Umuzuko ni ibyiringiro bihebuje

ABANTU benshi bemera ibyiringiro by’umuzuko. Korowani, ari cyo gitabo gitagatifu cy’Abisilamu, irimo igice cyose kivuga iby’umuzuko. Hari imirongo yo muri Sura ya 75 igira iti “ndahiye rwose ko Umunsi w’Umuzuko uzabaho . . . Mbese umuntu atekereza ko Tudashobora guteranya amagufwa ye? . . . Arabaza ati ‘mbese Umunsi w’Umuzuko uzaba ryari?’ Mbese (uwo) ntafite ubushobozi bwo guha uwapfuye ubuzima?”—Sura 75:1-6, 40.

Hari igitabo kivuga ko mu idini rya “zoroastrisme bigisha ko hazabaho intambara ya nyuma yo kunesha ikibi, ko hazabaho umuzuko w’abantu bose, ko hazabaho umunsi wa nyuma w’urubanza, kandi ko abakiranutsi bazahabwa isi izaba yakuweho ibibi.”—The New Encyclopædia Britannica.

Ikindi gitabo kivuga ko umuzuko ari “imyizerere ivuga ko amaherezo abapfuye bazazukana imibiri yabo bakongera kuba ku isi.” Icyo gitabo kinavuga ko imyizerere yemerwaga n’Abayahudi ivuga ko umuntu afite ubugingo budapfa, ituma abantu bagwa mu rujijo. Icyo gitabo cyongeraho ko “muri rusange imyizerere y’umuzuko no kudapfa k’ubugingo ivuguruzanya.”—Encyclopaedia Judaica.

Idini ry’Abahindu ryigisha ko umuntu agenda avuka incuro nyinshi cyangwa ko ubugingo bwe bwimukira mu wundi mubiri. Kugira ngo ibyo bibe ukuri, bisaba ko umuntu yagira ubugingo bwakomeza kubaho amaze gupfa. Igitabo gitagatifu cy’Abahindu kigira kiti “ubugingo buba mu bice byose bigize umubiri ntibushobora gupfa. Nta wushobora kurimbura ubugingo budapfa.”—Bhagavad Gita.

Imyizerere y’Ababuda itandukanye n’iy’Abahindu kubera ko Ababuda bo bavuga ko ubugingo bupfa. Icyakora, muri iki gihe Ababuda benshi bo mu Burasirazuba bwa Aziya bemera ko ubugingo budapfa, ko ahubwo bugenda bwimuka buva mu mubiri bujya mu wundi. *

Urujijo ku bihereranye n’inyigisho y’umuzuko

Abayobora imihango y’ihamba ikorwa mu madini yiyita aya gikristo akenshi bavuga ibihereranye n’ubugingo bukomeza kubaho iyo umuntu apfuye kandi bakavuga iby’umuzuko. Urugero, abapasiteri b’Abangilikani akenshi basubiramo amagambo agira ati “kubera ko Imana Ishoborabyose, ku bw’imbabazi zayo nyinshi, yashatse gutwara ubugingo bwa mwene data uyu utuvuyemo, ni cyo gitumye dushyingura umubiri we mu butaka, kuko ubutaka bujya mu butaka, ivu rikajya mu rindi, umukungugu ukajya mu mukungugu; tukaba twiringiye tudashidikanya ko azazuka akabaho iteka ku bw’Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo.”—The Book of Common Prayer.

 Ayo magambo ashobora gutuma umuntu yibaza niba Bibiliya yigisha umuzuko cyangwa niba yigisha ko ubugingo bukomeza kubaho iyo umuntu apfuye. Ariko kandi, zirikana amagambo Umuporotesitanti w’Umufaransa, akaba n’umwarimu muri kaminuza witwa Oscar Cullmann yanditse mu gitabo cye. Yagize ati “hari itandukaniro rinini cyane hagati y’imyizerere ya gikristo y’umuzuko w’abapfuye n’imyizerere y’Abagiriki y’ukudapfa k’ubugingo . . . N’ubwo hari igihe cyageze Ubukristo bugashyira isano hagati y’iyo myizerere yombi, ubu Umukristo usanzwe ntashobora gutandukanya iyo myizerere neza; simbona impamvu nahisha ibyo jye n’abantu benshi mu ntiti tubona ko ari ukuri. . . . Imyizerere yibandwaho cyane mu Isezerano Rishya ni iy’umuzuko. . . . Umuntu uko yakabaye, uba yarapfuye, yongera kuba muzima binyuze ku gikorwa gishya cy’irema cy’Imana.”—Immortalité de l’âme ou Résurrection des morts?

