Amashusho asengwa mu madini​—Inkomoko yayo ya kera

“Amashusho ni uburyo bwo kuduhuza n’umuco wo kugira neza no kwera kw’Imana n’Abatagatifu bayo.”​—BYAVUZWE NA ARIKIDIYOSEZI YA KILIZIYA YA ORUTODOGISI YA KIGIRIKI YA OSITARALIYA.

KURI uwo munsi wo muri Kanama wari waranzwe n’icyokere, izuba ryari ryinshi ku ngazi z’isima zizamuka zijya mu kigo cy’abihaye Imana cyitiriwe “la très Sainte Mère de Dieu (Umubyeyi Mutagatifu w’Imana)” kiri ku kirwa cya Tínos, mu Nyanja ya Égée. Ubushyuhe bwotsa ntibwaciye intege abayoboke ba Kiliziya ya Orutodogisi ya Kigiriki basaga 25.000 bari baje mu rugendo rutagatifu, bagenda buhoro buhoro bagerageza kugera ku ishusho ya nyina wa Yesu itatswe ibintu bihambaye.

Umwana w’umukobwa wamugaye, uko bigaragara akaba yari afite ububabare kandi ubona mu maso ye yihebye, yagendaga akambakamba, n’amavi ye ava amaraso menshi cyane. Hafi ye hari umukecuru urushye waturutse iyo bigwa, arimo ahatana kugira ngo akomeze kugenda. Umugabo w’igikwerere icyuya cyamurenze mu gihe ahatana ashaka aho yanyura mu bantu babyigana. Abo bose intego yabo ni ugusoma iyo shusho ya Mariya no kuyunamira.

Nta gushidikanya ko abo bantu bakunda idini ryabo cyane baba bafite icyifuzo kitarangwa n’uburyarya cyo gusenga Imana. Ariko se, ni bangahe bazi ko ibyo kubaha amashusho asengwa mu madini bikomoka mu bikorwa byo mu binyejana bya mbere y’Ubukristo?

Amashusho Aboneka Henshi

Mu bihugu byiganjemo kiliziya ya Orutodogisi, amashusho uyasanga ahantu hose. Mu nsengero, amashusho ya Yesu, Mariya n’ “abatagatifu” benshi afata umwanya wa mbere. Akenshi abizera bagaragariza ayo mashusho icyubahiro binyuriye mu kuyasoma, kuyosereza imibavu, no gucana buji. Byongeye kandi, ingo z’abayoboke ba kiliziya ya Orutodogisi hafi ya zose ziba zifite imfuruka ibamo ishusho, aho bavugira amasengesho. Ni ibintu bisanzwe rwose kumva Abakristo b’Aborutodogisi bavuga ko iyo basenga ishusho bumva barushijeho kwegera Imana. Benshi batekereza ko amashusho aba arimo ubuntu bw’Imana kandi ko afite ububasha ndengakamere.

Abo bantu bemera bashobora gutangazwa no kumenya ko Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere batemeraga ibyo gukoresha amashusho mu gusenga. Igitabo cyitwa Byzantium kigira kiti “Abakristo ba mbere, bashingiye ku kuntu idini rya Kiyahudi ryangaga urunuka ibyo gusenga ibishushanyo, bagenderaga kure ibikorwa ibyo ari byo byose byo gusenga amashusho y’abatagatifu.” Icyo gitabo nanone kigira kiti “kuva mu Kinyejana cya Gatanu, amashusho . . . yagiye arushaho kuboneka ahantu hasengeraga abantu benshi n’aho abantu ku giti cyabo basengeraga.” Niba se ibyo gukoresha amashusho asengwa mu madini bitarakomotse ku  Bukristo bwo mu kinyejana cya mbere, ni hehe handi byakomotse?

Dutahure Aho Yakomotse

Umushakashatsi witwa Vitalij Ivanovich Petrenko yaranditse ati “gukoresha amashusho hamwe n’umuhango wayo, byahereye mu gihe cya kera cyane mbere y’Ubukristo, kandi ‘byakomotse mu idini rya gipagani.’ ” Abahanga benshi mu by’amateka bemeranya kuri iyo ngingo, bavuga ko ibyo gusenga amashusho bikomoka mu madini ya Babuloni, Misiri n’u Bugiriki bya kera. Urugero, mu Bugiriki bwa kera, amashusho yasengwaga mu idini yabaga ari ibishushanyo bibajwe. Batekerezaga ko ibyo bishushanyo byabaga bifite ububasha nk’ubw’Imana. Abantu batekerezaga ko bimwe muri ibyo bishushanyo bitari byarakozwe n’intoki z’abantu, ahubwo ko byari byaramanutse biturutse mu ijuru. Mu gihe cy’ibirori byihariye, bene ayo mashusho yakoreshwaga mu gusenga bayajyanaga mu mutambagiro waberaga mu mujyi, kandi bayatambiraga ibitambo. Petrenko yagize ati “ishusho yakoreshwaga mu gusenga yabonwaga n’uyubaha ko yo ubwayo ari imana, nubwo bagiye bagerageza . . . gutandukanya imana n’ishusho yayo.”

