Inkuru ivuga ibyabaye mu mibereho

Ndi umunyantege nke ariko mfite imbaraga

BYAVUZWE NA LEOPOLD ENGLEITNER

Umusirikare mukuru wo mu barindaga Hitileri yafashe pisitori ayintunga ku mutwe, arambaza ati “witeguye gupfa? Ubu ngiye kukurasa kubera ko wanze kwisubiraho.” Nagerageje gukomeza kugira ijwi rituje ndamusubiza nti “nditeguye.” Nafunze umwuka, ndahumiriza maze ntegereza ko arasa, ariko ntiyigeze arasa. Yankuye imbunda kuri nyiramivumbi, arankankamira ati “uri igicucu cyane ku buryo udakwiriye no gupfa.” Ariko se ubundi byagenze bite kugira ngo ngere muri iyo mimerere y’akaga?

NAVUTSE ku itariki ya 23 Nyakanga 1905, mvukira mu mujyi wa Aigen-Voglhub uri mu misozi ya Alpes yo muri Otirishiya. Data yakoraga mu isarumara naho mama yari umukobwa w’umuhinzi wo mu karere k’iwacu, akaba ari jye wari umuhungu wabo mukuru. Ababyeyi banjye bari abakene, ariko bakundaga akazi. Nakuriye mu mujyi wa Bad Ischl, hafi ya Salzburg, hagati y’ibiyaga bifite ubwiza nyaburanga n’imisozi myiza cyane.

Nkiri umwana nakundaga gutekereza ku karengane kabaho mu buzima, bidatewe gusa n’uko iwacu twari abakene ahubwo nanone bitewe n’uko nari naravukanye inyonjo. Iyo nyonjo yatumaga mbabara umugongo ku buryo ntashoboraga guhagarara nemye. Ku ishuri sinari nemerewe gukora igororangingo kandi abanyeshuri twiganaga barannyegaga.

Intambara ya mbere y’isi yose irangiye, ubwo nari mfite imyaka 14, nabonye ko igihe cyari kigeze ngo nshake akazi ndebe ko nakwigobotora ubukene. Nahoranaga inzara yantemaga amara, kandi nanegekajwe n’umuriro naterwaga n’indwara yiswe grippe espagnole, yahitanye abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni. Abahinzi-borozi hafi ya bose najyaga gusaba akazi  barambwiraga bati “umuntu nkawe utagira urutege washobora gukora iki?” Icyakora hari umuhinzi w’umugiraneza wampaye akazi.

Urukundo rw’Imana rwankoze ku mutima

N’ubwo mama yari Umugatolika wamaramaje, najyaga mu misa rimwe na rimwe, cyane cyane bikaba byaraterwaga n’uko data yatangaga umudendezo kuri iyo ngingo. Naho jyewe nabuzwaga amahwemo no gusenga ibishushanyo byari byogeye muri Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma.

Umunsi umwe mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1931, hari incuti yanjye yansabye ko twazajyana mu materaniro y’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya nk’uko Abahamya ba Yehova bitwaga icyo gihe. Bampaye ibisubizo bishingiye kuri Bibiliya by’ibibazo by’ingenzi nibazaga, urugero: mbese gukoresha amashusho mu gusenga bishimisha Imana (Kuva 20:4, 5)? Mbese koko umuriro w’iteka ubaho (Umubwiriza 9:5)? Mbese abapfuye bazazuka?—Yohana 5:28, 29.

Icyankoze ku mutima cyane, ni ukumenya ko Imana itemera intambara z’abantu zimena amaraso, kabone n’iyo zaba zitwa ko zirwanwa mu izina ryayo. Namenye ko ‘Imana ari urukundo,’ kandi ko ifite izina riruta andi yose ari ryo Yehova (1 Yohana 4:8; Yeremiya 16:21). Nashimishijwe no kumenya ko Ubwami bwa Yehova buzatuma abantu bashobora kubaho iteka bishimye muri paradizo izakwira isi yose. Nanone namenye ibyiringiro bihebuje bya bamwe mu bantu badatunganye Imana yahamagariye kuzimana na Yesu mu Bwami bwayo bwo mu ijuru. Nari niteguye gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo nzabone ubwo Bwami. Bityo, muri Gicurasi 1932 narabatijwe mba umwe mu Bahamya ba Yehova. Gutera iyo ntambwe byasabaga ubutwari bitewe n’umwuka wo kutoroherana mu by’idini wari wiganje muri Otirishiya waterwaga n’uko Kiliziya Gatolika yari yarahashinze ibirindiro muri icyo gihe.

