Babaye indahemuka kandi barashikama mu gihe cyahise no muri iki gihe

Mu majyepfo ya Polonye, hafi y’umupaka wa Silovakiya na Repubulika ya Tchèque, hari umujyi muto witwa Vistule. N’ubwo ushobora kuba utarigera wumva bavuga umujyi wa Vistule, uwo mujyi ufite amateka ashobora gushishikaza Abakristo b’ukuri. Ufite amateka yaranzwe no gushikama no kurwanira ishyaka gahunda yo gusenga Yehova. Mu buhe buryo?

UMUJYI wa Vistule uri mu karere keza cyane k’imisozi, gafite ubwiza nyaburanga butangaje. Utugezi twihuta hamwe n’indi migezi ibiri byisuka mu Ruzi rwa Vistule runyura mu mashyamba yo mu misozi no mu bibaya. Abaturage bo muri ako karere barangwa n’urugwiro hamwe n’imiterere y’ikirere yihariye yaho, bituma umujyi wa Vistule uba umujyi uzwi cyane, urimo ivuriro rikomeye, ahantu ho kuruhukira mu mpeshyi no kwidagadurira mu gihe cy’imbeho.

Birashoboka ko abantu ba mbere batuye muri uwo mujyi witwa iryo zina, bahatuye mu myaka ya 1590. Bahashyize isarumara, maze bidatinze iyo misozi yari imaze gushiraho amashyamba iturwaho n’aborozi b’intama n’inka, batangira no guhinga. Ariko abo baturage boroheje bagezweho n’ingaruka z’ihinduka ritunguranye mu by’idini. Ivugurura ry’idini ryatangijwe na Martin Luther ryagize ingaruka zikomeye kuri ako karere, kandi nk’uko umushakashatsi witwa Andrzej Otczyk abivuga, idini ry’Abaluteriyani ryabaye “idini rya leta mu mwaka wa 1545.” Icyakora Intambara yamaze Imyaka Mirongo Itatu ishyamiranyije Abagatolika n’Abaporotesitanti hamwe n’Ivugurura rya Kiliziya Gatolika ryakurikiyeho rirwanya irya Luther, byahinduye byinshi muri ako karere. Otczyk akomeza agira ati “mu mwaka wa 1654, Abaporotesitanti bambuwe insengero zabo zose, kandi bababuza guteranira hamwe, Bibiliya zabo n’ibindi bitabo by’idini birafatirwa.” Ariko kandi, abenshi mu baturage bo muri ako karere bakomeje kuba Abaluteriyani.

 Imbuto za mbere z’ukuri kwa Bibiliya

Igishimishije ni uko hari ivugurura rikomeye kurushaho ryo mu rwego rw’idini ryari rigiye kubaho. Mu mwaka wa 1928, imbuto za mbere z’ukuri kwa Bibiliya zabibwe n’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya babiri (nk’uko Abahamya ba Yehova bitwaga icyo gihe) bagiraga ishyaka. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, Jan Gomola yageze i Vistule afite icyuma gisohora amajwi cyitwa phonographe yakoreshaga yumvisha abantu disikuru zishingiye ku Byanditswe. Hanyuma yimukiye mu kibaya cyari hafi aho, aho yasanze umugabo mugufi w’ibigango wo mu misozi witwaga Andrzej Raszka, wateze amatwi yitonze, yakira ubutumwa n’umutima mwiza. Raszka yahise afata Bibiliya kugira ngo agenzure arebe niba ibyo yumvaga muri disikuru kuri phonographe byari ukuri. Hanyuma yariyamiriye ati “mwene Data, ndashyize mbona ukuri! Uhereye igihe nari ku rugamba mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, nashakishaga ibisubizo by’ibibazo byanjye!”

Raszka yarashimishijwe cyane, ajyana Gomola ngo ajye kubonana n’incuti ze, Jerzy na Andrzej Pilch, zahise zakira neza ubutumwa bw’Ubwami. Andrzej Tyrna wari warigiye ukuri kwa Bibiliya mu Bufaransa, yafashije abo bagabo kongera ubumenyi bwabo ku byerekeye ubutumwa bw’Imana. Bidatinze barabatijwe. Mu myaka ya za 30 rwagati, abavandimwe bo mu mijyi yo hafi aho bajyaga baza gusura iryo tsinda rito ry’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ry’i Vistule kugira ngo barifashe. Ibyo byagize ingaruka nziza bitangaje.