Ni gute ibyo bitekerezo n’ibikorwa byaje gucengera mu Bukristo? Uwo mushakashatsi yavuze ko mu binyejana byakurikiye urupfu rw’intumwa za Kristo, cyane cyane mu Misiri, “imyizerere ya Gikristo yahuye n’ ‘uruvange rw’imyizerere ya gipagani’—rwakomotse mu bikorwa n’imyizerere byo mu Misiri, mu Bugiriki, mu Bayahudi, i Burasirazuba na Roma, byakurikizwaga bibangikanye n’imyizerere ya Gikristo.” Ingaruka zabaye iz’uko “abanyabugeni b’Abakristo badukanye uburyo [bukomatanya amadini] maze bagatangira gukoresha ibimenyetso by’abapagani, babiha isura nshya, nubwo batabyejeje burundu ngo babikuremo umwuka wa gipagani.”

Nyuma y’igihe gito, amashusho yahindutse ikintu ubuzima bwo mu rwego rw’idini bw’abantu ku giti cyabo n’ubuzima bwo mu ruhame bwibandagaho. Mu gitabo cyitwa The Age of Faith, umuhanga mu by’amateka witwa Will Durant asobanura ukuntu ibyo byagenze, agira ati “uko umubare w’abatagatifu basengwa wagendaga wiyongera, batangiye kubona ko ari ngombwa kubamenya no kubibuka; hakozwe amafoto menshi yabo n’aya Mariya; naho ku birebana na Kristo, isura ye bihimbiye si yo yonyine yubahirizwaga, ahubwo n’umusaraba we na wo warubahirizwaga—ndetse ku bantu batareba kure, babonaga ko ibyo bintu  ari impigi zifite ububasha bw’amayobera. Ubushobozi kamere abantu bafite bwo gutekereza ibintu bwatumye bafata ibintu byera byasigaye, amafoto n’ibishushanyo, babihindura ibintu bigomba gusengwa; abantu barabyunamiraga, bakabisoma, bakabicanira buji kandi bakabyosereza imibavu, bakabishyiraho indabo, kandi bagashakisha ibitangaza mu bubasha bwabyo ndengakamere. . . . Abakuru ba Kiliziya na za konsili zayo bagiye basobanura kenshi ko ayo mashusho atari imana, ahubwo ko ari urwibutso rwazo; abantu bo ntibashakaga kubona iryo tandukaniro.”

Mu buryo nk’ubwo, muri iki gihe abantu benshi bakoresha amashusho asengwa mu madini bashobora kujya impaka bavuga ko ayo mashusho bayubaha gusa—ko batayasenga. Bashobora kwihandagaza bavuga ko ibishushanyo by’idini byemewe n’amategeko, ndetse ko ari ingenzi mu kubafasha gusenga Imana. Wenda nawe ni uko ubyumva. Ariko aho ikibazo kiri ni aha: Imana yo ibibona ite? Mbese, kubahiriza ishusho, mu by’ukuri byaba ari kimwe no kuyisenga? Mbese, mu by’ukuri bene ibyo bikorwa byaba birimo akaga gafifitse?

[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 4]

Ishusho Ni Iki?

Hariho ubwoko bunyuranye bw’ibishushanyo bisengwa mu madini. Hari ibishushanyo bibajwe. Ibyo bikoreshwa cyane mu misengere ya Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma. Hari nanone amashusho ya Kristo, Mariya, “abatagatifu,” abamarayika, abantu n’ibintu bivugwa muri Bibiliya, cyangwa ibintu byabaye mu mateka ya Kiliziya ya Orutodogisi. Ubusanzwe aba ashushanyije ku bibaho by’ibiti bishobora kwimukanwa.

Dukurikije uko Kiliziya ya Orutodogisi ibisobanura, amashusho asengwa mu idini ntasa n’amafoto asanzwe y’abantu. Nanone kandi, batekereza ko igiti n’irangi ry’iyo shusho bishobora “kuzura ukuhaba kw’Imana.”

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 4]

Gukoresha amashusho byaturutse ku migenzo ya gipagani

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 3 yavuye]

© AFP/CORBIS