Nsuzugurwa nkanarwanywa

Ababyeyi banjye barababaye cyane igihe nasezeraga mu idini, kandi padiri yahise atangariza iyo nkuru kuri alitali. Iyo abaturanyi bambonaga baciraga hasi bangaragariza ko bansuzuguye. Icyakora nari nariyemeje kuzaba umubwiriza w’igihe cyose, kandi natangiye gukora umurimo w’ubupayiniya muri Mutarama 1934.

Imimerere yo mu rwego rwa politiki yagendaga irushaho kuzamba kubera ko amatwara y’ishyaka rya Nazi yagendaga asakara mu ntara yacu. Igihe nari umupayiniya mu Kibaya cy’uruzi rwa Enns mu karere ka Styria, aho najyaga hose abapolisi babaga bandi inyuma; ku bw’ibyo nkaba naragombaga ‘kugira ubwenge nk’inzoka’ (Matayo 10:16). Kuva mu mwaka wa 1934 kugeza mu wa 1938, nahoraga ntotezwa. N’ubwo ntari mfite akazi, banze kumpa ibyahabwaga abadafite akazi, kandi incuro nyinshi nagiye mfungwa igihe gito, n’incuro enye nafunzwe igihe kirekire nzira ko nakoraga umurimo wo kubwiriza.

Ingabo za Hitileri zigarurira Otirishiya

Muri Werurwe 1938, ingabo za Hitileri zigaruriye Otirishiya. Mu minsi mike zari zafashe abantu basaga 90.000, bangana na 2 ku ijana by’abaturage bakuru bashinjwaga ko barwanya ubutegetsi bwa Nazi, zibohereza muri gereza no mu bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa. Abahamya ba Yehova bari bariteguye ibyari kuzabageraho. Mu mpeshyi yo mu mwaka wa 1937, abantu benshi mu bari bagize itorero ry’iwacu bakoze urugendo rw’ibirometero 350 ku magare bajya i Prague mu ikoraniro mpuzamahanga. Igihe bariyo, bumvise ibikorwa by’agahomamunwa byakorerwaga bagenzi bacu duhuje ukwizera bo mu Budage. Byaragaragaraga ko ari twe twari dutahiwe.

Uhereye igihe ingabo za Hitileri zakandagiriye ku butaka bwa Otirishiya, byabaye ngombwa ko amateraniro n’umurimo wo kubwiriza by’Abahamya ba Yehova bikorerwa mu bwihisho. N’ubwo ibitabo byinjizwaga rwihishwa binyuze ku mupaka w’u Busuwisi, ntitwabonaga ibihagije. Bityo, Abakristo bagenzi bacu b’i Vienne batangiye gucapa ibitabo rwihishwa. Incuro nyinshi nakoraga akazi ko gushyikiriza Abahamya ibitabo.

 Njyanwa mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa

Ku itariki ya 4 Mata 1939, jye n’abandi Bakristo bagenzi banjye batatu twafashwe n’abapolisi b’abamaneko igihe twari mu Rwibutso rw’urupfu rwa Kristo i Bad Ischl. Badushyize mu modoka batujyana mu biro bikuru by’abapolisi by’i Linz. Bwari ubwa mbere ngenda mu modoka, ariko nari mfite ubwoba cyane ku buryo ntabonye uko niyumvira umunyenga. Igihe nari i Linz, incuro nyinshi bajyaga bampata ibibazo bakanankorera ibya mfura mbi, ariko sinigeze nteshuka ku kwizera kwanjye. Hashize amezi atanu, nashyikirijwe umucamanza wo mu majyaruguru ya Otirishiya kugira ngo asuzume ibyanjye. Mu buryo butunguranye, bampanaguyeho ibyaha byose; ariko amakuba yanjye ntiyari arangiye. Hagati aho, abo bavandimwe batatu boherejwe mu bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa, aho bakomeje kuba indahemuka kugeza bahaguye.