Abantu bashya benshi bashimishijwe bakomezaga kwisukiranya. Imiryango y’Abaluteriyani yo muri ako karere yari ifite akamenyero ko gusomera Bibiliya mu ngo zabo. Bamaze kubona ibihamya byemeza bishingiye ku Byanditswe ku birebana n’inyigisho y’umuriro w’iteka n’Ubutatu, benshi bahise babona aho ukuri gutandukaniye n’ikinyoma. Imiryango myinshi yahisemo kwitandukanya n’inyigisho z’idini ry’ikinyoma. Bityo rero, itorero ry’i Vistule ryaragutse, ku buryo byageze mu mwaka wa 1939 rifite abantu bagera ku 140. Igitangaje ariko, ni uko abantu bakuru bari bagize iryo torero hafi ya bose bari batarabatizwa. Helena, umwe muri abo Bahamya ba mbere agira ati “ibyo ntibyashakaga kuvuga ko abo babwiriza bari batarabatizwa batari gushobora gushikama kuri Yehova.” Yongeyeho ati “bidatinze bahanganye n’ibigeragezo by’ukwizera kwabo, kandi barashikamye.”

Abana bo se bitwaye bate? Babonye ko ababyeyi babo bari barabonye ukuri. Franciszek Branc agira ati “papa amaze kumva ko yabonye ukuri, yatangiye kukuncengezamo hamwe na mukuru wanjye. Nari mfite imyaka umunani na mukuru wanjye afite imyaka icumi. Papa yatubazaga ibibazo byoroheje, wenda ati ‘Imana ni nde, kandi se izina ryayo ni irihe? Yesu Kristo mumuziho iki?’ Twagombaga kwandika ibisubizo byacu kandi tugashyiraho n’imirongo ya Bibiliya ibishyigikira.” Undi Muhamya agira ati “kubera ko ababyeyi banjye bemeye ubutumwa bw’Ubwami ku bushake bwabo maze bagasezera mu idini ry’Abaluteriyani mu mwaka wa 1940, ku ishuri barandwanyije kandi bakajya bankubita. Nshimira ababyeyi banjye ko bancengejemo amahame ya Bibiliya. Ibyo ni byo ahanini byamfashije  guhangana n’ibihe birushya nanyuzemo.”

Ukwizera kugeragezwa

Igihe Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yarotaga maze Abanazi bakigarurira ako karere, bari bariyemeje gutsembaho Abahamya ba Yehova. Mu mizo ya mbere, abantu bakuru cyane cyane ababyeyi b’abagabo bashishikarijwe gushyira umukono ku ilisiti yavugaga ko ari Abadage kugira ngo bagire ibintu bemererwa. Abahamya banze kwifatanya n’Abanazi. Abavandimwe benshi hamwe n’abantu bari bashimishijwe bari bafite imyaka yo kujya mu gisirikare bari bahanganye n’ikibazo kitaboroheye: bashoboraga kujya mu gisirikare cyangwa bagakomera ku cyemezo cyabo kidakuka cyo kutagira aho babogamira ariko bagahanwa bikomeye. Andrzej Szalbot ba maneko b’Abanazi bafashe mu mwaka wa 1943, abisobanura avuga ko “kwanga kujya mu gisirikare byasobanuraga ko ugiye koherezwa mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa, cyane cyane icy’i Auschwitz. Icyo gihe nari ntarabatizwa, ariko nari nzi ibyo Yesu yatwijeje muri Matayo 10:28, 29. Nari nzi ko n’iyo napfa nzira ko nizera Yehova, ashobora kuzongera kumpa ubuzima.”

Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 1942, Abanazi bafashe abavandimwe 17 bo mu mujyi wa Vistule. Mu mezi atatu gusa, 15 muri bo bari bamaze kugwa i Auschwitz. Ibyo byagize izihe ngaruka ku Bahamya bari basigaye i Vistule? Aho kugira ngo bitume bihakana ukwizera kwabo, byabateye inkunga yo kwizirika kuri Yehova nta guteshuka! Mu mezi atandatu yakurikiyeho, umubare w’ababwiriza b’i Vistule wikubye kabiri. Bidatinze, hongeye gufatwa abandi bavandimwe. Abantu 83 bose hamwe, abavandimwe, abashimishijwe n’abana, bagezweho n’urugomo rw’abasirikare ba Hitileri. Abagera kuri mirongo itanu na batatu muri bo boherejwe mu bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa, (cyane cyane icy’i Auschwitz) cyangwa mu bigo byakorerwagamo imirimo y’uburetwa, mu birombe by’amabuye y’agaciro n’aho bakuraga amabuye yo kubaka muri Polonye, mu Budage no muri Boheme.

Babaye indahemuka kandi barashikama

Mu kigo cy’i Auschwitz, Abanazi bagerageje gushukashuka Abahamya bababwira ko bashoboraga guhita barekurwa. Umusirikare wo mu mutwe w’abarindaga Hitileri yabwiye umuvandimwe ati “nushyira umukono kuri uru rupapuro ruvuga ko witandukanyije n’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya, tuzakurekura kandi uzaba ushobora kwisubirira imuhira.” Ibyo babimubwiye incuro nyinshi, ariko ntiyigeze ateshuka ngo areke kuba indahemuka kuri Yehova. Ibyo byatumye bamukubita, baramukoba, bamukoresha imirimo y’uburetwa i Auschwitz n’i Mittelbau-Dora ho mu Budage. Mbere gato y’uko uwo muvandimwe afungurwa, yarokotse hamana igihe ikigo yari afungiyemo cyasukwagaho ibibombe.

Umuhamya uherutse gupfa witwaga Paweł Szalbot, yagize ati “igihe ba maneko b’Abanazi baduhataga ibibazo, bambajije incuro nyinshi impamvu nanze kujya mu gisirikare cy’u Budage no kuramya Hitileri.” Amaze kubasobanurira impamvu zishingiye kuri Bibiliya zituma Abakristo batagira aho babogamira, yakatiwe kujya gukora mu ruganda rw’intwaro. Yakomeje agira ati “murabona ko umutimanama wanjye utashoboraga kunyemerera gukora uwo murimo, bityo banyohereje gukora mu birombe by’amabuye y’agaciro.” Icyakora, uwo muvandimwe yakomeje kuba uwizerwa.

Abatari bafunzwe, ni ukuvuga abagore n’abana, bagemuriraga abari bafungiwe mu kigo cy’i Auschwitz. Umuvandimwe wari ukiri muto icyo gihe agira ati “mu mpeshyi twajyaga mu ishyamba gusoroma inkeri hanyuma tukazigurana ingano. Bashiki bacu bakoraga utugati bakadusiga amavuta. Hanyuma twagendaga dufata utwo tugati duke  duke tukatwoherereza bagenzi bacu duhuje ukwizera bari bafunzwe.”

Abahamya bari bakuze b’i Vistule boherejwe mu bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa no mu bigo byakorerwagamo imirimo y’uburetwa, bose hamwe bari 53. Mirongo itatu n’umunani muri bo barapfuye.

Abana babo na bo baratotejwe

Abana b’Abahamya ba Yehova na bo bagezweho n’ingaruka z’ikandamiza ry’Abanazi. Hari aboherejwe mu bigo by’imfungwa muri Boheme bari kumwe na ba nyina bamarayo igihe gito. Abandi batandukanyijwe n’ababyeyi babo boherezwa mu kigo kibi cyane cyakoranyirizwagamo abana cy’i Lodz.

Batatu muri abo bana bagize bati “ubwa mbere batujyana i Lodz, Abadage badufashe turi icumi, dufite hagati y’imyaka itanu n’icyenda. Twarasengaga kandi tukaganira kuri Bibiliya kugira ngo duterane inkunga. Kwihangana ntibyari byoroshye.” Mu mwaka wa 1945, abo bana bose bagarutse iwabo. Bari bakiri bazima ariko basigaye ari amagufa gusa kandi barahahamutse. Nyamara, nta kintu na kimwe cyashoboye kubabuza gushikama.