Birumvikana rero ko muri rusange abantu baterwa urujijo n’ibihereranye n’urupfu n’umuzuko. Kugira ngo urwo rujijo ruveho, dukeneye kwifashisha Bibiliya, yo irimo ukuri kwahishuwe n’Umuremyi w’umuntu, ari we Yehova Imana. Bibiliya ivuga inkuru nyinshi z’abantu bazutse. Nimucyo dusuzume enye muri zo kandi turebe icyo zihishura ku bihereranye n’umuzuko.

“Abagore bahabwaga abo bapfushije bazutse”

Mu ibaruwa intumwa Pawulo yandikiye Abayahudi babaye Abakristo, yavuze ko abagore bari bafite ukwizera “bahabwaga abo bapfushije bazutse” (Abaheburayo 11:35). Umwe muri abo bagore yabaga i Sarefati mu mujyi wo muri Foyinike, hafi y’i Sidoni ku nkengero za Mediterane. Yari umupfakazi wacumbikiye umuhanuzi w’Imana Eliya kandi akamuha ibyokurya, ndetse no mu gihe cy’amapfa akaze. Ikibabaje, umuhungu w’uwo mugore yaje kurwara maze arapfa. Eliya yahise amujyana mu cyumba cyo hejuru yacumbikagamo maze asenga Yehova kugira ngo yongere ahe uwo mwana ubuzima. Igitangaza cyarabaye kandi uwo mwana aba muzima. Eliya yamushyiriye nyina aramubwira ati “nguyu umwana wawe, ni muzima.” Uwo mugore yabyifashemo ate? Yavuganye ibyishimo ati “noneho menye ko uri umuntu w’Imana koko, kandi ko ijambo ry’Uwiteka uvuga ko ari iry’ukuri.”—1 Abami 17:22-24.

Ku birometero 100 ugana mu majyepfo ya Sarefati, habaga umugore n’umugabo we b’abanyabuntu bajyaga bita ku muhanuzi Elisa wari warasimbuye Eliya. Uwo mugore yari azwi cyane mu mujyi w’iwabo wa Shunemu. We n’umugabo we bemeye gucumbikira Elisa mu cyumba cyo hejuru cy’inzu yabo. Akababaro bari baratewe no kutagira akana, kaje guhinduka ibyishimo igihe uwo mugore yabyaraga umwana w’umuhungu. Uko umwana yakuraga, yakundaga kujyana n’abasaruzi aho se yabaga ari mu murima. Umunsi umwe ishyano ryaraguye. Uwo mwana yarize ataka umutwe. Umugaragu yahise amwirukankana amushyira nyina mu rugo. Nyina yamwicaje ku bibero, ariko umwana yakomeje kuremba amaherezo arapfa. Uwo mugore wishwe n’akababaro yiyemeje kujya guhamagara Elisa  kugira ngo amufashe. Yajyanye n’umugaragu we berekeza mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bw’umusozi Karumeli, aho Elisa yabaga.