Narafunzwe maze ku itariki ya 5 Ukwakira 1939, bamenyesha ko ngiye koherezwa mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa cy’i Buchenwald mu Budage. Hari gari ya moshi yihariye yari idutegereje aho bategera gari ya moshi i Linz. Iyo gari ya moshi yari ifite twa kasho tw’abantu babiri babiri. Nari muri kasho imwe n’uwahoze ari guverineri wa Otirishiya y’amajyaruguru, Dogiteri Heinrich Gleissner.

Jye na Dogiteri Gleissner twagiranye ikiganiro gishishikaje. Yari ababajwe mu by’ukuri n’imimerere iteye agahinda narimo, kandi yashavujwe no kumenya ko no mu gihe yari guverineri, Abahamya ba Yehova bahuye n’ibibazo bitabarika byo mu rwego rw’amategeko mu ntara yayoboraga. Yavuze yicuza ati “Bwana Engleitner, sinshobora gukuraho ibibi twabakoreye, ariko ndashaka gusaba imbabazi rwose. Biragaragara ko leta yacu yananiwe kubahiriza ubutabera. Nimuramuka mukeneye ubufasha, nzishimira rwose gukora ibyo nzaba nshoboye byose.” Nyuma y’intambara twongeye guhura. Yamfashije kubona amafaranga ya pansiyo leta yahaga abibasiwe n’Abanazi.

“Ngiye kukurasa”

Ku itariki ya 9 Ukwakira 1939, ni bwo nageze mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa cy’i Buchenwald. Nyuma yaho gato, umuyobozi wa gereza yo muri icyo kigo bamubwiye ko mu bantu bari baje harimo n’Umuhamya, nuko atangira kunyibasira. Yarankubise angira inoge. Hanyuma amaze kubona ko atashoboraga gutuma nteshuka ku kwizera kwanjye, yaravuze ati “Engleitner, ubu ngiye kukurasa. Ariko mbere y’uko nkurasa, ndakureka ubanze wandikire ababyeyi bawe ibaruwa yo kubasezeraho.” Natekereje amagambo ahumuriza nashoboraga kwandikira ababyeyi banjye, ariko iyo nashyiraga ikaramu ku rupapuro yankomaga ku nkokora, bigatuma nandika nabi. Yambwiye annyega ati “igicucu gusa! Ntashobora no kwandika umurongo umwe ugororotse, ariko ntibimubuza gusoma Bibiliya.”

Hanyuma yafashe pisitori ayintunga mu  mutwe, maze atuma ntekereza ko yari agiye kurasa nk’uko nabivuze ngitangira. Hanyuma y’ibyo yaranshushubikanyije anjugunya muri ka kasho gato kari kuzuye abantu benshi cyane nta ruhumekero. Ijoro ryose naraye mpagaze. Ariko se ubundi nari kuryama nte ko nababaraga umubiri wose? “Ihumure” abo twari dufunganywe bashoboraga kumpa, ni ukumbwira bati “gupfa umuntu azira idini ry’injiji, ni ukuzira ubusa rwose.” Dogiteri Gleissner yari muri kasho yegeranye n’iyanjye. Yumvise ibyari byabaye, maze ariyumvira ati “itotezwa ry’Abakristo rirongeye!”