Hakurikiyeho iki?

Igihe Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yendaga kurangira, Abahamya b’i Vistule bari bagikomeye mu kwizera kandi biteguye kongera gukora umurimo wo kubwiriza bamaramaje kandi bafite ishyaka. Abavandimwe basuraga abantu batuye mu birometero 40 uturutse i Vistule, bakagenda babwiriza kandi batanga ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya. Jan Krzok agira ati “nyuma y’igihe gito, mu mujyi wacu hari amatorero atatu afite imbaraga.” Icyakora, umudendezo w’idini ntiwarambye.

Leta y’Abakomunisiti yasimbuye Abanazi, yabuzanyije umurimo w’Abahamya ba Yehova muri Polonye mu mwaka wa 1950. Bityo rero, abavandimwe bagombaga kugira amakenga mu murimo wabo. Rimwe na rimwe, basuraga abantu mu ngo zabo bitwaje ko baje kugura amatungo cyangwa imyaka. Ubusanzwe amateraniro yabaga nijoro, akaba mu matsinda mato mato. Icyakora, inzego z’umutekano zashoboye gufata abasenga Yehova benshi, zibashinja ko bakoreraga inzego z’ubutasi zo mu mahanga, ikirego kitari gifite igihamya na kimwe. Hari abategetsi bamwe bishongoye ku muvandimwe Paweł Pilch bamukangisha ngo “Hitileri yarabananiwe, ariko twe tuzabahangamura.” Nyamara uwo muvandimwe yakomeje kuba indahemuka kuri Yehova, akaba yarafunzwe imyaka itanu. Igihe Abahamya bakiri bato bangaga gushyira umukono ku nyandiko y’ishyaka rya politiki ry’Abasosiyalisiti, birukanwe mu ishuri cyangwa ku kazi.

Yehova yakomeje kubana na bo

Mu mwaka wa 1989 politiki yarahindutse, maze Abahamya ba Yehova bahabwa ubuzima gatozi muri Polonye. Abagaragu ba Yehova bakomeje gushikama b’i Vistule, bakajije umurego mu murimo wabo, ibyo bikaba bigaragazwa n’umubare w’abapayiniya, cyangwa ababwiriza b’igihe cyose. Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bagera ku 100 bo muri ako karere ni abapayiniya. Ntibitangaje rero kuba uwo mujyi witwa Uruganda rw’Abapayiniya.

Bibiliya ivuga ukuntu Imana yashyigikiye abagaragu bayo mu gihe cyahise igira iti “iyaba Uwiteka atari we wari uri mu ruhande rwacu, ubwo abantu baduhagurukiraga, baba baratumize turi bazima” (Zaburi 124:2, 3). Muri iki gihe, n’ubwo abagaragu ba Yehova b’i Vistule batuye mu bantu muri rusange batitabira ubutumwa bwabo kandi bafite ingeso z’isi z’ubwiyandarike, bihatira gukomeza gushikama kandi babiboneramo ingororano zikungahaye. Abahamya bose bagiye batura muri ako karere bashobora kuguhamiriza ko biboneye ukuri kw’ amagambo y’intumwa Pawulo agira ati “ubwo Imana iri mu ruhande rwacu umubisha wacu ni nde?”—Abaroma 8:31.

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Emilia Krzok we n’abana be Helena, Emilia na Jan boherejwe mu kigo cyo muri Boheme bamarayo iminsi mike

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Paweł Szalbot yanze kujya mu gisirikare maze yoherezwa mu birombe by’amabuye y’agaciro

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Igihe abavandimwe boherezwaga i Auschwitz bagatikirirayo, ntibyabujije umurimo gusagamba i Vistule

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Paweł Pilch na Jan Polok boherejwe mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo abana i Lodz

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 25 yavuye]

Inkeri n’indabo: © R.M. Kosinscy / www.kosinscy.pl