Gutanga bihesha ibyishimo

UWITWA Genival utuye mu mujyi ukennye uri mu majyaruguru y’uburasirazuba bwa Brezili yakoraga akazi k’ubuzamu ku bitaro, agatunga umugore n’abana mu dufaranga duke yahembwaga. Nubwo Genival yari akennye, yatangaga kimwe cya cumi abikuye ku mutima. Yavuze yifashe mu nda ati “rimwe na rimwe umuryango wanjye warasonzaga, ariko nifuzaga guha Imana ibyiza cyane kuruta ibindi byose, uko ibyo nari kwigomwa byari kuba bingana kose.”

Nubwo Genival yatakaje akazi ke, yakomeje gutanga umugabane we wa kimwe cya cumi. Umuyobozi w’idini yamusabye kugerageza Imana atanga impano itubutse. Uwo muyobozi yamwijeje ko Imana yari kumusukaho imigisha. Ni yo mpamvu Genival yiyemeje kugurisha inzu ye, amafaranga avuyemo akayatanga mu idini.

Genival si we wenyine ufite umutima nk’uwo wo gutanga nta buryarya. Abantu benshi bakennye cyane bumva ko bagomba gutanga kimwe cya cumi kuko amadini yabo abigisha ko ari itegeko rya Bibiliya. Mbese, ibyo ni ukuri?

Gutanga kimwe cya cumi n’Amategeko

Itegeko ryo gutanga kimwe cya cumi ryari rikubiye mu Mategeko Yehova Imana yahaye imiryango 12 ya Isirayeli ya kera, ubu hashize imyaka isaga 3.500. Iryo Tegeko ryavugaga ko abo mu muryango wa Lewi bagombaga guhabwa kimwe cya cumi cy’ibimera mu butaka n’icy’imbuto zo ku biti n’icy’amashyo, mu buryo bwo gushyigikira imirimo bakoraga mu buturo.—Abalewi 27:30, 32; Kubara 18:21, 24.

Yehova yijeje Abisirayeli ko ayo Mategeko ‘atari kubananira’ (Gutegeka 30:11). Yabasezeranyije ko bari kugira umusaruro mwinshi, igihe cyose bari gukomeza kumvira amategeko ye ari abizerwa, hakubiyemo n’itegeko ryo gutanga kimwe cya cumi. Kandi buri mwaka hari umugabane wa kimwe cya cumi bashyiraga ku ruhande kugira ngo hatabaho gusonza, ubusanzwe wakoreshwaga igihe iryo shyanga ryakoraniraga hamwe kugira ngo bizihize iminsi mikuru yaryo ihereranye n’idini. Bityo ‘umusuhuke w’umunyamahanga n’imfubyi n’umupfakazi’ bari kurya bagahaga.—Gutegeka 14:28, 29; 28:1, 2, 11-14.

Nta gihano icyo ari cyo cyose Amategeko yateganyirizaga umuntu utaratangaga kimwe cya cumi, ariko buri Mwisirayeli wese yumvaga agomba kugitanga kugira ngo ashyigikire ugusenga k’ukuri. Mu by’ukuri, Yehova yabwiye Abisirayeli bo mu gihe cya Malaki bangaga gutanga kimwe cya cumi ko ‘bamwimye imigabane ya kimwe mu icumi n’amaturo’ (Malaki 3:8). Mbese, ayo magambo ashobora kwerekezwa ku Bakristo badatanga kimwe cya cumi?

Tekereza gato. Amategeko akurikizwa mu gihugu runaka ubusanzwe nta gaciro agira iyo ugiye mu kindi gihugu. Urugero, amategeko yo mu Bwongereza asaba ko abashoferi batwarira ibumoso ntareba abashoferi bo mu Bufaransa. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, itegeko ryasabaga gutanga kimwe cya cumi ryari rikubiye mu isezerano ryihariye Imana yagiranye n’ishyanga rya Isirayeli (Kuva 19:3-8; Zaburi 147:19, 20). Iryo tegeko ryarebaga Abisirayeli bonyine.

Ikindi kandi, nubwo Imana itigera ihinduka, ibyo idusaba hari ubwo bijya bihinduka (Malaki 3:6). Bibiliya ivuga mu buryo bweruye ko urupfu rw’igitambo rwa Yesu rwabaye mu mwaka wa 33 I.C., ‘rwahanaguyeho’ cyangwa ‘rwakuyeho’ Amategeko, hakubiyemo n’‘itegeko rya kimwe mu icumi.’—Abakolosayi 2:13, 14; Abefeso 2:13-15; Abaheburayo 7:5, 18.

Abakristo baratanga

Impano zo gushyigikira ugusenga k’ukuri zakomeje gukenerwa. Yesu yari yarategetse abigishwa be ‘guhamya kugeza ku mpera y’isi’ (Ibyakozwe 1:8). Uko umubare w’abizera wagendaga  wiyongera, ni na ko habaga hakenewe abigisha b’Abakristo n’abagenzuzi basura kandi bagakomeza amatorero. Abapfakazi, imfubyi n’abandi bantu babaga bakeneye ubufasha bagombaga kujya bitabwaho. Ni hehe Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bavanaga amafaranga yo gukoresha muri ibyo bintu byose?

