‘Itoze’

ABAKINNYI b’Abagiriki n’ab’Abaroma ba kera bari bafite ibintu baharaniraga: vuba, kure n’imbaraga! Mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi, ahitwa i Olympie, i Delphi, i Némée no mu Bunigo bwa Korinto haberaga imikino y’agahebuzo yahabwaga “umugisha” n’imana kandi yakurikiranwaga n’abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi. Abantu bemererwaga kujya muri iyo mikino babaga barabiharaniye mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi. Abatsindaga biheshaga icyubahiro bakagihesha n’umujyi bakomokagamo.

Dufatiye kuri iyo mimerere, dushobora kwiyumvisha impamvu abanditsi b’Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo bagereranyije isiganwa ryo mu buryo bw’umwuka Abakristo barimo n’iyo mikino yakorwaga. Intumwa Petero na Pawulo bakoresheje ingero zihereranye n’imikino babigiranye ubuhanga kugira ngo bumvikanishe ingingo runaka z’ingenzi. Na n’ubu iryo siganwa rikomeye rya Gikristo riracyakomeza. Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bagombaga guhangana n’isi y’Abayahudi yariho icyo gihe; twebwe muri iki gihe turwana n’iyi si iri hafi kurimbuka (2 Timoteyo 2:5; 3:1-5). Bamwe bashobora kubona ko “isiganwa ryo kwizera” barimo ritajya rirangira kandi ko ribananiza (1 Timoteyo 6:12, The New English Bible). Gusuzuma ingero zimwe na zimwe zo muri Bibiliya zigereranya abakinnyi bajya mu marushanwa n’isiganwa rya Gikristo biri budufashe cyane.

Umutoza uhebuje

Umutoza agira uruhare rukomeye mu gutuma umukinnyi atsinda. Igitabo kimwe cyerekeje ku mikino yo mu gihe cya kera kigira kiti “abajyaga mu irushanwa bagombaga kwemeza ko bamaze amezi icumi bakora imyitozo yo kwitegura” (Archaeologia Graeca). Abakristo na bo bakeneye kwitoza babyitondeye. Pawulo yagiriye inama umusaza w’Umukristo, ari we Timoteyo, agira ati “witoze kubaha Imana” (1 Timoteyo 4:7). Ni nde utoza “umukinnyi” w’Umukristo? Nta wundi utari Yehova Imana ubwe! Intumwa Petero yaranditse ati ‘Imana igira ubuntu bwose izabatunganya rwose ubwayo, ibakomeze, ibongerere imbaraga.’—1 Petero 5:10.

Dukurikije uko igitabo kimwe kibivuga, amagambo ngo “izabatunganya rwose” aturuka ku nshinga y’Ikigiriki mu buryo bw’ibanze isobanurwa ngo “gutegura ikintu [cyangwa umuntu] kugira ngo kibe gikwiriye umugambi cyagenewe, kugitunganya no kugihindura kugira ngo gihuze n’ibyo kizakoreshwa” (Theological Lexicon of the New Testament). Ikindi gitabo na cyo cyavuze ko iyo nshinga ishobora gusobanurwa ngo “gutegura, gutoza cyangwa guha umuntu ibyo akeneye byose.” (Greek-English Lexicon, cyanditswe na Liddell na Scott.) Ni mu buhe buryo Yehova ‘adutegura, akadutoza, cyangwa akaduha ibyo dukeneye byose,’ kugira ngo dukomeze isiganwa rya Gikristo risaba imihati myinshi? Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza igereranya ryakoreshejwe, nimucyo dusuzume uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwakoreshwaga n’abatoza.

Igitabo kimwe cyagize kiti “abari bashinzwe gutoza urubyiruko bakoreshaga uburyo bubiri bw’ingenzi, ubwa mbere bukaba bwari ubwo gutera umwigishwa inkunga yo gukoresha imbaraga ze zose kugira ngo atsinde; uburyo bwa kabiri bwari ubwo kunonosora ubuhanga n’uburyo bwe bwo gukina.”—The Olympic Games in Ancient Greece.

