Ingingo z’ingenzi z’ibikubiye mu gitabo cya Yosuwa
Ijambo rya Yehova ni rizima:
Ingingo z’ingenzi z’ibikubiye mu gitabo cya Yosuwa
IGIHE Abisirayeli bari bakambitse mu Kibaya cy’i Mowabu mu mwaka wa 1473 M.I.C., bagomba kuba barashimishijwe rwose no kumva amagambo agira ati “nimukore amahamba kuko mu minsi itatu muzambuka ruriya ruzi rwa Yorodani, mujya guhindura igihugu Uwiteka Imana yanyu yabahaye mukibemo” (Yosuwa 1:11). Imyaka 40 bari bamaze bazerera mu butayu yari hafi kurangira.
Nyuma y’imyaka isaga makumyabiri ho gato, Yosuwa wari uyoboye Abisirayeli yari ari mu mu gihugu cy’i Kanaani rwagati abwira abatware b’Abisirayeli ati “none dore ayo mahanga asigaye muri iki gihugu hamwe n’amahanga yose narimbuye, nayabahesheje ubufindo ngo abe gakondo y’imiryango yanyu, uhereye kuri Yorodani ukageza ku Nyanja Nini y’iburengerazuba. Kandi Uwiteka Imana yanyu izabakinagiza imbere yanyu, izabirukana buheriheri muhereko muhindūre igihugu cyabo nk’uko Uwiteka Imana yanyu yababwiye.”—Yosuwa 23:4, 5.
Igitabo cya Yosuwa cyanditswe na Yosuwa ubwe mu mwaka wa 1450 M.I.C., kirimo amateka ashishikaje y’ibyabaye mu gihe cy’imyaka 22. Kubera ko ubu duhagaze ku marembo y’isi nshya yasezeranyijwe, turi mu mimerere nk’iyo Abisirayeli barimo igihe biteguraga kwigarurira Igihugu cy’Isezerano. Nimucyo rero dusuzume ibikubiye mu gitabo cya Yosuwa tubishishikariye cyane.—Abaheburayo 4:12.
BAGERA MU “KIBAYA CY’I YERIKO”
Mbega inshingano iremereye Yehova yahaye Yosuwa igihe yamubwiraga ati “umugaragu wanjye Mose yarapfuye, none ubu haguruka wambukane n’aba bantu bose ruriya ruzi rwa Yorodani, mujye mu gihugu mbahaye mwebwe Abisirayeli” (Yosuwa 1:2)! Yosuwa yagombaga kuyobora ishyanga rigizwe n’abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni, akabajyana mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano. Igihe yiteguraga kwambuka, yohereje abatasi babiri mu mudugudu w’i Yeriko, ari wo bagombaga guheraho bigarurira igihugu. Muri uwo mudugudu harimo maraya witwaga Rahabu wari warumvise imirimo ikomeye Yehova yari yarakoreye ubwoko Bwe. Yarinze abatasi kandi arabafasha, na bo bamusezeranya kuzamurokora.
Abatasi bamaze kugaruka, Yosuwa n’abo bari kumwe bari biteguye gukomeza bakambuka Yorodani. N’ubwo uruzi rwari rwuzuye, ntirwabereye Abisirayeli inzitizi kubera ko Yehova yahagaritse amazi yo haruguru akora ikintu kimeze nk’urugomero, maze ayo hepfo ajya mu Nyanja y’Umunyu. Abisirayeli bamaze kwambuka Yorodani, bakambitse i Gilugali, hafi y’i Yeriko. Nyuma y’iminsi ine, ku mugoroba wo ku munsi wa cumi n’ine w’ukwezi kwa Abibu, Abisirayeli baziririje Pasika mu kibaya cy’ubutayu bw’i Yeriko (Yosuwa 5:10). Bukeye bw’aho, batangiye kurya ku musaruro wo muri icyo gihugu, manu ntiyongera kugwa. Muri iyo minsi ni bwo Yosuwa yakebye abana b’abahungu bose bavukiye mu butayu.
Ibibazo bishingiye ku Byanditswe byashubijwe:
2:4, 5—Kuki Rahabu yayobeje abagaragu b’umwami bashakishaga abatasi? Rahabu yemeye gushyira ubuzima bwe mu kaga arinda abo batasi kubera ko yari yaramaze kwizera Yehova. Ku bw’ibyo, ntiyari ategetswe kubwira abo bantu bashakaga kugirira nabi ubwoko bw’Imana aho abo batasi bari baherereye (Matayo 7:6; 21:23-27; Yohana 7:3-10). Koko rero, Rahabu ‘yatsindishirijwe n’imirimo,’ muri iyo mirimo hakaba hakubiyemo no kuba yarayobeje intumwa z’umwami.—Yakobo 2:24-26.