Mu mpeshyi yo mu mwaka wa 1940, abanyururu bose bategetswe kujya gukura amabuye ku Cyumweru, n’ubwo ubusanzwe ku Cyumweru twabaga dufite ikiruhuko. Ibyo byari ukwihimura ku “makosa” bamwe mu banyururu bari bakoze. Twategetswe gutwara ibibuye binini tubivana aho twabikuraga tukabijyana mu kigo. Abanyururu babiri bagerageje kumpekesha ikibuye kinini, kandi kubera ko cyari kiremereye cyari kigiye gutuma nitura hasi. Ariko Arthur Rödl wari umuyobozi w’ikigo watinywaga cyane, yangobotse mu buryo butari bwitezwe. Yabonye ukuntu nagendaga nandara ntwaye icyo kibuye, arambwira ati “ntushobora kugera mu kigo n’iryo buye ufite ku mugongo! Hita urishyira hasi!” Kumvira iryo tegeko byaranduhuye cyane. Hanyuma Rödl yanyeretse irindi buye rito, maze arambwira ati “fata ririya buye urijyane mu kigo. Ni ryo ryoroshye!” Nyuma yaho yabwiye gapita wacu ati “reka Abigishwa ba Bibiliya basubire mu macumbi yabo. Ibyo bakoze uyu munsi birahagije!”

Buri munsi iyo akazi kabaga karangiye, buri gihe nishimiraga kwifatanya n’umuryango wanjye wo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Twari dufite gahunda zo gusaranganya ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Umuvandimwe yandikaga umurongo wa Bibiliya ku gapapuro maze akagahereza abandi. Twari twaranashoboye kwinjiza Bibiliya mu kigo rwihishwa. Twayiciyemo ibice buri gitabo kijya ukwacyo. Namaranye amezi atatu igitabo cya Yobu nari narahawe. Nagihishaga mu masogisi. Inkuru ya Yobu yamfashije gukomeza gushikama.

Amaherezo, ku itariki ya 7 Werurwe 1941, nari mu itsinda ry’imfungwa zimuriwe mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa cya Niederhagen. Buri munsi nagendaga ndushaho kumererwa nabi. Umunsi umwe, jye n’abandi bavandimwe babiri twategetswe gupakira ibikoresho mu bisanduku. Turangije, abasirikare baradushoreye turi kumwe n’izindi mfungwa dusubira mu kigo. Umusirikare yabonye ko ntihutaga nk‘abandi. Yararakaye cyane ankubita ikintu mu mugongo ntiteguye, arankomeretsa cyane. Narababaye cyane bitavugwa, ariko bukeye bwaho n’ubwo nari ngifite ububabare, nagiye ku kazi.

Ndekurwa mu buryo butunguranye

Amaherezo, muri Mata 1943 ikigo cy’i Niederhagen cyarafunzwe imfungwa zimurirwa ahandi. Nimuriwe mu kigo cyicirwagamo  imfungwa cy’i Ravensbrück. Hanyuma muri Kamena 1943, mu buryo butari bwitezwe nahawe uburyo bwo kuva mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa. Icyo gihe ntibyasabaga ko mbanza kwihakana ukwizera kwanjye. Byansabaga gusa kwemera ko nzakora imirimo y’agahato y’ubuhinzi mu buzima bwanjye bwose. Nemeye kubikora kugira ngo mbone uko naruhuka amahano yo muri icyo kigo. Nagiye kureba umuganga wo muri icyo kigo kugira ngo ansuzume bwa nyuma. Uwo muganga yaratangaye ambonye. Yariyamiriye ati “ni igitangaza, uracyari Umuhamya wa Yehova?” Naramushubije nti “yego Bwana Dogite!” Yakomeje agira ati “niba ari ibyo, simbona impamvu tugomba kugusezerera. Ku rundi ruhande ariko, natwe twaba turuhutse dukize umuntu nkawe usigaye umeze nk’umuzimu.”

Ibyo ntibyari ugukabya. Ubuzima bwanjye bwari bumeze nabi cyane. Uruhu rwanjye rwari rwarashizeho ruribwa n’imbaragasa, inkoni nakubiswe zari zaratumye mfa ugutwi kumwe, kandi umubiri wanjye wose wari wuzuye ibisebe bininda. Nyuma y’amezi 46 batwima ibyo twari dukeneye, duhora twicishwa inzara kandi dukoreshwa uburetwa, nari nsigaye mpima ibiro 28 gusa. Ni muri iyo mimerere nasezerewe mu kigo cya Ravensbrück ku itariki ya 15 Nyakanga 1943.