Mu buryo nk’ubwo, Yehova adutera inkunga akanadukomeza kugira ngo tumukorere n’imbaraga zacu zose kandi twongere ubuhanga dukoresha mu murimo we. Imana yacu itwongerera imbaraga binyuriye kuri Bibiliya, ku muteguro wayo wo ku isi no kuri bagenzi bacu b’Abakristo bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka. Hari igihe idutoza binyuriye mu kuduha igihano (Abaheburayo 12:6). Ubundi ikaba yareka ibigeragezo n’ingorane bitandukanye bikatugeraho kugira ngo dushobore kugaragaza umuco wo kwihangana  (Yakobo 1:2-4). Kandi iduha imbaraga dukeneye. Umuhanuzi Yesaya yagize ati “abategereza Uwiteka, bazasubizwamo intege nshya, bazatumbagira mu kirere bagurukisha amababa nk’ibisiga: baziruka, be kunanirwa, bazagenda be gucogora.”—Yesaya 40:31.

Ikirenze byose, Imana iduha umwuka wayo wera ititangiriye itama, ukaba utwongerera imbaraga zo gukomeza kuyikorera umurimo yemera (Luka 11:13). Incuro nyinshi, abagaragu b’Imana bagiye bihanganira ibigeragezo bikomeye bihereranye no kwizera. Ababyihanganiye bari abagabo n’abagore bameze nkatwe. Ariko kandi, kuba bariringiraga Imana mu buryo bwuzuye byatumye bashobora kwihangana. Ni koko, ‘imbaraga zisumba byose ni iz’Imana, ntizituruka kuri twe.’—2 Abakorinto 4:7.

Umutoza urangwa n’impuhwe

Umuhanga umwe yavuze ko umutoza wa kera yari ashinzwe ‘kwemeza ubwoko bwa siporo n’imyitozo byagombaga gukorwa na buri mukinnyi, n’incuro yagombaga kubikora.’ Mu gihe Imana idutoza, izirikana imimerere yacu ya bwite, ubushobozi bwacu, imiterere yacu n’intege nke zacu. Akenshi iyo Yehova adutoza, tumutakambira nk’uko Yobu yamutakambiye agira ati “ibuka, ndakwinginze, yuko wambumbye nk’ibumba” (Yobu 10:9). Ni gute umutoza wacu urangwa n’impuhwe abyitabira? Dawidi yanditse yerekeza kuri Yehova ati “azi imiremerwe yacu, yibuka ko turi umukungugu.”—Zaburi 103:14.

Ushobora kuba ufite indwara ikomeye ituma udashobora gukora nk’uko wari usanzwe ukora mu murimo, cyangwa ukaba urwana n’ibyiyumvo byo kumva ko nta cyo umaze. Wenda ukora uko ushoboye kose kugira ngo ucike ku ngeso mbi runaka, cyangwa wumva ko utanesha ibyo urungano rwawe ruguhatira gukora, baba abo muturanye, abo mukorana cyangwa abo mwigana. Uko imimerere yawe yaba iri kose, ntuzigere na rimwe wibagirwa ko Yehova azi neza ibibazo byawe kurusha undi muntu uwo ari we wese, ndetse nawe ubwawe! Kubera ko ari umutoza wita ku bo atoza, ahora yiteguye kugufasha mu gihe waba ushaka kugirana na we imishyikirano ya bugufi.—Yakobo 4:8.

 Abatoza bo mu gihe cya kera “bamenyaga gutandukanya umunaniro cyangwa intege nke byabaga bidatewe n’imyitozo umukinnyi yabaga yakoze, ahubwo bitewe n’izindi mpamvu, urugero nk’imitekerereze, kuramuka nabi, kwiheba n’ibindi. Abatoza bagiraga ububasha bwinshi ku bakinnyi, ku buryo bashoboraga no kugenzura imibereho yabo bwite, bakagira icyo bakora iyo babonaga ari ngombwa.”

Mbese, hari igihe wumva wanegekaye bitewe n’imihihibikano idatuza n’ibigeragezo byo muri iyi si? Kubera ko Yehova ari umutoza wawe, akwitaho cyane (1 Petero 5:7). Ahita atahura akamenyetso ako ari ko kose kagaragaza ko utangiye kugira intege nke cyangwa kunanirwa mu buryo bw’umwuka. Nubwo Yehova azirikana ko twaremanywe umudendezo wo kwihitiramo ibitunogeye, aradufasha kandi akaducyaha iyo bibaye ngombwa, kuko yifuza ko twamererwa neza iteka ryose (Yesaya 30:21). Ni gute abikora? Abikora binyuriye kuri Bibiliya no ku bitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya, ku basaza b’itorero bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka no ku muryango w’abavandimwe buje urukundo.