5:14, 15—“Umugaba w’ingabo z’Uwiteka” ni nde? Birumvikana ko umugaba waje gukomeza Yosuwa igihe cyo gutangira kwigarurira Igihugu cy’Isezerano nta wundi utari “Jambo,” ari we Yesu Kristo mbere y’uko aza hano ku isi (Yohana 1:1; Daniyeli 10:13). Mbega ukuntu abagize ubwoko bwa Yehova baterwa inkunga no kwizera ko Yesu Kristo wahawe ikuzo ari kumwe na bo muri iki gihe barwana intambara yo mu buryo bw’umwuka!
Icyo ibyo bitwigisha:
1:7-9. Gusoma Bibiliya buri munsi, gutekereza buri gihe ku byo ivuga no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo twiga, ni iby’ingenzi cyane mu gihe twihatira kugira icyo tugeraho mu ntego zacu zo mu buryo bw’umwuka.
1:11. Yosuwa yabwiye abaturage gukora impamba aho kugereka akaguru ku kandi ngo bategereje ko Imana ari yo izayibaha. Inama Yesu yatanze yo kureka kwiganyira duhangayikira ibyo dukenera mu buzima, hamwe n’isezerano yatanze agira ati “ibyo byose muzabyongerwa,” ntishaka kuvuga ko tutagomba kwirwanaho ngo dushake ikidutunga.—Matayo 6:25, 33.
2:4-13. Rahabu amaze kumva imirimo ikomeye Yehova yakoze no kubona ko ibintu bigeze mu mahina, yafashe umwanzuro wo kujya mu ruhande rw’abasenga Yehova. None se, niba umaze igihe kirekire wiga Bibiliya, ukaba umaze kubona ko turi mu “minsi y’imperuka,” mbese nawe ntiwagombye gufata umwanzuro wo gukorera Imana?—2 Timoteyo 3:1.
3:15. Kubera ko abatasi bari boherejwe i Yeriko bazanye raporo nziza, Yosuwa yahise agira icyo akora nta gutegereza ngo amazi ya Yorodani abanze akame. Natwe rero niba hari ibintu tugomba gukora birebana no gusenga k’ukuri, tugomba kubikorana ubutwari, nta gutegereza igihe ibintu bizaba bisa n’aho bimeze neza kurushaho.
4:4-8, 20-24. Amabuye 12 yavuye muri Yorodani yagombaga kubera Abisirayeli urwibutso. Muri iki gihe, ibikorwa bya Yehova byo kubohora ubwoko bwe mu maboko y’abanzi babwo, na byo ni urwibutso rugaragaza ko ari kumwe na bwo.
BAKOMEZA KWIGARURIRA IBIHUGU
Umudugudu wa Yeriko wari “ukinzwe cyane, nta wasohokaga kandi nta winjiraga” (Yosuwa 6:1). None se, bari kuwigarurira bate? Yehova yabwiye Yosuwa uburyo yari gukoresha. Bidatinze, inkike zararidutse, umudugudu urarimburwa. Rahabu n’ab’inzu ye ni bo barokotse bonyine.
Hakurikiyeho kwigarurira umujyi wa Ayi wari ururembo rw’umwami. Abatasi bari boherejwe muri uwo mujyi batanze raporo yavugaga ko utuwe n’abantu bake, bityo kuwutsinda ntibyasabaga ingabo nyinshi. Icyakora, ingabo zigera ku 3.000 zari zateye uwo mujyi zahise zihunga abagabo bo muri Ayi. Kuki zahunze? Yehova ntiyari kumwe n’Abisirayeli. Igihe bateraga i Yeriko, Akani wo mu muryango wa Yuda yari yakoze icyaha. Yosuwa amaze gukemura icyo kibazo, yongeye kugaba igitero kuri Ayi. Kubera ko umwami wa Ayi yari yanesheje Abisirayeli mu gitero kibanza, yari afite ishyushyu ryo kongera gusakirana na bo. Icyakora, Yosuwa yafatiranye abagabo bo muri Ayi bacyiraye, maze abafatana uwo mujyi.
I Gibeyoni hari ‘umudugudu ukomeye cyane; harutaga Ayi n’abagabo baho bose bari intwari’ (Yosuwa 10:2). Ariko kandi, Abagibeyoni bamaze kumva ko Yosuwa yanesheje Yeriko na Ayi, baryarye Yosuwa bagirana na we amasezerano y’amahoro. Amahanga abakikije yabonye ko kuba Abagibeyoni bayatabye mu nama ari nko kuyashyira mu kaga. Abami batanu bo muri ayo mahanga bishyize hamwe batera Abagibeyoni. Abisirayeli bateye Abagibeyoni ingabo mu bitugu, maze abari bateye bakubitwa incuro bidasubirwaho. Indi midugudu Isirayeli yigaruriye ku ngoma ya Yosuwa, ni iyo mu majyepfo n’iburengerazuba; nanone kandi, yanesheje abami bo mu majyaruguru bari bishyize hamwe. Abami b’iburengerazuba bwa Yorodani baneshejwe bose hamwe ni 31.
