Mwirinde imihango idashimisha Imana

ISANDUKU ifunguye irimo umurambo irambitse ku mbuga mu gihugu kimwe cyo muri Afurika kandi harava izuba ryinshi cyane. Uko abari mu cyunamo bagenda banyura imbere y’iyo sanduku, umusaza arahageze arahagarara. Yunamye yegereye cyane umutwe w’uwo murambo afite agahinda kenshi kagaragara mu maso, maze aravuga ati “kuki utambwiye ko ugiye gupfa? Kuki unsize utya? None se ubu ko usubiyeyo uzakomeza kumfasha?”

Mu kandi gace ko muri Afurika havutse umwana. Nta muntu wemerewe kumubona. Keretse gusa hashize igihe runaka, ni bwo umwana azasohorwa kugira ngo abantu bamubone kandi hakorwe umuhango wo kumwita izina.

Ku bantu bamwe, kugira ibyo ubwira umuntu wapfuye cyangwa guhisha umwana wavutse kugira ngo abantu batamubona, bashobora kumva ari ibintu bidasanzwe. Icyakora, mu mico imwe n’imwe no mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe imyizerere ikomeye cyane y’uko uwapfuye mu by’ukuri aba atapfuye, ko ahubwo aba akiriho kandi yumva, igira ingaruka ku kuntu abantu bitwara n’uko babona umuntu wapfuye n’uwavutse.

Iyo myizerere irakomeye cyane ku buryo yacengeye mu mihango n’imigenzo biba mu bintu hafi ya byose bikorwa mu mibereho y’abantu. Urugero, abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bemera ko hari ibice by’ingenzi bigize ubuzima bw’umuntu: kuvuka, ubugimbi cyangwa ubwangavu, gushyingirwa, kubyara no gupfa. Ngo  ibyo ni ibice bigize urugendo rw’ubuzima ruganisha umuntu mu buturo bw’imyuka y’abakurambere. Hari abantu bemera ko iyo uwapfuye ageze aho hantu akomeza kugira uruhare rugaragara mu bikorwa by’abo asize. Kandi ko aba ashobora gukomeza kubaho binyuze mu kongera kuvuka.

Hari imihango n’imigenzo myinshi ikorwa kugira ngo abantu bizere neza ko umuntu azanyura muri ibyo bice byose bigize urwo rugendo rw’ubuzima nta kibazo agize. Iyo mihango bayikora kubera ko baba bizera ko hari ikintu kitubamo gikomeza kubaho iyo dupfuye. Abakristo b’ukuri birinda imihango yose ifitanye isano n’iyo myizerere. Kubera iki?

Abapfuye bari mu yihe mimerere?

Bibiliya ibivuga mu buryo bwumvikana neza iyo isobanura imimerere abapfuye barimo. Iravuga iti “abazima bazi ko bazapfa, ariko abapfuye bo nta cyo bakizi . . . Urukundo rwabo n’urwangano rwabo n’ishyari ryabo, byose biba bishize . . . kuko ikuzimu [imva rusange y’abantu bose] aho uzajya nta mirimo nta n’imigambi uzahabona, haba no kumenya cyangwa ubwenge” (Umubwiriza 9:5, 6, 10). Abasenga Imana by’ukuri bamaze igihe bemera uko kuri kw’ibanze kwa Bibiliya. Basobanukiwe ko ubugingo budakomeza kubaho iyo umuntu apfuye, ko ahubwo bushobora gupfa kandi bukaba bwarimbuka (Ezekiyeli 18:4). Nanone kandi bamenye ko abazimu batabaho (Zaburi 146:4). Mu bihe bya kera, Yehova yari yarihanangirije ubwoko bwe abubwira ko bwagombaga kwitandukanya burundu n’umuhango, cyangwa umugenzo uwo ari wo wose wari ufitanye isano no kwizera ko uwapfuye aba afite icyo azi, kandi ko ashobora kugira ingaruka ku bantu bazima.—Gutegeka 14:1; 18:9-13; Yesaya 8:19, 20.

Mu buryo nk’ubwo, Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere birindaga umuhango cyangwa umugenzo gakondo uwo ari wo wose wabaga ufitanye isano n’inyigisho z’idini ry’ikinyoma (2 Abakorinto 6:15-17). Muri iki gihe na bwo, Abahamya ba Yehova, uko ibara ry’uruhu, ubwoko bavukamo cyangwa imimerere bakuriyemo byaba biri kose, birinda imigenzo n’imihango bifitanye isano n’inyigisho z’ikinyoma, zivuga ko hari ikintu gikomeza kubaho iyo umuntu apfuye.