‘Kwirinda muri byose’

Birumvikana ko kugira umutoza mwiza byonyine bitari bihagije kugira ngo umukinnyi atsinde. Ahanini byaterwaga n’ukuntu umukinnyi yabyifatagamo, n’uburyo yitangiraga gukora imyitozo. Yagombaga gukurikiza gahunda itagoragozwa, kuko imyitozo yabaga ikubiyemo kwirinda ibintu bimwe na bimwe, no gukurikiza amategeko runaka mu byerekeye imirire. Umusizi witwa Horace wo mu kinyejana cya mbere M.I.C. yavuze ko abajyaga mu irushanwa “birindaga kuryamana n’abagore no kunywa inzoga” kugira ngo “bagere ku cyo baharaniraga.” Kandi dukurikije uko umuhanga mu byerekeye Bibiliya witwa F. C. Cook yabivuze, abarushanwaga mu mikino bagombaga ‘kwirinda mu birebana n’imirire kandi bakarya ibiryo bike gusa byubaka umubiri, mu gihe cy’amezi icumi.’

Pawulo yakoresheje urwo rugero igihe yandikiraga Abakristo b’i Korinto, umujyi wari uzwimo ibyerekeranye n’imikino yaberaga hafi y’aho. Yagize ati “umuntu wese urushanwa yirinda muri byose” (1 Abakorinto 9:25). Abakristo b’ukuri birinda imico yanduye iranga abantu bo muri iyi si, kwiruka inyuma y’ubutunzi n’ubwiyandarike (Abefeso 5:3-5; 1 Yohana 2:15-17). Tugomba kwiyambura imico mibi irangwa no kutubaha Imana kandi icirwaho iteka n’Ibyanditswe, maze tukayisimbuza imico nk’iya Kristo.—Abakolosayi 3:9, 10, 12.

Ni gute ibyo twabikora? Mbere na mbere, zirikana igisubizo Pawulo yatanze binyuriye ku rugero rushishikaje yatanze agira ati “mbabaza umubiri wanjye, nywukoza uburetwa, ngo ahari, ubwo maze kubwiriza abandi, nanjye ubwanjye ntaboneka ko ntemewe.”—1 Abakorinto 9:27.

Mbega ikintu gikomeye Pawulo yatsindagirije aha ngaha! Ntiyarimo adutera inkunga yo kubabaza umubiri. Ahubwo, yemeye ko yari afite intambara yarwanaga muri we imbere. Hari ubwo yakoraga ibintu atifuzaga gukora, ubundi akananirwa gukora ibyo yifuzaga gukora. Ariko kandi, yarahatanaga kugira ngo intege nke z’umubiri zitamutegeka. ‘Yababazaga umubiri we,’ akarwana kugira ngo ategeke irari rye ry’umubiri na kamere yo kudatungana.—Abaroma 7:21-25.

Natwe Abakristo twese tugomba kubigenza dutyo. Pawulo yavuze ukuntu abantu bamwe b’i Korinto bagize ihinduka, kuko bari barahoze ari abasambanyi, abasenga ibishushanyo, abantu baryamana n’abo bahuje ibitsina, abajura n’ibindi. Ni iki cyatumye bashobora kugira ihinduka? Byatewe n’imbaraga z’Ijambo ry’Imana n’umwuka wera, hamwe n’icyemezo bafashe cyo guhuza n’ibyo ryabasabaga. Pawulo yagize ati ‘ariko mwaruhagiwe, mwarejejwe, mwatsindishirijwe n’umwuka w’Imana yacu mu izina ry’Umwami Yesu Kristo’ (1 Abakorinto 6:9-11). Petero na  we yanditse ku bihereranye n’abantu baretse ingeso mbi nk’izo. Abo Bakristo bose bari baragize ihinduka rigaragara.—1 Petero 4:3, 4.

