Ijambo rya Yehova ni rizima:

Ingingo z’ingenzi z’ibikubiye mu gitabo cya 1 Samweli

HARI mu mwaka wa 1117 M.I.C. * Imyaka igera kuri magana atatu yari ishize Yosuwa arangije kwigarurira Igihugu cy’Isezerano. Abakuru b’Abisirayeli bagiye kureba umuhanuzi wa Yehova bamugezaho icyifuzo kidasanzwe. Uwo muhanuzi yakibwiye Yehova mu isengesho maze Yehova abemerera ibyo bari bamusabye. Ibyo byagaragaje neza iherezo ry’igihe Abacamanza bamaze bategeka, kandi bigaragaza igihe abami b’abantu batangiriye gutegeka Isirayeli. Igitabo cyo muri Bibiliya cya 1 Samweli kivuga inkuru z’ibintu bishishikaje byabaye mbere na nyuma gato y’icyo gihe cy’ihinduka rikomeye, ryabaye mu mateka y’ishyanga rya Isirayeli.

Igitabo cya 1 Samweli cyanditswe na Samweli, Natani na Gadi, kivuga ibintu byabayeho mu gihe cy’imyaka 102, kuva mu 1180 kugeza mu 1078 M.I.C. (1 Ngoma 29:29). Ni inkuru ivuga iby’abayobozi bane ba Isirayeli. Babiri muri bo babaye abacamanza, abandi babiri baba abami; babiri muri bo bumviye Yehova, abandi babiri ntibamwumvira. Tunasangamo kandi abagore babiri b’intangarugero hamwe n’umugabo w’umurwanyi wari intwari ariko witondaga. Ingero nk’izo zitwigisha amasomo y’ingirakamaro areba imyifatire n’ibikorwa twagombye kwigana n’ibyo twagombye kwirinda. Bityo, ibikubiye muri 1 Samweli bishobora kongera imbaraga mu bitekerezo byacu no mu bikorwa byacu.—Abaheburayo 4:12.

SAMWELI ASIMBURA ELI KU BUCAMANZA

(1 Samweli 1:1–7:17)

Cyari igihe cy’Umunsi Mukuru w’Isarura kandi Hana wabaga i Rama yari yasazwe n’ibyishimo. * Yehova yari yarashubije amasengesho ye maze abyara umwana w’umuhungu. Kugira ngo ahigure umuhigo w’ibyo yari yarahigiye, Hana yajyanye umuhungu we Samweli gukora “mu nzu y’Uwiteka.” Uwo mwana ahageze ‘yakoreye Uwiteka imbere y’umutambyi Eli’ (1 Samweli 1:24; 2:11). Igihe Samweli yari akiri muto cyane, Yehova yaramuvugishije amubwira iby’urubanza yari yaciriyeho inzu ya Eli. Uko Samweli yagendaga akura, abaturage bose bo muri Isirayeli baje kwemera ko yari umuhanuzi wa Yehova.

Amaherezo Abafilisitiya baje gutera Isirayeli. Bafashe Isanduku y’Isezerano kandi bica abahungu babiri ba Eli. Akimara kumva iyo nkuru, Eli wari umukambwe yahise apfa, akaba yari amaze “imyaka mirongo ine ari umucamanza w’Abisirayeli” (1 Samweli 4:18). Abafilisitiya batwaye Isanduku ibateza amakuba ku buryo bayishubije Abisirayeli. Ubwo noneho Samweli yabaye umucamanza wa Isirayeli, kandi icyo gihugu cyose cyarimo amahoro.

Ibibazo bishingiye ku Byanditswe byashubijwe:

2:10—Kuki Hana yasenze Yehova amusaba ko ‘yaha imbaraga umwami we’ kandi icyo gihe nta mwami w’umuntu Isirayeli yari ifite? Byari byarahanuwe mbere yaho mu Mategeko ya Mose ko Abisirayeli bari kuzagira umwami w’umuntu (Gutegeka 17:14-18). Mu buhanuzi Yakobo yahanuye agiye gupfa, yagize ati “inkoni y’ubwami [ikimenyetso kigaragaza ubutware bwa cyami] ntizava kuri Yuda” (Itangiriro 49:10). Ikindi kandi, ku bihereranye na Sara wari nyirakuruza w’Abisirayelikazi, Yehova yavuze ko “abami b’amahanga bazakomoka kuri we” (Itangiriro 17:16). Bityo rero, Hana yasengaga asabira umwami wari kuzaza.

