Ntimukirengagize guteranira hamwe

Ibyanditswe bigira biti “twe kwirengagiza guteranira hamwe, nk’uko bamwe bajya bagira, ahubwo duhugurane, kandi uko mubonye urya munsi wegera, mube ariko murushaho kugenza mutyo” (Abaheburayo 10:25). Birumvikana ko abasenga by’ukuri bagomba kugira ahantu ho gusengera bateranira kugira ngo ‘bazirikanane, banaterane ishyaka ryo gukundana n’iry’imirimo myiza.’​—Abaheburayo 10:24.

IGIHE intumwa Pawulo yandikaga ayo magambo mu kinyejana cya mbere Igihe Cyacu, Abayahudi bari bafite urusengero ruhambaye basengeragamo i Yerusalemu. Hariho n’amasinagogi. Yesu ‘yigishirizaga mu masinagogi no mu rusengero, aho Abayuda bose bateraniraga.’​—Yohana 18:20.

Igihe Pawulo yagiraga Abakristo inama yo guteranira hamwe kugira ngo baterane ishyaka, ni ahantu hameze hate yavugaga ko bagombaga guteranira? Mbese, insengero zihambaye z’amadini avuga ko yemera Kristo zifite aho zihuriye n’urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu? Ni ryari abiyita Abakristo batangiye kujya bubaka amazu ahambaye yo gusengeramo?

‘Inzu yubakiwe izina [ry’Imana]’

Amabwiriza yatanzwe bwa mbere ahereranye no kubaka ahantu ho gusengera Imana aboneka mu gitabo cya Bibiliya cyo Kuva. Yehova Imana yasabye ubwoko bwe bwatoranyijwe, ni ukuvuga Abisirayeli, ko bubaka “ubuturo” cyangwa “ihema ry’ibonaniro.” Ni ho hagombaga kubikwa  isanduku y’isezerano n’ibikoresho byayo byera. Igihe bwarangiraga kubakwa mu mwaka wa 1512 M.I.C., ‘ubwiza bw’Uwiteka burabagirana bwuzuye ubwo buturo.’ Iryo hema bimukanaga ni ikintu cy’ingenzi Imana yari yarateganyije kugira ngo Abisirayeli bashobore kuyegera, mu gihe gisaga ibinyejana bine (Kuva, igice cya 25-27; 40:33-38). Nanone Bibiliya yerekeza kuri iryo hema ivuga ko ari “urusengero rw’Uwiteka,” n’ ‘inzu y’Uwiteka.’—1 Samweli 1:9, 24.

Nyuma y’aho, igihe Dawidi yari umwami i Yerusalemu, yagaragaje ko yari afite icyifuzo gikomeye cyo kubaka inzu ihoraho ku bw’ikuzo rya Yehova. Ariko kubera ko yarwanye intambara nyinshi, Yehova yaramubwiye ati “ntuzubakira izina ryanjye inzu.” Ahubwo, yahisemo umuhungu wa Dawidi, ari we Salomo, kugira ngo abe ari we umwubakira urusengero (1 Ngoma 22:6-10). Salomo yatashye urwo rusengero mu mwaka wa 1026 M.I.C., hashize imyaka irindwi n’igice barwubaka. Yehova yishimiye iyo nzu agira ati “nereje iyi nzu wubatse, kugira ngo izina ryanjye riyibemo iteka ryose; kandi amaso yanjye n’umutima wanjye bizayihoraho iminsi yose” (1 Abami 9:3). Igihe cyose Abisirayeli bari gukomeza kuba indahemuka, Yehova yari kwita kuri iyo nzu. Ariko kandi, mu gihe bari guhindukira bakareka gukora ibyiza, Yehova yari guta iyo nzu, ‘uyinyuzeho wese agatangara akimyoza’ kuko yari kuba yarahindutse umusaka.—1 Abami 9:4-9; 2 Ngoma 7:16, 19, 20.

Nyuma y’igihe runaka, Abisirayeli bateye umugongo ugusenga k’ukuri (2 Abami 21:1-5). ‘Ni cyo cyatumye [Yehova] abateza umwami w’Abakaludaya, batwika inzu y’Imana, basenya inkike z’i Yerusalemu, batwika inyumba zaho, barimbura ibintu byaho byiza byose. Abacitse ku icumu, Nebukadinezari abajyana i Babuloni, bahinduka imbata ze n’iz’abahungu be.’ Dukurikije uko Bibiliya ibivuga, ibyo byabaye mu mwaka wa 607 M.I.C.—2 Ngoma 36:15-21; Yeremiya 52:12-14.