Kubera ko turi Abakristo, ni iki gishobora kutuyobora mu gihe dufata umwanzuro wo kureba niba twakurikiza umuhango runaka cyangwa niba tutawukurikiza? Tugomba gutekereza neza twitonze ku bihereranye n’isano uwo muhango ushobora kuba ufitanye n’inyigisho iyo ari yo yose idashingiye ku Byanditswe, urugero nko kwizera ko abapfuye bagira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu bakiriho. Ikindi kandi, tugomba kureba niba kwifatanya muri bene uwo muhango bishobora kubera ikigusha abandi bazi ibyo Abahamya ba Yehova bizera kandi bigisha. Tukizirikana ibyo, nimucyo dusuzume ibintu bibiri bikunze kubamo iyo mihango, ari byo kuvuka no gupfa.

Ivuka n’imihango yo kwita umwana izina

Imihango myinshi ifitanye isano n’ivuka ry’umwana nta cyo itwaye. Icyakora, mu bihugu abantu babona ko ivuka ari uburyo bwo kuva mu isi y’imyuka y’abakurambere umuntu ajya mu muryango w’abantu, Abakristo b’ukuri bagomba kuba maso. Urugero, mu duce tumwe two muri Afurika, iyo umwana avutse aguma mu nzu kandi ntibamwite izina kugeza hashize igihe runaka. N’ubwo icyo gihe bamara bategereje gishobora gutandukana bitewe n’uduce, kirangizwa n’umuhango wo kwita umwana izina, bagasohora umwana ku mugaragaro bakamwereka incuti n’abavandimwe. Icyo gihe abari aho babwirwa ku mugaragaro izina ry’umwana.

Hari igitabo kivuga icyo uwo muhango usobanura, kigira kiti “mu minsi irindwi ya mbere umwana aba amaze avutse, abantu baba bumva ko akiri ‘umushyitsi’ kandi ko aba akiri mu rugendo ava mu buturo bw’imyuka y’abakurambere aza mu buzima bwo ku isi . . . Ubusanzwe barekera umwana mu nzu kandi abantu batari abo muri urwo rugo ntibemererwa kumubona.”—Ghana—Understanding the People and Their Culture.

Kuki babanza gutegereza hagashira igihe runaka mbere y’uko bakora imihango yo kwita umwana izina? Hari igitabo gisobanura ko “mbere y’umunsi wa munani, baba bataremera ko uwo mwana ari umuntu. Mu buryo runaka  baba bumva ko afitanye isano n’abo mu buturo bw’imyuka y’abakurambere aba aturutsemo.” Icyo gitabo gikomeza kigira kiti “kubera ko mu by’ukuri izina ari ryo rituma umwana aba umuntu, iyo ababyeyi bagitinya ko umwana wabo azapfa, akenshi bakunze kureka kumwita izina kugeza igihe bazaba bizeye ko azabaho. . . . Ku bw’ibyo, uwo muhango ufitanye isano n’uko umwana ava mu buturo bw’imyuka y’abakurambere akaza mu isi y’abantu, rimwe na rimwe witwa gusohora umwana, batekereza ko ushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mwana no ku babyeyi be. Uwo muhango ni wo utuma umwana yinjira mu muryango cyangwa mu isi y’abantu.”—Ghana in Retrospect.

Akenshi umutware w’umuryango ni we uhagararira uwo muhango wo kwita umwana izina. Ibintu bikorwa muri uwo muhango bigenda bitandukana bitewe n’uturere. Akenshi muri uwo muhango bamena inzoga hasi bikitwa ko bayihaye abakurambere; bagasenga imyuka y’abakurambere babashimira ko umwana yaje amahoro, hamwe n’indi migenzo.

Ikintu cyibandwaho cyane muri uwo muhango ni ugutangaza izina ry’umwana. N’ubwo ababyeyi ari bo baba bafite inshingano yo kwita umwana wabo izina, akenshi bene wabo bagira uruhare rukomeye ku izina rigomba gutoranywa. Amwe muri ayo mazina aba ari amagenurano afite icyo asobanura mu rurimi rwo muri ako gace. Urugero, ashobora gusobanura ngo “yari yagiye none yagarutse,” “mama agarutse ubwa kabiri” cyangwa “papa yagarutse.” Andi mazina aba afite ibisobanuro bigenewe kubuza abakurambere kongera kugira umwana bafata ngo bamujyane mu buturo bw’abapfuye.