3:3—Ese mu by’ukuri Samweli yaryamaga Ahera Cyane? Oya, si ho yaryamaga. Samweli yari Umulewi wo mu muryango w’Abakohati utari uw’abatambyi (1 Ngoma 6:18-23). Bityo rero, ntiyari yemerewe “kubona ibyera” (Kubara 4:17-20). Ahantu honyine Samweli yashoboraga kugera mu ihema ry’ibonaniro, ni mu rugo  rwaryo. Aho ni ho agomba kuba yararyamaga. Uko bigaragara, Eli na we ashobora kuba yararyamaga ahantu runaka mu rugo rw’ihema ry’ibonaniro. Amagambo ngo “aho isanduku y’Imana iba,” uko bigaragara yerekeza aho ubwo buturo bwari buri.

7:7-9, 17—Kuki Samweli yatambiye igitambo cyoswa i Misipa akanubaka igicaniro i Rama, kandi ibitambo byaragombaga buri gihe kujya bitambirwa ahantu Yehova yari kuba yitoranyirije (Gutegeka 12:4-7, 13, 14; Yosuwa 22:19)? Bamaze gukura Isanduku yera mu buturo i Shilo, Yehova na we ntiyakomeje kuhaba. Ku bw’ibyo, kubera ko Samweli yari ahagarariye Imana yatambiye ibitambo i Misipa kandi yubaka igicaniro i Rama. Uko bigaragara ibyo bikorwa Yehova yarabyemeraga.

Icyo ibyo bitwigisha:

1:11, 12, 21-23; 2:19. Ukuntu Hana yasengaga, ukuntu yicishaga bugufi, ukuntu yashimiraga Yehova ku bw’ineza ye yuje urukundo ndetse n’urukundo rwa kibyeyi yakomeje kugaragaza, byabera urugero rwiza abagore bose batinya Imana.

1:8. Mbega urugero rwiza Elukana yatanze mu gukomeza abandi ababwira amagambo atera inkunga (Yobu 16:5)! Yabanje kubaza Hana wari ufite agahinda ariko atagamije kumucira urubanza, ati “ni iki kiguhagarika umutima?” Ibyo byamushishikarije kumubwira ibyiyumvo bye. Hanyuma Elukana yamwijeje ko amukunda agira ati “mbese sinkurutira abana b’abahungu cumi?”

2:26; 3:5-8, 15, 19. Iyo dushohoje umurimo Imana yadushinze tubikuye ku mutima, tugakoresha imyitozo yo mu buryo bw’umwuka duhabwa kandi tukarangwa n’ikinyabupfura ndetse no kubaha, turushaho “gutona” imbere y’Imana n’abantu.

4:3, 4, 10. Isanduku y’isezerano yari iyera ariko ntiyashoboye kubera Abisirayeli nk’impigi yo kubarinda. Natwe tugomba ‘kwirinda ibishushanyo bisengwa.’—1 Yohana 5:21.

MBESE UMWAMI WA MBERE WA ISIRAYELI HARI ICYO YAGEZEHO?

(1 Samweli 8:1–15:35)

Mu buzima bwe bwose Samweli yabaye indahemuka kuri Yehova, ariko abahungu be ntibagendeye mu nzira zo gutinya Imana. Igihe abakuru b’Abisirayeli basabaga umwami w’umuntu, Yehova yaramubemereye. Samweli yakurikije amabwiriza ya Yehova maze asiga Sawuli, wari Umubenyamini ufite uburanga, ngo abe umwami. Sawuli yakomeje ubwami bwe atsinda Abamoni.

Umuhungu wa Sawuli w’intwari witwaga Yonatani yateye aho ingabo z’Abafilisitiya zari ziganditse. Abafilisitiya baje gutera Isirayeli bazanye ingabo nyinshi cyane. Sawuli yahiye ubwoba maze arenga ku mategeko, we ubwe atamba igitambo cyoswa. Yonatani wari intwari yateye ikindi gihome cy’Abafilisitiya ari kumwe n’uwari umutwaje intwaro wenyine. Icyakora, indahiro Sawuli yarahije ingabo ze ahubutse yatumye zidatsinda burundu abanzi bazo. Sawuli ‘yarwanye n’ababisha be bose impande zose’ (1 Samweli 14:47). Akimara gutsinda Abamaleki ariko, yasuzuguye Yehova arokora ibyari ‘byatuwe burundu’ cyangwa ibyari byagenewe kurimburwa (Abalewi 27:28, 29). Ibyo byatumye Yehova yanga ko Sawuli akomeza kuba umwami.

Ibibazo bishingiye ku Byanditswe byashubijwe:

9:9—Amagambo avuga ngo “ubu uwitwa umuhanuzi kera yitwaga bamenya” asobanura iki? Ayo magambo ashobora kuba yerekana ko uko abahanuzi bagendaga barushaho kumenyekana cyane mu gihe cya Samweli ndetse no ku ngoma zakurikiyeho z’abami ba Isirayeli, ijambo “bamenya” ryaje gusimburwa n’ijambo “umuhanuzi.” Samweli ni we ubarwa ko ari uwa mbere mu ruhererekane rw’abahanuzi.—Ibyakozwe 3:24.