Ibibazo bishingiye ku Byanditswe byashubijwe:
10:13—Ibyo bishoboka bite? “Hari ikinanira Uwiteka se,” we Muremyi w’ijuru n’isi (Itangiriro 18:14)? Yehova abishatse, ashobora kugira icyo ahindura ku rugendo isi ikora yizengurukaho ku buryo umuntu uri ku isi ureba izuba n’ukwezi abona bisa n’aho bitava aho biri. Ashobora no kureka isi n’ukwezi bigakomeza kugenda uko bisanzwe, ariko akayobya imirasire y’izuba n’ukwezi ku buryo urumuri rwabyo rukomeza kumurika. Uko yaba yarabigenje kose, “nta munsi wahwanye n’uwo” mu mateka y’abantu.—Yosuwa 10:14.
10:13—Igitabo cya Yashari ni igitabo bwoko ki? Icyo gitabo kivugwa nanone muri 2 Samweli 1:18 havuga ibirebana n’igisigo cy’“umuheto,” ari yo ndirimbo yo kuborogera Umwami Sawuli n’umuhungu we Yonatani. Birashoboka ko cyari igitabo kibumbiyemo indirimbo n’ibisigo bivuga ku mateka kandi kikaba gishobora kuba cyari kizwi cyane mu Baheburayo.
Icyo ibyo bitwigisha:
6:26; 9:22, 23. Umuvumo Yosuwa yavumye i Yeriko igihe harimburwaga, wasohoye mu myaka 500 nyuma y’aho (1 Abami 16:34). Umuvumo Nowa yavumye umwuzukuru we Kanaani wasohoye igihe Abagibeyoni bagirwaga abaretwa (Itangiriro 9:25, 26). Ibyo Yehova avuze, buri gihe birasohora.
7:20-25. Hari abantu bashobora gupfobya uburemere bw’icyaha cy’ubujura Akani yakoze bitwaza ko nta we yahutaje. Bashobora kumva ko nta cyo bitwaye kwica amategeko ya Bibiliya mu tuntu duto duto cyangwa tworoheje. Icyakora, twebwe tugomba kuba nka Yosuwa, tukiyemeza kunanira ibishuko byo gukora ibintu binyuranyije n’amategeko cyangwa ibikorwa by’ubwiyandarike.
9:15, 26, 27. Tugomba gufatana uburemere amasezerano tugirana n’abandi kandi ibyo twavuze tukabisohoza.
YOSUWA ASOHOZA INSHINGANO YA NYUMA IREMEREYE
Igihe Yosuwa yari ageze mu za bukuru, akabakaba imyaka 90, yatangiye kugabanya igihugu. Uwo wari umurimo ukomeye rwose! Imiryango ya Rubeni na Gadi ndetse n’igice cy’umuryango wa Manase yari yaramaze guhabwa umugabane wayo iburasirazuba bwa Yorodani. Imiryango yari isigaye, yo yahawe imigabane mu gice cy’iburengerazuba hakoreshejwe ubufindo.
Ihema ry’ibonaniro ryubatswe i Shilo mu gihugu cy’Abefurayimu. Kalebu yahawe umudugudu wa Heburoni naho Yosuwa ahabwa uwa Timunatisera. Abalewi bahawe imidugudu 48 hakubiyemo imidugudu 6 y’ubuhungiro. Igihe abarwanyi b’Abarubeni n’Abagadi n’igice cy’umuryango wa Manase bari basubiye muri gakondo yabo y’iburasirazuba bwa Yorodani, bagezeyo biyubakira igicaniro cy’“ikimenywabose” (Yosuwa 22:10). Imiryango y’iburengerazuba bwa Yorodani yabonye ko icyo ari igikorwa cy’ubuhakanyi kandi haburaga gato ngo iyo miryango yirohe mu ntambara; icyakora babiganiriyeho neza bituma hatameneka amaraso.
Yosuwa amaze igihe runaka atuye i Timunatisera, yatumyeho abakuru b’Abisirayeli, abatware, abacamanza n’abandi bategetsi, maze abatera inkunga yo kuba intwari no gukomeza kuba indahemuka kuri Yehova. Nyuma yaho, Yosuwa yateranyirije hamwe imiryango yose y’Abisirayeli i Shekemu. Yabibukije ibyo Yehova yabakoreye kuva mu gihe cya Aburahamu, maze yongera kubatera inkunga agira ati “mwubahe Uwiteka mumukorere mu by’ukuri mutaryarya.” Ibyo byatumye basubiza bati “Uwiteka Imana yacu ni yo tuzakorera, kandi tuzayumvira” (Yosuwa 24:14, 15, 24). Hanyuma y’ibyo, Yosuwa yapfuye afite imyaka 110.