Nashyizwe muri gari ya moshi insubiza iwacu ntari kumwe n’abasirikare bandinze, maze njya kwitaba ku biro by’abamaneko by’i Linz. Umupolisi mukuru w’umumaneko yampaye impapuro zinsezerera, maze aranyihanangiriza ati “niba utekereza ko tukurekuye kugira ngo ukomeze ibikorwa byanyu mukora rwihishwa, uribeshya cyane! Imana izagufashe gusa ntituzagufate ubwiriza.”

Amaherezo nageze iwacu! Nta kintu mama yari yarigeze ahindura mu cyumba cyanjye: byose byari bimeze uko nabisize igihe nafatwaga ku itariki ya 4 Mata 1939. Ndetse na Bibiliya yanjye yari ikirambuye ku kameza k’iruhande rw’igitanda cyanjye! Nahise mfukama mvuga isengesho rivuye ku mutima nshimira.

Bidatinze noherejwe gukora mu isambu yari mu misozi. Nyir’iyo sambu twari incuti tukiri abana, kandi yajyaga ampemba n’ubwo atari ategetswe kumpemba. Mbere y’intambara, iyo ncuti yari yaranyemereye guhisha ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya mu isambu yayo. Nishimiye gukoresha neza ibyo bitabo bike kugira ngo nongere ntore agatege mu buryo bw’umwuka. Nabonye ibyo nari nkeneye byose, kandi nari niyemeje gukomeza kwihangana kugeza igihe intambara yari kuzarangirira.

Nihisha mu misozi

Icyakora iyo minsi ituje y’umudendezo ntiyamaze kabiri. Muri Kanama rwagati mu 1943, nategetswe kwitaba umuganga w’abasirikare kugira ngo ansuzume. Yabanje kuvuga ko ntari nshoboye igisirikare bitewe n’inyonjo nari mfite mu mugongo. Ariko hashize icyumweru kimwe nyuma yaho, yasubiyemo raporo ye arandika ati “ashoboye igisirikare, bityo yajya ku rugamba.” Abasirikare bamaze igihe runaka barayobewe aho narigitiye, ariko amaherezo ku itariki 17 Mata 1945, mbere gato y’uko intambara irangira, baramfashe. Bahise banjyana ku rugamba.

Nafashe utuntu duke na Bibiliya, mpungira mu misozi yo hafi aho. Mu mizo ya mbere, nashoboraga kurara hanze, ariko ikirere cyarahindurije maze hagwa urubura rwa santimetero 50. Naratose cyane. Nashoboye kugera ku kazu kari ku musozi uri ku butumburuke bwa metero 1.200 hejuru y’inyanja. Kubera ko natitiraga, nacanye umuriro ndota, nanika n’imyenda yanjye. Kubera kandi ko nari naniwe cyane, narambaraye ku ntebe y’urubaho yari hafi y’iziko mpita nsinzira. Bidatinze, nashigukiye hejuru numvise ububabare bukaze. Imyenda yanjye  yari yafashwe n’umuriro! Nigaraguye hasi kugira ngo nzimye umuriro wari wamfashe. Umugongo wose wari washize.

N’ubwo hari akaga gakomeye, mbere y’uko bucya naranyonyombye nsubira kuri ya sambu yo mu misozi, ariko umugore w’uwo muhinzi yagize ubwoba cyane aranyirukana, ambwira ko hari umukwabu wo kunshakisha. Bityo nagiye iwacu. Ababyeyi banjye babanje kujijinganya kunyakira, ariko amaherezo barandetse ndyama mu nzu babikagamo ibyatsi by’amatungo, mama anyomora ibisebe. Icyakora hashize iminsi ibiri, ababyeyi banjye bari babuze amahwemo cyane ku buryo nabonye ko byari kuba byiza nsubiye kwihisha mu misozi.

