Yoga​—Mbese, ni imyitozo gusa, cyangwa hari ikindi kiyihishe inyuma?

KUGIRA urubavu ruto kandi ufite amagara mazima, ni byo abantu muri iki gihe bashyizeho umutima cyane. Ibyo byatumye abantu benshi bajya gushakira ubufasha mu mazu akorerwamo imyitozo ngororangingo. Kubera iyo mpamvu nanone, abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi bo mu Burayi bahindukiriye imyitozo ya yoga, yakomotse muri Aziya.

Abantu bafite ibibahangayikishije kimwe n’abihebye, na bo bahindukiriye yoga kugira ngo babone ihumure n’ibisubizo by’ibibazo byabo. Uburyo bwo gutekereza cyane uvuga n’imitongero bukomoka kuri yoga, bwakwirakwijwe n’abakinnyi ba za filimi b’ibirangirire n’abacuranzi b’umuzika witwa rock. Dukurikije ukuntu abantu bagenda barushaho gushamadukira yoga, dushobora kwibaza tuti ‘mbese, yoga ni imyitozo gusa ituma uyikora agira amagara mazima, akaba muto muto kandi akagira umutuzo mu bwenge? Mbese, umuntu ashobora gukora yoga bitabaye ngombwa ko hazamo iby’idini? Mbese, Umukristo yayikora?’

Amavu n’Amavuko ya Yoga

Yoga ni ijambo rikomoka ku ijambo ry’umwimerere ryo mu rurimi rwitwa Sanskrit rishobora gusobanura guteranya, guhambiranya cyangwa kwitegekera ikintu. Ku Muhindu, yoga ni ubuhanga cyangwa uburyo bwo gutegeka ibintu butuma aba umwe n’imbaraga cyangwa umwuka ndengakamere ukomeye cyane. Ivugwaho kuba ari ‘uguhambirira imbaraga z’umubiri, iz’ubwenge n’iz’ubugingo ku Mana.’

Yoga ni iya kera mu rugero rungana iki? Ibibumbano byataburuwe mu Kibaya cya Indus, ubu akaba ari muri Pakisitani, basanze bishushanyijeho abantu bicaye mu buryo butandukanye bwa yoga. Abahanga mu bucukumbuzi bw’ibyo mu matongo bavuga ko icyo Kibaya cyari gituwe hagati y’umwaka wa 3000 n’uwa 1000 M.I.C., ahagana mu gihe Mezopotamiya yari ikirangirire mu by’ubugeni. Ibintu by’ubugeni byo mu Kibaya cya Indus n’ibyo muri Mezopotamiya, byagaragazaga umuntu washushanyaga ikigirwamana,  wari utamirije amahembe kandi akikijwe n’inyamaswa, ushobora kuba yari Nimurodi, “umuhigi w’umunyamaboko” (Itangiriro 10:8, 9). Abahindu bavuga ko abo bantu bari bicaye mu buryo bwa yoga bari bameze nk’imana Siva, umwami w’inyamaswa akaba n’umwami wa yoga, akenshi bakaba bayisenga bifashishije ikigirwamana cy’ishusho y’igitsina cy’umugabo. Bityo igitabo kimwe cyise yoga “urutonde rw’amategeko y’ibikorwa byo kwibabaza, cyane cyane yabayeho na mbere y’uko haduka abantu bavugaga ururimi rw’Igihindi kivanze n’indimi z’i Burayi bitwa Aryens, akubiyemo ibisigisigi by’imyizerere n’imigenzo byo mu bihe bya kera.’—Hindu World.

Uko yoga ikorwa byabanje kujya bihererekanywa ku munwa gusa. Nyuma, Umuhindi wazobereye muri yoga witwa Patañjali, yaje kubyandika mu buryo burambuye mu gitabo cyitwa Yoga Sutra, na n’ubu kikaba ari cyo gitabo cy’ibanze gikubiyemo amasomo ya yoga. Ukurikije uko Patañjali yabivuze, yoga ni imihati ihoraho abantu bashyiraho bagamije kugera ku butungane, binyuriye mu gutegeka ibice byose bigize kamere muntu, byaba iby’umubiri n’iby’ubwenge.’ Kuva yoga igitangira kugeza ubu, yabaye ikintu cy’ingenzi mu madini yo muri Aziya, cyane cyane nk’iry’Abahindu, Ababuda, n’abandi. Abantu bamwe bakora yoga batekereza ko izabageza ku cyo bita moksha cyangwa kubohorwa binyuriye mu kuba umwe n’umwuka ukomeye cyane kurusha indi yose.