Ibibazo bishingiye ku Byanditswe byashubijwe:
13:1—Mbese ibi ntibivuguruza ibivugwa muri Yosuwa 11:23? Oya, kubera ko kwigarurira Igihugu cy’Isezerano byagombaga gukorwa mu byiciro bibiri: intambara ishyanga ryose ryarwanye rikirukana abami 31 bo mu gihugu cya Kanaani, kandi igatuma bahirika ubutegetsi bw’Abanyakanaani, hanyuma hakaba ibikorwa byo kwigarurira igihugu mu buryo bwuzuye bigakorwa n’imiryango cyangwa abantu ku giti cyabo (Yosuwa 17:14-18; 18:3). N’ubwo Abisirayeli batabashije kwirukana Abanyakanaani burundu, abacitse ku icumu nta mutekano muke bateje Isirayeli (Yosuwa 16:10; 17:12). Muri Yosuwa 21:44 hagira hati “Uwiteka abaha ihumure impande zose.”
24:2—Mbese Tera se wa Aburahamu yasengaga ibishushanyo? Mu mizo ya mbere Tera ntiyasengaga Yehova Imana. Birashoboka ko yasengaga imana y’ukwezi yitwa Sini, imana yasengwaga n’abantu benshi muri Uri. Dukurikije inkuru y’Abayahudi, birashoboka ndetse ko Tera yakoraga ibishushanyo bisengwa. Icyakora, igihe Imana yategekaga Aburahamu kuva muri Uri akajya i Harani, yajyanye na Tera.—Itangiriro 11:31.
Icyo ibyo bitwigisha:
14:10-13. N’ubwo Kalebu yari afite imyaka 85, yasabye inshingano ikomeye yo kwirukana abaturage bo mu karere k’i Heburoni. Ako karere kari gatuwe n’abantu banini bidasanzwe bitwaga Abanaki. Yehova yafashije Kalebu wari intwari ku rugamba bituma yigarurira Heburoni, hahinduka umudugudu w’ubuhungiro (Yosuwa 15:13-19; 21:11-13). Urugero rwa Kalebu rudutera inkunga yo kutihunza inshingano za gitewokarasi zigoye.
22:9-12, 21-33. Tugomba kwitonda tukirinda gukekera bagenzi bacu ibibi.
‘Nta kintu na kimwe cyabuze’
Igihe Yosuwa yari ageze mu za bukuru, yabwiye abagabo bari ku isonga muri Isirayeli ati “nta kintu na kimwe cyabuze mu byiza byose Uwiteka Imana yanyu yabasezeranyije, byose byabasohoyeho nta kintu na kimwe muri ibyo cyabuze” (Yosuwa 23:14). Mbega ukuntu inkuru ivuga iby’amateka yanditswe na Yosuwa ibigaragaza neza!
Pawulo yaranditse ati “ibyanditswe kera byose byandikiwe kutwigisha, kugira ngo kwihangana no guhumurizwa bitangwa na byo biduheshe ibyiringiro” (Abaroma 15:4). Dushobora kwiringira ko icyizere dufitiye amasezerano y’Imana atari cya kindi kiraza amasinde. Nta sezerano ryayo na rimwe rizahera, yose azasohora.
[Ikarita yo ku ipaji ya 10]
(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu Munara w’Umurinzi)
Igihugu Abisirayeli bigaruriye mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Yosuwa
BASHANI
GALEYADI
ARABA
NEGEBU
Uruzi rwa Yorodani
Inyanja y’Umunyu
Akagezi ka Yaboki
Akagezi ka Arunoni
Hazori
Madoni
Lasharoni
Shimuroni
Yokineyamu
Dori
Megido
Kedeshi
Tanaki
Heferi
Tirusa
Afeka
Tapuwa
Beteli
Ayi
Gilugali
Yeriko
Gezeri
Yerusalemu
Makeda
Yaramuti
Adulamu
Libuna
Lakishi
Eguloni
Heburoni
Debira
Arada
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 9]
Mbese waba uzi impamvu Rahabu wari maraya yabazweho gukiranuka?
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 10]
Yosuwa yateye Abisirayeli inkunga yo ‘kubaha Uwiteka no kumukorera’
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 12]
Ubujura bwa Akani ntibwari icyaha gito gusa; bwagize ingaruka zibabaje
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 12]
“Kwizera ni ko kwatumye inkike z’amabuye z’i Yeriko ziriduka.”—Abaheburayo 11:30