Nk’uko umuhanuzi Yesaya yari yarabihanuye, Imana yahagurukije Umwami Kuro w’u Buperesi kugira ngo avane Abayahudi mu bubata bwa Babuloni (Yesaya 45:1). Nyuma y’imyaka 70 bamaze bari mu bunyage, baje gusubira i Yerusalemu mu mwaka wa 537 M.I.C. kugira ngo bongere kubaka urusengero (Ezira 1:1-6; 2:1, 2; Yeremiya 29:10). Nubwo imirimo y’ubwubatsi yabanje guhagarara, amaherezo urusengero rwaje kurangira mu mwaka wa 515 M.I.C., gahunda yo gusenga Imana mu buryo butanduye yongera gusubizwaho. Nubwo urwo rusengero rutari rufite ikuzo nk’iry’urusengero rwa Salomo, rwamaze imyaka hafi 600. Ariko na rwo rwarangiritse bitewe n’uko Abisirayeli bateye umugongo gahunda yo gusenga Yehova. Igihe Yesu Kristo yazaga ku isi, Umwami Herode yari yaratangiye kongera kubaka urwo rusengero. Byari kuzarugendekera bite?

‘Ntihazasigara ibuye rigeretse ku rindi’

Yesu yabwiye abigishwa be ibihereranye n’urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu agira ati ‘ntihazasigara ibuye rigeretse ku rindi ritajugunywe hasi’ (Matayo 24:1, 2). Mu buryo buhuje n’ayo magambo, urwo rusengero rwamaze ibinyejana byinshi ruhagarariye gahunda yo gusenga Imana, rwarimbuwe mu mwaka wa 70 I.C., rurimburwa n’ingabo z’Abaroma zari zaje guhosha imyivumbagatanyo y’Abayahudi. * Urwo rusengero ntirwongeye kubakwa ukundi. Mu kinyejana cya karindwi, Abisilamu bahubatse urusengero rwitwa le Dôme du Rocher, kandi na n’ubu ruracyari aho  hantu hahoze ari urusengero rw’Abayahudi.

None se, ni iyihe gahunda abigishwa ba Yesu bari kujya bakurikiza mu bihereranye no gusenga? Mbese, Abayahudi b’Abakristo ba mbere bari gukomeza gusengera Imana mu rusengero rwari hafi kurimburwa? Ni hehe Abakristo batari Abayahudi bari kujya basengera Imana? Mbese, insengero z’amadini yiyita aya Gikristo ni zo zari gusimbura urwo rusengero? Ikiganiro Yesu yagiranye n’umugore w’Umusamariyakazi gituma dusobanukirwa ibyo bintu.

Mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi, Abasamariya basengeraga Imana mu rusengero runini cyane rwari rwubatswe ku Musozi Gerizimu i Samariya. Uwo mugore w’Umusamariyakazi yabwiye Yesu ati “ba sogokuruza bacu basengeraga kuri uyu musozi: namwe mukagira ngo i Yerusalemu ni ho hakwiriye gusengerwa.” Yesu yaramushubije ati “mugore, nyizera, igihe kizaza ubwo bazaba batagisengera Data kuri uyu musozi cyangwa i Yerusalemu.” Gusengera Yehova muri izo nsengero ntibyari bikiri ngombwa, kuko Yesu yagize ati ‘Imana ni umwuka; n’abayisenga bakwiriye kuyisengera mu mwuka no mu kuri’ (Yohana 4:20, 21, 24). Nyuma y’aho, intumwa Pawulo yabwiye Abanyatenayi ati “Imana yaremye isi n’ibiyirimo byose, Iyo kuko ari yo Mwami w’ijuru n’isi, ntiba mu nsengero zubatswe n’abantu.”—Ibyakozwe 17:24.

Uko bigaragara, nta sano iryo ari ryo ryose riri hagati y’insengero z’amadini yiyita aya Gikristo na gahunda ihereranye n’urusengero yo mu gihe cya mbere y’Ubukristo. Kandi nta mpamvu iyo ari yo yose Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bari bafite yo kubaka insengero nk’izo. Ariko aho intumwa zimariye gupfa, nk’uko byari byarahanuwe, habayeho ibyo gutandukira inyigisho z’ukuri, ni ukuvuga ubuhakanyi (Ibyakozwe 20:29, 30). Imyaka myinshi mbere y’uko Umwami w’Abaroma Konsitantino ahindukirira Ubukristo bya nyirarureshwa mu mwaka wa 313 I.C., abiyitaga Abakristo batangiye kujya batandukira inyigisho za Yesu.