Ahagana mu mwaka wa 55 I.C., Abakristo b’Abanyamahanga bo mu Burayi no muri Aziya Ntoya basabwe gufasha abo mu itorero ry’i Yudaya bari bakennye. Mu nzandiko intumwa Pawulo yandikiye itorero ry’i Korinto, yavuze ukuntu uko ‘gusonzoranyiriza abera impiya’ kwari gukorwa (1 Abakorinto 16:1). Ushobora gutangazwa n’icyo amagambo ya Pawulo ahishura ku bihereranye n’ukuntu Abakristo batanga impano.

Intumwa Pawulo ntiyingingiye bagenzi be b’abizera gutanga. Mu by’ukuri, Abakristo b’i Makedoniya bari mu ‘makuba menshi’ no mu ‘bukene bwinshi,’ ariko bakomeje ‘kumwinginga cyane kugira ngo yakire ubuntu bwabo batanze, babone uko bafatanya umurimo wo gukenura abera.’—2 Abakorinto 8:1-4.

Ni iby’ukuri ko Pawulo yateye inkunga Abakorinto bari bifite kugira ngo bigane urugero rw’abavandimwe babo b’i Makedoniya bagaragaje ubuntu. Igitabo kimwe kivuga ko nubwo byari bimeze bityo, ‘yanze kubigira itegeko, ahubwo yarabibasabye, arabibabwira, abibateramo inkunga. Iyo Abakorinto baza guhatirwa gutanga, ntibari kuba batanze ku bushake kandi babyishimiye.’ Pawulo yari azi ko “Imana ikunda utanga anezerewe,” atari umuntu utanga ‘yinuba kandi ahatwa.’—2 Abakorinto 9:7.

Ukwizera gukomeye n’ubumenyi bwimbitse Abakorinto bari bafite, kimwe n’urukundo rutaryarya bakundaga Abakristo bagenzi babo byari kubasunikira gutanga babikunze.—2 Abakorinto 8:7, 8.

‘Nk’uko abigambiriye mu mutima we’

Aho kugira ngo Pawulo yemeze umubare w’amafaranga yagombaga gutangwa, we yarivugiye gusa ati ‘ku wa mbere wa buri cyumweru, buri muntu wese ajye agira icyo azigama akurikije amikoro ye’ (1 Abakorinto 16:2, Inkuru Nziza ku Muntu Wese). Mu kugena no kuzigama amafaranga runaka bagombaga gutanga buri gihe, Abakorinto ntibari kumva bahatiwe gutanga cyangwa ngo batange batabyiteguye, igihe Pawulo yari kuba aje. Buri Mukristo wese yagombaga kwiyemeza ku giti cye umubare w’amafaranga yari gutanga, nk’uko yari kuba “abigambiriye mu mutima we.”—2 Abakorinto 9:5, 7.

Kugira ngo Abakorinto basarure byinshi, bagombaga kubiba byinshi. Nta wigeze ababwira ngo ‘batange bikokoye.’ Pawulo yarababwiye ati ‘simvugiye ntyo kugira ngo murushywe.’ Iyo umuntu yemeraga gutanga impano ‘akurikije ibyo afite, ibyo byabaga bihagije; nta wukwiriye gutanga ibyo adafite’ (2 Abakorinto 8:12, 13; 9:6). Mu rwandiko iyo ntumwa yanditse nyuma y’aho, yagize iti ‘niba umuntu adatunga abo mu rugo rwe, aba yihakanye ibyizerwa, kandi aba abaye mubi hanyuma y’utizera’ (1 Timoteyo 5:8). Pawulo ntiyateye abantu inkunga yo kurenga kuri iryo hame ngo ni ukugira ngo bakunde batange.

 Ni iby’ingenzi kuba Pawulo yarahagarariye ibyo “gusonzoranyiriza abera impiya,” bo bari bakeneye ubufasha. Ibyanditswe ntibivuga ko Pawulo cyangwa izindi ntumwa bategetse ko hatangwa amaturo cyangwa kimwe cya cumi cyo gushyigikira umurimo wabo (Ibyakozwe 3:6). Pawulo yirindaga rwose ‘kuremerera’ abavandimwe be, buri gihe akaba yarashimiraga ku bw’impano amatorero yamwohererezaga.—1 Abatesalonike 2:9; Abafilipi 4:15-18.

Imfashanyo zitangwa ku bushake muri iki gihe

Biragaragara neza ko abigishwa ba Kristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere batatangaga kimwe cya cumi, ahubwo batangaga imfashanyo ku bushake. Ariko wenda ushobora kwibaza niba na n’ubu ubwo buryo ari bwo bugikoreshwa mu guteza imbere umurimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza no kwita ku Bakristo baba bakeneye ubufasha.