14:24-32, 44, 45—Ese Yonatani yaba atarakomeje kwemerwa n’Imana kubera ko yarenze ku ndahiro ya Sawuli akarya ubuki? Uko bigaragara, icyo gikorwa nticyatumye Yonatani adakomeza kwemerwa n’Imana. Mbere na mbere, Yonatani ntiyigeze amenya iby’iyo ndahiro ya se. Ikindi kandi, iyo ndahiro ya Sawuli, yaba yaratewe n’ishyaka ritava mu bwenge yari afite cyangwa kuba yarabonaga ububasha bw’ubwami mu buryo butari bwo, yatumye abaturage bagerwaho n’ingorane. Ubwo se ni gute Imana yari kwemera indahiro nk’iyo? N’ubwo Yonatani yari yemeye kwirengera ingaruka z’uko yari yarenze ku ndahiro, yararokotse.

15:6—Kuki Sawuli yitaye ku Bakeni mu buryo  bwihariye? Abakeni bari abana ba sebukwe wa Mose. Bari barafashije Abisirayeli bamaze kuva ku Musozi Sinayi (Kubara 10:29-32). Bageze mu gihugu cy’i Kanaani, Abakeni na bwo bamaze igihe runaka baturanye n’Abayuda (Abacamanza 1:16). N’ubwo nyuma Abakeni baje kujya gutura mu Bamaleki ndetse no mu yandi mahanga, bakomeje kubana neza n’Abisirayeli. Bityo rero, Sawuli yari afite impamvu zumvikana zo kutarimbura Abakeni.

Icyo ibyo bitwigisha:

9:21; 10:22, 27. Imico yo kwicisha bugufi no kwiyoroshya Sawuli yari afite mu mizo ya mbere akiba umwami, yamubujije kugira icyo akora ahubutse igihe abagabo “bamwe b’ibigoryi” bangaga kwemera ko ari umwami. Mbega ukuntu iyo myifatire ishobora kuturinda gukora ibintu duhubutse!

12:20, 21. Ntukemere ngo “ibitagira umumaro,” urugero nko kwiringira abantu, kwishingikiriza ku mbaraga za gisirikare igihugu gifite cyangwa gusenga ibishushanyo, bitume ureka gukorera Yehova.

12:24. Ikintu kizadufasha gukomeza gutinya Yehova mu buryo burangwa no kumwubaha kandi tukamukorera n’umutima wacu wose, ni ‘ukureba ibintu bikomeye’ yakoreye ubwoko bwe haba mu gihe cya kera ndetse no muri iki gihe.

13:10-14; 15:22-25, 30. Tugomba kuba maso tukirinda ubwibone, bwaba bugaragarira mu bikorwa by’agasuzuguro cyangwa mu myifatire yo kwiyemera.—Imigani 11:2.

UMUSHUMBA WARI UKIRI UMWANA ATORANYIRIZWA KUBA UMWAMI

(1 Samweli 16:1–31:13)

Samweli yasize Dawidi wo mu muryango wa Yuda ngo azabe umwami wa Isirayeli. Nyuma yaho gato, Dawidi yishe Umufilisitiya w’igihangange witwaga Goliyati amwicishije ibuye rimwe gusa ry’umuhumetso. Dawidi na Yonatani babaye incuti magara. Sawuli yagize Dawidi umugaba w’ingabo ze. Kubera ko Dawidi yanesheje abanzi babo incuro nyinshi, abagore bo muri Isirayeli bararirimbye bati “Sawuli yishe ibihumbi, Dawidi yica inzovu” (1 Samweli 18:7). Sawuli yagize ishyari ryinshi ashaka kwica Dawidi. Dawidi abonye Sawuli agerageje kumwica incuro eshatu zose, yarahunze kandi akajya ahora yimuka ahungira ahantu hatandukanye.

Muri iyo myaka Dawidi yamaze ahora agenda yimuka yihishahisha, yabonye uburyo bwo kwica Sawuli incuro ebyiri ariko aramureka. Amaherezo yaje guhura n’umugore mwiza cyane witwaga Abigayili maze aramurongora. Igihe Abafilisitiya bateraga Abisirayeli, Sawuli yatakambiye Yehova, ariko Yehova yari yamuteye umugongo. Samweli yari yarapfuye. Sawuli yarihebye maze ajya kuraguza ku mupfumu, uwo mupfumu amubwira ko azagwa ku rugamba arwana n’Abafilisitiya. Sawuli yakomerekeye bikomeye muri iyo mirwano kandi abahungu be baricwa. Iyo nkuru isoza ivuga iby’urupfu rwa Sawuli wapfuye nta cyo agezeho. Dawidi we yari acyihishahisha.

