bamuvugiraho amasengesho n’imitongero ishobora kuba yaraherekezaga imigenzo hafi ya yose yo kosa imirambo yakorwaga mu Misiri muri icyo gihe. Ari Yakobo ari na Yozefu, bombi bari bafite ukwizera gukomeye (Abaheburayo 11:21, 22). Nubwo uko bigaragara bitategetswe na Yehova, nta bwo Ibyanditswe bigaya ibyo kuba umurambo wa Yakobo waroshejwe. Umurambo wa Yakobo ntiwoshejwe kugira ngo bibere icyitegererezo ishyanga rya Isirayeli cyangwa itorero rya Gikristo. Mu by’ukuri, nta mabwiriza ahamye aboneka mu Ijambo ry’Imana kuri iyo ngingo. Nyuma y’aho umurambo wa Yozefu ubwe wosherejwe mu Misiri, nta handi Ibyanditswe bivuga iby’uwo mugenzo.—Itangiriro 50:26.

Ibisigazwa by’imirambo y’abantu yashengaguritse basanze mu mva zo muri Palesitina, bigaragaza ko Abaheburayo batari bafite umugenzo wo kosa imirambo ngo izamare igihe kirekire. Urugero, umurambo wa Lazaro ntiwoshejwe. Nubwo yari azingazingiwe mu myenda, abari aho bifashe impungenge igihe ibuye ryari ku munwa w’imva ye ryari rigiye gukurwaho. Kubera ko Lazaro yari amaze iminsi ine apfuye, mushiki we yari azi neza ko imva yari kunuka mu gihe yari kuba ikinguwe.—Yohana 11:38-44.

Mbese, umurambo wa Yesu Kristo waroshejwe? Inkuru z’Amavanjiri ntizishyigikira icyo gitekerezo. Muri icyo gihe, Abayahudi bari bafite umugenzo wo gutunganya umurambo bawusiga ibyatsi bihumura neza n’amavuta arimo imibavu mbere yo kuwuhamba. Urugero, kugira ngo batunganye umurambo wa Yesu, Nikodemu yatanze ibyatsi byinshi bihumura neza (Yohana 19:38-42). Kuki yatanze ibyatsi byinshi bene ako kageni? Urukundo ruvuye ku mutima hamwe n’icyubahiro yari afitiye Yesu, bishobora kuba byaramusunikiye kugaragaza ubuntu atitangiriye itama bene ako kageni. Si ngombwa ko dutekereza ko ibyo byatsi bihumura neza byakoreshwaga bagamije kosa imirambo.

Mbese, Umukristo yagombye kurwanya umugenzo wo kosa imirambo? Mu buryo buhuje n’ukuri, kosa umurambo nta kindi bimara uretse gutinza ikizabaho nta kabuza. Twakuwe mu mukungugu kandi mu mukungugu ni mo dusubira iyo dupfuye (Itangiriro 3:19). Ariko se, umurambo wagombye kubikwa igihe kingana iki uhereye igihe umuntu apfiriye kugeza igihe bazamushyingurira? Niba abagize umuryango hamwe n’incuti baturuka kure, kandi bakaba bifuza kubona umurambo, nta gushidikanya ko byaba ngombwa ko woswa mu rugero runaka.

 Ku bw’ibyo, nta mpamvu ishingiye ku Byanditswe yagombye gutuma umuntu agira impungenge niba umuco w’akarere usaba ko umurambo woswa cyangwa abagize umuryango bakaba bifuza ko bikorwa. Abapfuye “nta cyo bakizi” (Umubwiriza 9:5). Niba bibukwa n’Imana, bazazuka babe mu isi nshya yasezeranyije.—Yobu 14:13-15; Ibyakozwe 24:15; 2 Petero 3:13.

[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 31]

KOSA IMIRAMBO​—MU GIHE CYA KERA NO MURI IKI GIHE

Mu Misiri ya kera, uburyo bwakoreshwaga mu kosa imirambo bwaterwaga n’urwego rw’umuryango uwapfuye yabaga arimo. Umuryango ukize washoboraga guhitamo uburyo bukurikira:

Ubwonko bwakurwagamo babunyujije mu mazuru bakoresheje igikoresho gikozwe mu cyuma. Hanyuma igikanka cyasigwaga imiti yabugenewe. Hakurikiragaho kuvanamo imyanya yo mu nda yose uretse umutima n’impyiko. Kugira ngo bakore mu nda, basaturaga umurambo, ariko ibyo babonaga ko ari icyaha. Kugira ngo Abanyamisiri bosaga imirambo bikure muri icyo kibazo cy’inzitane, bagenaga umuntu witwaga rusatuzi, kugira ngo asature umurambo. Akimara kuwusatura, yahitaga ahunga kubera ko bene icyo “cyaha” cyahanishwaga kuvumwa no kwicishwa amabuye.

Iyo babaga bamaze kuvanamo ibyo mu nda, barahozaga cyane. Umuhanga mu by’amateka witwaga Hérodote yaranditse ati “mu nda batsindagiragamo umusaga mwiza cyane useye, ibyatsi byabugenewe bita cassia, n’ibindi byatsi by’ubwoko bunyuranye bihumura neza uretse ishangi, hanyuma bakadoda.”

Hanyuma, umurambo warakamurwaga binyuriye mu kuwinika mu munyu witwa natrum ukamaramo iminsi 70. Nyuma y’aho, umurambo waruhagirwaga maze bakawuzingazingiraho imyenda ya halili babigiranye ubuhanga. Hanyuma, iyo myenda ya halili bayishyiragaho ubujeni cyangwa ibindi bintu bimatira, maze umurambo woshejwe ugashyirwa mu isanduku y’igiti itatswe by’akataraboneka, yabaga ifite isura y’umuntu.

Muri iki gihe, kosa imirambo bishobora gukorwa mu masaha make gusa. Ubusanzwe bikorwa binyuriye mu gushyira mu mitsi no mu dusaho two mu gituza no mu nda umuti wabugenewe ukoreshwa mu kosa umurambo. Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, hagiye hakorwa imiti inyuranye kandi bakayikoresha. Ariko kandi, bitewe n’ikibazo cy’amafaranga n’umutekano, umuti witwa formaldéhyde ni wo muti ukunze gukoreshwa mu kosa imirambo.

[Ifoto]

Isanduku ya zahabu y’Umwami Tutankhamen