Reka turebe ibi bikurikira. Mu mwaka wa 1879, abanditsi b’iyi gazeti bavuze mu buryo bweruye ko batari “kuzigera basaba cyangwa ngo bingingire abantu kubafasha.” None se, ibyo byaba byaratumye imihati y’Abahamya ba Yehova yo kwamamaza ukuri kwa Bibiliya itagira icyo igeraho?

Muri iki gihe, Abahamya batanga za Bibiliya, ibitabo bya Gikristo n’ibindi bitabo, mu bihugu 235. Igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi itanga inyigisho zishingiye kuri Bibiliya yatangiye kwandikwa ari kopi 6.000, mu rurimi rumwe gusa. None ubu iyo gazeti isohoka kabiri mu kwezi ari kopi zisaga 24.000.000 mu ndimi 146. Abahamya bubatse cyangwa bagura amazu agize amashami mu bihugu 110, kugira ngo bashyire kuri gahunda umurimo wo kwigisha Bibiliya mu rwego rw’isi yose. Banubatse amazu yo guteraniramo abarirwa mu bihumbi, n’amazu manini y’amakoraniro kugira ngo abishimira kwiga Bibiliya babone aho bajya bicara.

Nubwo intego y’ibanze y’Abahamya ba Yehova ari iyo kwita ku bintu by’umwuka abantu bakenera, ntibirengagiza ibintu by’umubiri biba bikenewe n’abo bahuje ukwizera. Iyo abavandimwe babo bagezweho n’intambara, imitingito, amapfa cyangwa inkubi y’umuyaga, bihutira  kubagezaho imiti, ibyokurya, imyambaro n’ibindi baba bakeneye. Ibyo bituruka ku mpano zitangwa n’Abakristo ku giti cyabo no mu rwego rw’amatorero.

Gutanga impano ku bushake ni byiza, kandi byorohereza abafite amikoro make, nka Genival twavuze tugitangira. Igishimishije ariko, mbere y’uko agurisha inzu ye yaje gusurwa na Maria, umubwiriza w’igihe cyose w’Umuhamya wa Yehova. Genival yagize ati “ikiganiro twagiranye cyatumye umuryango wanjye wivana mu bibazo byinshi bitari ngombwa.”

Genival yaje kumenya ko umurimo w’Umwami udashingiye ku gutanga kimwe cya cumi. Ni koko, ubu Ibyanditswe ntibidusaba gutanga kimwe cya cumi. Yasobanukiwe ko Abakristo bahabwa imigisha iyo batanze batitangiriye itama, ariko ko badasabwa gutanga ibirenze ibyo bashobora kubona.

Gutanga imfashanyo ku bushake byatumye Genival agira ibyishimo nyakuri. Yabigaragaje agira ati “nshobora gutanga kimwe cya cumi cyangwa sinshobore kugitanga, ariko impano yose ntanga ndayishimira, kandi nzi neza ko Yehova na we ayishimira.”

[Agasanduku/Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 6]

Mbese, abakuru ba Kiliziya ba mbere bigishaga ibihereranye no gutanga kimwe cya cumi?

“Abakire bo muri twe bafashe abakene . . . Uwifite wese akaba afite n’ubushake atange ibyo abona ko bikwiriye.”—The First Apology, cyanditswe na Justin Martyr ahagana mu mwaka wa 150 I.C.

“Abayahudi beguriraga Imana kimwe cya cumi cy’ibyo babaga batunze, ariko Abakristo bo bakoresha ubutunzi bwabo bwose ku bw’imigambi y’Umwami, . . . kimwe na wa mupfakazi w’umukene washyize mu isanduku y’Imana ibyo yari afite byose.”—Against Heresies, cyanditswe na Irénée ahagana mu mwaka wa 180 I.C.

‘Nubwo dufite agasanduku k’amaturo, ntidushyiramo amafaranga yo kugura agakiza, nk’aho hari idini rikagurisha. Umuntu wese ajye agira impano iciriritse ashyiramo buri kwezi; ariko abikore ku bushake bwe, no mu gihe gusa abishoboye: kuko nta gahato karimo; byose bikorwe ku bushake.’—Apology, cyanditswe na Tertullien ahagana mu mwaka wa 197 I.C.

“Igihe Kiliziya yagendaga yaguka n’imiryango inyuranye ikagenda ishingwa, byabaye ngombwa ko hajyaho amategeko yari gutuma abayobozi b’idini babona amafaranga yo gukoresha. Bemeje ko hajya hatangwa kimwe cya cumi bishingikirije ku Isezerano rya Kera . . . Itegeko rya mbere na mbere ryabyemezaga rishobora kuba ryari rikubiye mu rwandiko rwashyizweho umukono n’abepisikopi bari bateraniye mu mujyi wa Tours mu mwaka wa 567, no mu mategeko yemejwe mu Nama yabereye mu mujyi wa Mâcon mu mwaka wa 585.”—The Catholic Encyclopedia.

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Igiceri, haruguru ahagana ibumoso: Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 4 n’iya 5]

Gutanga ku bushake bitera ibyishimo

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 7]

Impano zitanzwe ku bushake zifasha mu guteza imbere umurimo wo kubwiriza, gutabara abagwiririwe n’akaga no kubaka amazu yo guteraniramo