Konsitantino yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kuvanga “Ubukristo” n’idini rya gipagani ry’Abaroma. Igitabo kimwe cyagize kiti ‘Konsitantino ubwe yategetse ko i Roma hubakwa za kiliziya eshatu nini cyane za Gikristo: kiliziya yitiriwe Mutagatifu Petero, iyitiriwe Mutagatifu Pawulo n’iyitiriwe Mutagatifu Yohani w’i Latran. Yakoze igishushanyo mbonera gifite ishusho y’umusaraba cyagiye gikurikizwa mu myubakire ya za kiliziya zo mu Burayi bw’i Burengerazuba, mu Bihe Rwagati’ (The Encyclopædia Britannica). Na n’ubu, Kiliziya yongeye kubakwa yitiriwe Mutagatifu Petero y’i Roma ibonwa ko ari yo ikomeye mu zindi zose za Kiliziya Gatolika.

Umuhanga mu by’amateka witwa Will Durant yagize ati “Kiliziya yadukanye imigenzo n’imisengere yakurikizwaga n’Abaroma [b’abapagani] ba mbere y’Ubukristo.” Ibyo byari bikubiyemo “kubaka za kiliziya zihambaye cyane.” Kuva mu kinyejana cya 10 kugeza mu cya 15, bubakaga insengero na za katedarali nyinshi cyane, icyo gihe bakaba barubakaga amazu y’akataraboneka. Icyo gihe ni bwo amadini yiyita aya Gikristo yubatse inyinshi mu nsengero zayo ubu zahindutse amazu y’urwibutso y’iby’ubugeni.

Mbese, abantu barahumurizwa kandi bagaterwa inkunga mu buryo bw’umwuka igihe cyose bagiye mu rusengero? Uwitwa Francisco wo muri Brezili yagize ati “kujya mu kiliziya byarananizaga kurusha ibindi byose bihereranye n’idini. Umuhango wa misa nta reme wabaga ufite, kuko basubiragamo ibintu gusa ntibigire ikintu bimarira. Iyo twarangizaga, numvaga  nduhutse.” Nyamara kandi, abasenga by’ukuri basabwa guteranira hamwe. Ni iyihe gahunda amateraniro yagombye gukurikiza?

“Itorero ryo mu rugo rwabo”

Gusuzuma ukuntu abizera bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bateranaga biha Abakristo icyitegererezo bagomba gukurikiza mu guteranira hamwe. Ibyanditswe bigaragaza ko ubusanzwe bateraniraga mu ngo z’abavandimwe. Urugero, intumwa Pawulo yaranditse ati ‘muntahirize Purisikila na Akwila, bakoranye nanjye muri Kristo Yesu, muntahirize Itorero ryo mu rugo rwabo’ (Abaroma 16:3, 5; Abakolosayi 4:15; Filemoni 2). Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryahinduwemo “itorero” (ek·kle·siʹa) rihindurwamo “kiliziya” muri Bibiliya zimwe na zimwe, urugero nko muri Bibiliya Ntagatifu. Nyamara kandi, iryo jambo ntiryerekeza ku nyubako, ahubwo ryerekeza ku itsinda ry’abantu bateraniye hamwe bahuje umugambi (Ibyakozwe 8:1; 13:1). Gahunda yo gusenga y’Abakristo b’ukuri ntisaba ko bagira insengero zihambaye.

Ni gute amateraniro yakorwaga mu matorero ya Gikristo ya mbere? Umwigishwa Yakobo yerekeje ku iteraniro rya Gikristo akoresheje ijambo rituruka ku ry’Ikigiriki sy·na·go·geʹ (Yakobo 2:2). Iryo jambo ry’Ikigiriki risobanura “guteranyiriza hamwe,” kandi rigenda rihinduranywa n’ijambo ek·kle·siʹa. Nyuma y’igihe ariko, ijambo “isinagogi” ryaje kwerekezwa ku nzu babaga bateraniyemo. Abayahudi b’Abakristo ba mbere bari basanzwe bazi ibyaberaga mu isinagogi. *