Imihati igamije ibyiza

Pawulo yatanze urugero rugaragaza ko yerekezaga ibitekerezo bye ku bintu by’umwuka nta gukebakeba. Yagize ati “nkubitana ibipfunsi, ariko si nk’uhusha” (1 Abakorinto 9:26). Ni gute umukinnyi wabaga uri mu irushanwa yateraga ikofe? Igitabo kimwe gisubiza kigira kiti “ntiyasabwaga kuriterana imbaraga nyinshi gusa, ahubwo yagombaga no gushishoza akamenya ingusho y’uwo barwana. Mu mashuri yigishaga ibyo gukirana na ho bigaga ubuhanga bwo gusatira uwo urwana na we, n’ukuntu wahita umunesha.”—The Life of the Greeks and Romans.

Umubiri wacu udatunganye ni kimwe mu bintu turwana na byo. Mbese, twaba twaratahuye “ingusho” yacu iyo ari yo? Mbese, twifuza kwibona nk’uko abandi batubona, cyane cyane nk’uko Satani atubona? Ibyo bisaba ko twisuzuma nta buryarya kandi tukemera kugira ihinduka. Biroroshye ko twakwishuka (Yakobo 1:22). Dushobora kwihagararaho dushaka kumvisha abandi ko igikorwa kibi twakoze cyari gifite ishingiro (1 Samweli 15:13-15, 20, 21). Ibyo byaba ari ‘uguhusha.’

Muri iyi minsi y’imperuka, abashaka gushimisha Yehova no kuzabona ubuzima ntibagombye kujijinganya mu gushyira itandukaniro hagati y’icyiza n’ikibi, hagati y’itorero ry’Imana n’isi yononekaye. Bagomba kwirinda kuba mu rungabangabo, kugira ‘imitima ibiri, kunamuka mu nzira zabo zose’ (Yakobo 1:8). Ntibagombye gupfusha ubusa imbaraga zabo biruka ku bintu bitagira umumaro. Nidukomeza kugenda dutyo tudakebakeba, tuzagira ibyishimo kandi ‘kujya mbere kwacu kuzagaragarira bose.’—1 Timoteyo 4:15.

Ni koko, isiganwa rya Gikristo riracyakomeza. Mu buryo bwuje urukundo, Umutoza wacu Mukuru Yehova aratwigisha akaduha n’ubufasha dukeneye kugira ngo dukomeze kwihangana kandi tuzatsinde (Yesaya 48:17). Kimwe n’abakinnyi ba kera, natwe twagombye kumenya kwicyaha, kwirinda no kudakebakeba mu ntambara turwana yo kwizera. Imihati yacu yo gukora ibyiza izagororerwa mu buryo busesuye.—Abaheburayo 11:6.

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‘Bamusige amavuta’

Kimwe mu bintu byari bigize imyitozo abantu bajyaga mu isiganwa ryo kwiruka mu Bugiriki bwa kera bakoraga, cyakorwaga n’umuntu wasigaga abandi amavuta. Umurimo we wari uwo gusiga amavuta abantu babaga bagiye kwitoza. Abatoza b’abakinnyi “baje gusanga ko gukandakanda imitsi bikozwe n’umuntu w’umuhanga mbere yo kwitoza byagiraga ingaruka nziza, kandi ko gukandakanda umubiri witonze kandi buhoro buhoro byatumaga umuntu umaze umwanya yitoza ahita agarura ubuyanja kandi ntatinde gutora agatege.”—The Olympic Games in Ancient Greece.

Kimwe n’uko amavuta nyamavuta ashobora kubobeza umubiri kandi akomora, iyo Umukristo “uri mu isiganwa” waguye agacuho ashyira mu bikorwa Ijambo ry’Imana, rishobora kumuhana, rikamuhumuriza kandi rikamukiza. Ku bw’ibyo, abakuru b’itorero basabwa gusenga basabira bene uwo muntu bayobowe na Yehova, mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo ‘bakamusiga amavuta mu izina ry’Umwami,’ icyo kikaba ari ikintu cy’ingenzi kugira ngo akire mu buryo bw’umwuka.—Yakobo 5:13-15; Zaburi 141:5.

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Nyuma yo gutamba igitambo, abakinnyi barahiraga bemeza ko bahawe imyitozo mu gihe cy’amezi icumi

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Musée du Louvre, Paris

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Copyright British Museum