Ku bw’ibyo rero, twakongera tukibaza niba umuntu ashobora gukora yoga nk’imyitozo ngororangingo gusa kugira ngo agire amagara mazima kandi atuze mu bwenge, atavanzemo iby’idini. Dukurikije amateka yayo, ntibishoboka.

Ni iki Yoga Ishobora Kukugezaho?

Imyitozo ya yoga iba igamije kugira ngo umuntu agere ku ntera yo ‘guhwana’ cyangwa kuba umwe n’umwuka ndengakamere. Ariko se, uwo ni mwuka bwoko ki?

Mu gitabo uwitwa Benjamin Walker yanditse, yerekeje kuri yoga agira ati “ishobora kuba ari uburyo imihango y’ubumaji bwo hambere yakorwagamo, kandi na n’ubu yoga iracyakubiyemo ibintu bifitanye isano n’amayobera n’ubupfumu” (Hindu World). Abahanga mu bya filozofiya b’Abahindu bemera ko yoga ishobora gutuma umuntu agira imbaraga ndengakamere, nubwo ubusanzwe bavuga ko atari yo ntego yayo y’ibanze. Urugero, perezida w’u Buhindi, Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, yavuze ko ku muntu ukora yoga, ‘gutegeka umubiri we binyuriye mu kwicara mu buryo butandukanye, ari byo bituma atumva ubushyuhe n’ubukonje birenze urugero. Umuntu ukora yoga ashobora kubona no kumva ibintu biri kure ye. Abantu bashobora kungurana ibitekerezo bitabaye ngombwa ko bifashisha uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyikirana. Ashobora no kugira atya akabura wamurebaga’!—Indian Philosophy.

Urugero rw’ikintu kidasanzwe umuntu ukora yoga ashobora gukora, ni nko kuryama ku buriri bw’imisumari cyangwa gukandagira amakara yaka, ibyo bamwe bakaba babona ko ari ukwikinira, abandi bakabona ko ari ugushaka gusetsa abantu gusa. Ariko ibyo ni ibikorwa bibaho cyane mu Buhindi. Hari n’abantu bahagarara ku kaguru kamwe batumbiriye mu zuba bakamara amasaha n’amasaha, hamwe n’abafite uburyo bwo guhumeka bwihariye butuma babataba mu mucanga bakamaramo igihe kirekire. Mu kwezi kwa Kamena 1995, ikinyamakuru kimwe cyavuze ko hari agakobwa k’imyaka itatu basinzirije hanyuma imodoka yapimaga hafi toni ikakanyura ku nda. Imbaga y’abantu yari iteraniye aho yatangajwe n’uko ubwo kakangukaga nta cyo kari kabaye na busa. Icyo kinyamakuru cyongeyeho kiti ‘aho ni ho imbaraga za yoga zigaragarira.’—The Times of India.

Nta gushidikanya, nta muntu usanzwe ushobora gukora ibintu nk’ibyo. Ku bw’ibyo, Umukristo agomba kwibaza icyo ibyo bikorwa bigaragaza. Mbese, bituruka kuri Yehova Imana, ‘Usumbabyose, utegeka isi yose,’ cyangwa bifite ahandi bituruka? (Zaburi 83:19, umurongo wa 18 muri Biblia Yera.) Bibiliya isobanura neza iyo ngingo. Igihe Abisirayeli bari hafi kwinjira mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano cyari gituwe n’Abanyakanaani, Yehova yarababwiye ati “ntuzige gukurikiza ibizira bikorwa n’ayo mahanga.” Byari “ibizira” bwoko ki? Mose yatanze umuburo wo kwirinda ‘ubupfumu, cyangwa kuragurisha  ibicu, cyangwa kuroga’ (Gutegeka 18:9, 10). Ibyo bintu ni ibizira ku Mana kubera ko ari ibikorwa by’abadayimoni kandi bikaba ari imirimo ya kamere yokamwe n’icyaha.—Abagalatiya 5:19-21.