Abayahudi bajyaga guteranira mu rusengero rw’i Yerusalemu mu gihe cy’iminsi mikuru yabo yabaga buri mwaka, naho mu masinagogi y’iwabo bakajyayo bajyanywe no kwiga ibyerekeye Yehova n’ibihereranye n’Amategeko. Mu bintu bitandukanye byakorerwaga mu masinagogi hari hakubiyemo gusenga no gusoma Ibyanditswe, kungurana ibitekerezo ku bihereranye n’Ibyanditswe no guhugurana. Igihe Pawulo n’abandi bari kumwe na we bajyaga mu isinagogi yo muri Antiyokiya, ‘abakuru b’isinagogi babatumyeho bati “bagabo bene Data, niba mufite amagambo yo guhugura abantu, nimuyatubwire” ’ (Ibyakozwe 13:15). Mu gihe Abayahudi b’Abakristo ba mbere bateraniraga mu ngo z’abavandimwe, nta gushidikanya ko  bakurikizaga ubwo buryo, mu materaniro yabo bakahigira ibintu byinshi bishingiye ku Byanditswe kandi byubaka.

Amatorero yo guterana inkunga

Kimwe n’Abakristo ba mbere, Abahamya ba Yehova bo muri iki gihe bateranira ahantu ho gusengera haciriritse kugira ngo bigishwe Bibiliya kandi basabane n’abandi. Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, bagiye bateranira mu ngo z’abavandimwe, kandi na n’ubu hari aho bakibikora. Muri iki gihe ariko, hari amatorero asaga 90.000, aho amateraniro abera hakaba hitwa Inzu y’Ubwami. Si amazu ahambaye cyangwa ameze nka kiliziya. Yubatswe mu buryo bukwiriye kandi buciriritse, ku buryo ashobora guteraniramo amatorero agizwe n’abantu 100 kugeza kuri 200, baterana buri cyumweru kugira ngo bige Ijambo ry’Imana.

Amatorero menshi y’Abahamya ba Yehova aterana gatatu mu cyumweru. Rimwe muri ayo materaniro ni disikuru mbwirwaruhame yibanda ku ngingo zishishikaza abantu bo muri iki gihe. Hakurikiraho icyigisho gishingiye ku ngingo runaka yo muri Bibiliya cyangwa ubuhanuzi, isuzumwa hifashishijwe Umunara w’Umurinzi. Irindi teraniro ni ishuri ritoza abantu gutangaza ubutumwa bwo muri Bibiliya mu buryo bukwiriye. Hakurikiraho iteraniro ryagenewe cyane cyane gutanga amabwiriza afatika ahereranye n’umurimo wo kubwiriza. Nanone Abahamya baterana rimwe mu cyumweru kugira ngo bige Bibiliya bari mu matsinda mato ateranira mu ngo z’abavandimwe. Abantu bose bahabwa ikaze muri ayo materaniro kandi nta maturo yakwa.

Francisco, wa wundi twavuze mbere, yabonye ko amateraniro abera mu Nzu y’Ubwami ari ingirakamaro cyane. Yagize ati “ahantu nateraniye bwa mbere ni mu nzu nziza yubatswe mu mujyi rwagati, kandi nahavuye nshimishijwe n’ibyo nahabonye. Abantu bari bafite urugwiro, kandi ubwanjye niboneye ko bakundana koko. Nahoraga mfite amashyushyu yo kujyayo. Uhereye icyo gihe, sinigeze nsiba amateraniro. Ayo materaniro ya Gikristo aranshishikaza kandi akanyubaka mu buryo bw’umwuka. Yemwe n’igihe mba numva nacitse intege ku bw’impamvu runaka, njya ku Nzu y’Ubwami nizeye ko ndi butahe nafashijwe.”

Nujya mu materaniro ya Gikristo y’Abahamya ba Yehova, uzungukirwa n’inyigisho zishingiye kuri Bibiliya, uzahabona incuti nziza kandi bizaguha uburyo bwo gusingiza Imana. Twishimiye kugutumira mu materaniro abera mu Nzu y’Ubwami iri hafi y’iwanyu. Nujyayo uzishima cyane.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 4 n’iya 5]

Ubuturo bwaje gusimburwa n’izi nsengero, byari bihagarariye gahunda yo gusenga Yehova

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 6]

Kiliziya yitiriwe Mutagatifu Petero y’i Roma

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 7]

Abakristo ba mbere bateraniraga mu ngo z’abavandimwe

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 8 n’iya 9]

Abahamya ba Yehova bagira amateraniro ya Gikristo mu ngo z’abavandimwe no mu Mazu y’Ubwami