Ku itariki ya 5 Gicurasi mu 1945, nakanguwe n’urusaku rwinshi. Nabonye indege z’ibihugu byari byarishyize hamwe zigurukira hafi. Icyo gihe namenye ko ubutegetsi bwa Hitileri bwari bwahirimye! Umwuka wa Yehova wari warankomeje kugira ngo nihanganire imimerere mibi bitavugwa. Niboneye ukuri kw’amagambo yo muri Zaburi ya 55:23, yampumurije cyane igihe natangiraga guhura n’ibigeragezo. ‘Nikoreje Uwiteka umutwaro wanjye,’ kandi n’ubwo nari mfite intege nke mu mubiri, yarandamiye igihe ‘nanyuraga mu gikombe cy’igicucu cy’urupfu.’—Zaburi 23:4.

“Aho intege nke ziri ni ho” imbaraga za Yehova zuzura

Nyuma y’intambara, buhoro buhoro ubuzima bwasubiye uko bwahoze. Nabanje gukorera ya ncuti yanjye mu isambu yayo yari mu misozi ikampemba. Ingabo z’Abanyamerika zimaze kwigarurira akarere k’iwacu muri Mata 1946, ni bwo nakomorewe ku gihano cyo kuzakora mu masambu y’ubuhinzi ubuzima bwanjye bwose.

Intambara irangiye, abavandimwe b’Abakristo b’i Bad Ischl no mu karere kegeranye na ho, batangiye kugira amateraniro buri gihe. Batangiye kubwiriza bafite ishyaka ridasanzwe. Nabonye akazi k’izamu mu ruganda, bityo nshobora gukomeza umurimo w’ubupayiniya. Amaherezo nagiye gutura mu karere ka St. Wolfgang, hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1949 nshyingiranwa na Theresia Kurz, wari ufite umwana w’umukobwa yabyaranye n’umugabo we wa mbere. Twamaranye imyaka 32, kugeza igihe umugore wanjye nakundaga yapfiriye mu mwaka wa 1981. Nari naramaze imyaka isanga irindwi murwaje.

Theresia amaze gupfa, nongeye gukora ubupayiniya, ari na byo byamfashije kwibagirwa agahinda natewe no gupfusha umugore wanjye. Ubu ndi umupayiniya nkaba n’umusaza mu itorero ry’i Bad Ischl. Kubera ko ngendera mu kagare, mpa abantu ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya kandi nkabwiriza abantu baba bari mu busitani bw’i Bad Ischl cyangwa abanyura imbere y’iwanjye, mbagezaho ibihereranye n’ibyiringiro by’Ubwami. Ibiganiro bishishikaje bishingiye kuri Bibiliya ngirana na bo bituma ngira ibyishimo byinshi cyane.

Iyo nshubije amaso inyuma, nshobora guhamya ko ibintu biteye ubwoba nanyuzemo bitatumye mba umurakare. Birumvikana nyine ko hari igihe numvaga nihebye bitewe n’ibigeragezo; ariko imishyikirano isusurutse nari mfitanye na Yehova Imana yamfashije gutsinda ibyo bihe byari biruhije. Amagambo Umwami wacu yabwiye Pawulo agira ati ‘aho intege nke ziri ni ho imbaraga zanjye zuzura,’ nanjye yansohoreyeho. Ubu mfite imyaka hafi ijana, nshobora kunga mu ry’intumwa Pawulo wagize ati “ku bwa Kristo nzishimira intege nke zanjye no guhemurwa, nzishimira n’imibabaro no kurenganywa n’ibyago. Kuko iyo mbaye umunyantege nke ari ho ndushaho kugira imbaraga.”—2 Abakorinto 12:9, 10.

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 25]

Nafashwe n’abapolisi b’abamaneko muri Mata 1939

Urwandiko rw’abamaneko rwariho ibirego, muri Gicurasi 1939

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Amafoto yombi: Privatarchiv; B. Rammerstorfer

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 26]

Nihishe mu misozi yo hafi y’iwacu

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 23 yavuye]

Foto Hofer, Bad Ischl, Austria