Birumvikana ko kwishimira ivuka ry’umwana nta kibi kirimo. Kwitirira umwana undi muntu cyangwa kumwita izina rigaragaza imimerere ifitanye isano n’ivuka rye ni imihango itagize icyo itwaye, kandi kugena igihe umwana azitirwa izina ni umwanzuro w’umuntu ku giti cye. Ariko kandi, Abakristo bashaka gushimisha Imana bagira amakenga bakirinda umuhango uwo ari wo wose watuma abantu babona ko bemera igitekerezo cy’uko iyo umwana avutse aba ari ‘umushyitsi’ uri mu rugendo, ava mu buturo bw’imyuka y’abakurambere aza mu buzima bwo ku isi.

Byongeye kandi, mu gihe abantu benshi babona ko umuhango wo kwita umwana izina ari umuhango w’ingenzi ufitanye isano n’uko umwana ava mu buturo bw’imyuka y’abakurambere akaza mu isi y’abantu, Abakristo bo bagombye kwitonda ku bw’imitimanama y’abandi kandi bagatekereza uko abantu badahuje ukwizera bari bubifate. Nk’ubu abantu bamwe batekereza iki umugabo n’umugore b’Abakristo baramutse barekeye umwana wabo mu nzu kugira ngo hatagira undi muntu umubona, kugeza igihe imihango yo kwita umwana izina izabera? Abo bantu batekereza iki se abo babyeyi b’Abakristo baramutse bise umwana amazina avuguruza igitekerezo cy’uko ari abigisha b’ukuri kwa Bibiliya?

Ku bw’ibyo, igihe Abakristo bahitamo igihe n’uko bazita abana babo, bihatira gukorera “byose guhimbaza Imana” kugira ngo batagira abo babera ikigusha (1 Abakorinto 10:31-33). ‘Ntibasuzugura itegeko ry’Imana ngo baziririze imigenzo,’ amaherezo iba igamije kubahiriza abapfuye. Ibinyuranye n’ibyo, bubaha Yehova, Imana iriho, kandi bakamuhesha ikuzo.—Mariko 7:9, 13.

Ava mu rupfu ajya mu buzima

Abenshi babona ko urupfu kimwe n’ivuka ari ibice bigize urugendo rw’ubuzima; upfuye aba avuye mu isi iyi tubona akajya mu buturo butagaragara bw’imyuka y’abakurambere. Abantu benshi batekereza ko hatabayeho imihango n’imigenzo runaka y’ihamba igihe umuntu apfuye byarakaza imyuka y’abakurambere, kandi bemera ko ifite ubushobozi bwo guhana cyangwa kugororera abazima. Iyo myizerere igira ingaruka cyane ku kuntu imihango y’ihamba itegurwa n’uko iyoborwa.

Imihango y’ihamba igamije kugusha neza uwapfuye akenshi iba irimo ibintu byinshi bigaragaza ibyiyumvo: kurira no kuboroga bagaragaza akababaro mu gihe umurambo ukiri aho, no gukora iminsi mikuru y’ibyishimo nyuma y’ihamba. Kurya no kunywa bagakabya, ubusinzi no kubyina baririmba cyane, usanga akenshi ari byo biranga imihango y’ihamba nk’iyo. Imihango y’ihamba ihabwa agaciro cyane, ku buryo incuro nyinshi n’imiryango ikennye cyane ishyiraho  imihati ikomeye kugira ngo irundanye amafaranga akoreshwa mu “guhamba mu cyubahiro,” n’ubwo abayigize baba bazasigara nta ko bigira, bakanasigaramo imyenda.

Uko imyaka yagiye ihita, Abahamya ba Yehova bagiye bagaragaza neza imihango y’ihamba idahuje n’Ibyanditswe. * Mu mihango nk’iyo harimo kujya ku kiriyo, kumena inzoga hasi ngo basangire n’abakurambere, kuvugisha uwapfuye no kugira icyo bamusaba hamwe n’imihango yo kwibuka igihe ababo bapfiriye. Iyo mihango idaha Imana icyubahiro ‘irahumanye,’ ni “ibihendo by’ubusa,” ikurikiza “imihango y’abantu” kandi ntikurikiza Ijambo ry’Imana ry’ukuri.—Yesaya 52:11; Abakolosayi 2:8.