Si Iyo Gukorwa n’Umukristo

Nubwo abantu bakora mu bigo bikorerwamo imyitozo ngororangingo bashobora kukubwira ibitandukanye n’ibyo, gukora yoga ntibicira mu myitozo ngororangingo gusa. Igitabo kimwe cyavuze inkuru y’abantu babiri bari batangiye gukora yoga, maze bakajya bakora ibyo umwarimu wayo bita guru yabasabaga. Icyo gitabo kivuga ko umwe yavuze ati “nakoresheje imihati ndengakamere kugira ngo ne guhumeka igihe kirekire uko bishoboka kose, kandi nahumekaga iyo numvaga ngiye guhwera. . . . Umunsi umwe, ari saa sita zuzuye, natekereje ko mbonye ukwezi kwaka, kwasaga n’aho kugenda kandi kunyeganyega. Ikindi gihe, natekereje ko nari ntwikiriwe n’umwijima mwinshi kandi hari saa sita z’amanywa. Umwarimu wanjye . . . yaranezerwaga cyane iyo namubwiraga ibyo nabaga nabonye. . . . . Yanyijeje ko mu gihe kitarambiranye nari kubona ingaruka zitangaje kubera uko kuntu nibabazaga.” Undi mugabo na we yaravuze ati “yantegetse kujya buri gihe ntumbira mu kirere ntahumbya cyangwa ngo mpindukire. . . . Rimwe na rimwe natekerezaga ko mbonye ibishashi by’umuriro mu kirere; ikindi gihe bwo nabaye nk’ubonye imibumbe yaka umuriro hamwe n’ibindi bintu byo mu kirere. Umwarimu wanjye yashimishijwe no kuba imihati nashyizeho yaragize icyo igeraho.”—Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies.

Abarimu ba yoga babona ko kubona ibintu bidasanzwe ari byo biganisha ku ntego abantu baba bafite iyo bakora imyitozo ya yoga. Ni koko, intego y’ibanze ni ukugera ku byo bita moksha, isobanurwa ko ari ukuba umwe n’umwuka ukomeye cyane utagira kamere. Ivugwaho ko ari “uguhagarika (ubigambiriye) ubushobozi busanzwe bwo gutekereza.” Ibyo bitandukanye rwose n’intego y’Abakristo, bahabwa inama igira iti “mutange imibiri yanyu, ibe ibitambo bizima byera bishimwa n’Imana, ni ko kuyikorera kwanyu gukwiriye. Kandi ntimwishushanye n’ab’iki gihe, ahubwo muhinduke rwose, mugize imitima mishya, kugira ngo mumenye neza ibyo Imana ishaka, ni byo byiza bishimwa kandi bitunganye rwose.”—Abaroma 12:1, 2.

Guhitamo imyitozo umuntu akora ni ikibazo kireba umuntu ku giti cye. Ariko kandi, Abakristo ntibakwemerera ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose, cyaba imyitozo ngororangingo, kurya, kunywa, imyambarire, imyidagaduro cyangwa ikindi kintu, ngo kibangamire imishyikirano bafitanye na Yehova Imana (1 Abakorinto 10:31). Ku bantu bakora imyitozo bagamije kugira amagara mazima, hari imyitozo myinshi idafitanye isano n’ibikorwa by’ubupfumu n’ibintu by’amayobera. Mu gihe twirinze ibikorwa n’imyizerere bikomoka ku idini ry’ikinyoma, tuba twizeye ko Yehova azaduha imigisha tukazaba mu isi nshya, aho tuzishimira kugira amagara mazima haba mu mubiri no mu bwenge mu gihe cy’iteka ryose.—2 Petero 3:13; Ibyahishuwe 21:3, 4.

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 22]

Abantu benshi bakora imyitozo idafite aho ihuriye n’ubupfumu