Ibibazo bishingiye ku Byanditswe byashubijwe:

16:14—Ni uwuhe mwuka mubi wajyaga uhagarika Sawuli umutima? Uwo mwuka mubi wabuzaga Sawuli amahwemo ni ububi bwari mu bwenge bwe no mu mutima we, bwamuteraga gukora nabi. Igihe Yehova yamukuragaho umwuka we wera, Sawuli yatakaje uburinzi yahabwaga n’umwuka wera maze yigarurirwa na wa mwuka we mubi. Kubera ko Imana yemeye ko  uwo mwuka mubi usimbura umwuka wera wayo, ni yo mpamvu uwo mwuka mubi witwa ko ari “umwuka mubi uvuye ku Uwiteka.”

17:55—Dukurikije ibivugwa muri 1 Samweli 16:17-23, kuki Sawuli yashatse kumenya se wa Dawidi? Sawuli ntiyabajije ashaka kumenya gusa izina rya se wa Dawidi. Birashoboka cyane ko yashakaga kumenya neza uwo mugabo wabyaye umuhungu wakoze ibintu bitangaje cyane akica igihangange.

Icyo ibyo bitwigisha:

16:6, 7. Aho kujya twibanda cyane ku kuntu abandi bagaragara inyuma cyangwa ngo tujye duhita tubacira urubanza, tugomba kugerageza kubabona nk’uko Yehova ababona.

17:47-50. Dushobora guhangana dufite ubutwari n’abantu batwanga bagereranywa na Goliyati, baturwanya cyangwa badutoteza, kubera ko “intambara ari iy’Uwiteka.”

18:1, 3; 20:41, 42. Dushobora kubona incuti nyancuti mu bantu bakunda Yehova.

21:13, 14. Yehova aba yiteze ko dukoresha ubushobozi bwacu bwo gutekereza hamwe n’ubuhanga bwacu mu guhangana n’ingorane duhura na zo mu buzima. Yaduhaye Ijambo rye ryahumetswe rituma tujijuka, tukagira ubumenyi ndetse n’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza (Imigani 1:4). Dufite kandi ubufasha duhabwa n’abasaza b’Abakristo bashyizweho.

24:7; 26:11. Dawidi yatanze urugero rwiza rwo kubaha nta buryarya abasizwe na Yehova.

25:23-33. Abigayili yabaye intangarugero mu kugaragaza ubwenge.

28:8-19. Mu mihati imyuka mibi ishyiraho kugira ngo iyobye abantu cyangwa ibagirire nabi, ishobora kuza yiyitirira abantu runaka bapfuye. Tugomba kuzibukira ubupfumu ubwo ari bwo bwose.—Gutegeka 18:10-12.

30:23, 24. Uwo mwanzuro ushingiye mu Kubara 31:27, ugaragaza ko Yehova aha agaciro abakora imirimo yo kunganira abandi mu itorero. Ku bw’ibyo rero, ibyo twaba dukora byose, nimucyo tujye ‘tubikora tubikuye ku mutima, nk’abakorera Shebuja mukuru badakorera abantu.’—Abakolosayi 3:23.

Ni iki ‘kiruta ibitambo’?

Ni ukuhe kuri kw’ibanze kwagaragajwe n’ibyabaye kuri Eli, Samweli, Sawuli na Dawidi? Uko kuri ni uku: “kumvira kuruta ibitambo, kandi kwitonda kukaruta ibinure by’amasekurume y’intama. Kuko ubugome busa n’icyaha cy’uburozi, kandi n’udakurwa ku ijambo asa n’uramya ibishushanyo na terafimu.”—1 Samweli 15:22, 23.

Dufite igikundiro cyo kwifatanya mu murimo ukorwa ku isi hose wo kubwiriza Ubwami no guhindura abantu abigishwa. Mu gihe dutambira Yehova “ishimwe ry’iminwa yacu,” tugomba gukora uko dushoboye kose tukumvira ubuyobozi aduha binyuze mu Ijambo rye ryanditswe no ku gice cyo ku isi cy’umuteguro we.—Hoseya 14:3; Abaheburayo 13:15.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 23]

Umwami wa mbere wa Isirayeli yarahindutse areka kuba umutegetsi wicisha bugufi kandi wiyoroshya, maze aba umwami urangwa n’ubwibone

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 24]

Ni iki dushobora kwiringira mu gihe duhanganye n’abantu baturwanya bagereranywa na Goliyati?