Bahatirwa gukora ibyo abandi bakora

Hari bamwe kwirinda imihango gakondo byagiye bigora, cyane cyane mu bihugu bibamo abantu babona ko kubahiriza abapfuye ari ingenzi cyane. Kubera ko Abahamya ba Yehova badakurikiza imihango nk’iyo, abandi baturage bagiye babishisha cyangwa bakabarega ngo ni ba nyamwigendaho kandi ngo basuzugura abapfuye. Abakristo bamwe bagiye bavugwa nabi kandi botswa igitutu bituma batinya kugaragaza ko batandukanye n’abandi, n’ubwo babaga basobanukiwe neza ukuri kwa Bibiliya (1 Petero 3:14). Abandi bo bagiye bumva ko iyo mihango ari imwe mu bigize umuco wabo, ko badashobora rwose kureka kuyikora. Hari abandi noneho batekereje ko banze gukurikiza iyo mihango byatuma abaturanyi babo bagirira urwikekwe ubwoko bw’Imana.

Ntidushaka kugira uwo dukomeretsa bitari ngombwa. Icyakora, Bibiliya iduha umuburo w’uko gushikama mu kuri bizatuma twangwa n’ab’isi bitandukanyije n’Imana (Yohana 15:18, 19; 2 Timoteyo 3:12; 1 Yohana 5:19). Tugira igihagararo nk’icyo ku bushake, tuzi ko tugomba gutandukana n’abantu bari mu mwijima wo mu buryo bw’umwuka (Malaki 3:18; Abagalatiya 6:12). Nk’uko Yesu yananiye ibishuko bya Satani byari bigamije gutuma akora ibintu byari kubabaza Imana, natwe tunanira abatwotsa igitutu bashaka ko twakora ibibabaza Imana (Matayo 4:3-7). Aho kugira ngo gutinya abantu bigire ingaruka ku Bakristo b’ukuri, bahangayikishwa mbere na mbere no gushimisha Yehova Imana no kumwubaha kubera ko ari we Mana y’ukuri. Ibyo babikora birinda ko abantu babotsa igitutu bigatuma batandukira amahame ya Bibiliya agenga ugusenga k’ukuri.—Imigani 29:25; Ibyakozwe 5:29.

Twubahe Yehova mu buryo tubona abapfuye

Ni ibisanzwe ko tubabara kandi tukagira agahinda igihe cyose hari umuntu twakundaga wapfuye (Yohana 11:33, 35). Kwibuka no gutekereza ku muntu wacu wapfuye kandi tukamuhamba mu cyubahiro, ni uburyo bukwiriye bwo kugaragaza ko twamukundaga. Ariko kandi, Abahamya ba Yehova bihanganira akababaro kenshi baterwa n’urupfu, ari na ko birinda imihango gakondo iyo ari yo yose idashimisha Imana. Ibyo ntibyorohera Abahamya ba Yehova barerewe mu mico usanga abantu batinya cyane abapfuye. Bishobora kuba ikibazo cy’isobe gukomeza gushyira mu gaciro mu gihe tubabajwe n’urupfu rw’umuntu twakundaga cyane. Nyamara kandi, Yehova we “nyir’ihumure ryose,” aha Abakristo b’indahemuka imbaraga kandi bungukirwa n’ubufasha bwuje urukundo bahabwa na bagenzi babo bahuje ukwizera (2 Abakorinto 1:3, 4). Kuba Abakristo b’ukuri bafite ukwizera gukomeye ko hari igihe abantu bapfuye bibukwa n’Imana bazongera kubaho, bibaha impamvu zose zo kwitandukanya rwose n’imihango y’ihamba itari iya gikristo, itemera ko hazabaho umuzuko.

Mbese ntidushimishwa no kuba Yehova yaraduhamagaye ‘akadukura mu mwijima akatugeza mu mucyo we w’itangaza’ (1 Petero 2:9)? Mu gihe twishimira ko umwana yavutse kandi tukihanganira agahinda duterwa n’urupfu, nimucyo kwifuza cyane gukora icyiza no gukunda cyane Yehova Imana bitume ‘tugenda nk’abana b’umucyo’ igihe cyose. Nimucyo kandi twe kuzigera na rimwe twemera kwangizwa mu buryo bw’umwuka n’imihango itari iya gikristo kandi idashimisha Imana.—Abefeso 5:8.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]