Uwo muhanuzi yahise yohereza umugaragu we Gehazi ngo yihute agende mbere yabo, maze agezeyo asanga koko wa mwana yapfuye. Elisa n’uwo mugore bagiye bamukurikiye, ariko se byagenze bite ubwo amaherezo bageraga i Shunemu? Inkuru yo mu 2 Abami 4:32-37 igira iti “nuko Elisa araza yinjira mu nzu asanga umwana yapfuye, aryamye kuri bwa buriri bwe. Arinjira yikingirana n’uwo mwana bombi, atakambira Uwiteka. Arurira yubama kuri uwo mwana, umunwa ku wundi amaso ku maso, amaboko ku yandi, amurambararaho intumbi y’umwana irashyuha. Elisa arabyuka yigenzagenza muri iyo nzu, akubita hirya aragaruka, arongera arurira amurambararaho, umwana yitsamura karindwi arambura amaso. Elisa ahamagara Gehazi aramubwira ati ‘hamagara uwo Mushunemukazi.’ Aramuhamagara aramwitaba. Ahageze aramubwira ati ‘terura umwana wawe.’ Nuko araza arunama amugwa ku birenge, maze aterura umwana we arasohoka.”

Kimwe na wa mupfakazi w’i Sarefati, uwo mugore w’i Shunemu yari azi ko ibyari byabaye byari byatewe n’imbaraga z’Imana. Abo bagore bombi bagize ibyishimo byinshi kubera ko Imana yari yashubije ubuzima abana babo bakundaga cyane.

Abantu bazuwe mu gihe cy’umurimo wa Yesu

Hashize hafi imyaka 900, hari umuzuko wabereye hafi y’umujyi wa Nayini mu majyaruguru ya Shunemu. Ubwo Yesu Kristo n’abigishwa be bavaga i Kaperinawumu kandi bari hafi y’irembo ry’i Nayini bahuye n’abantu bari bikoreye ikiriba, nuko Yesu abona umupfakazi wari wapfushije umuhungu we w’ikinege. Yesu yamubwiye ko yarekera aho kurira. Umuganga Luka yasobanuye ibyakurikiyeho agira ati “[Yesu] yegera ikiriba agikoraho, abacyikoreye barahagarara. Ati ‘muhungu, ndagutegetse byuka.’ Uwari upfuye arabaduka atangira kuvuga, Yesu amusubiza nyina” (Luka 7:14, 15). Abari babonye icyo gitangaza basingiza Imana. Inkuru ivuga iby’uwo muzuko ikwira muri Yudaya y’amajyepfo no mu midugudu yari ihakikije. Igishimishije, abigishwa ba Yohana Umubatiza barabyumvise kandi babwira Yohana icyo gitangaza. Nuko na we ahita abohereza kujya kureba Yesu no kumubaza niba yari we Mesiya bari bategereje. Yesu yarababwiye ati “nimugende mubwire Yohana ibyo mubonye n’ibyo mwumvise. Impumyi zirahumuka, abacumbagira baragenda, ababembe barakira, ibipfamatwi birumva, abapfuye barazurwa, abakene barabwirwa ubutumwa bwiza.”—Luka 7:22.

Igitangaza cyo kuzura umuntu Yesu yakoze cyamenyekanye cyane kurusha ibindi, ni icyo  yakoreye incuti ye Lazaro. Lazaro amaze gupfa, haciyeho iminsi kugira ngo Yesu agere aho uwo muryango wari utuye. Ubwo amaherezo Yesu yageraga i Betaniya, Lazaro yari amaze iminsi ine apfuye. Igihe Yesu yategekaga ko bakuraho ibuye ryari ritwikiriye imva, Marita yabyanze avuga ati “databuja none aranuka kuko amaze iminsi ine” (Yohana 11:39). Nyamara kandi, kubora uko ari ko kose k’umubiri wa Lazaro, ntikwigeze kumubuza kuzuka. Itegeko Yesu yatanze ryatumye ‘uwari wapfuye asohoka azingazingiye mu myenda amaguru n’amaboko, n’igitambaro gipfutse mu maso he.’ Ibintu abanzi ba Yesu bakoze nyuma yaho byagaragaje neza ko Lazaro yari yazutse.—Yohana 11:43, 44; 12:1, 9-11.

Ni iki izo nkuru zose uko ari enye zivuga iby’umuzuko zitumye dusobanukirwa? Buri muntu wese wazutse yazukaga ari wa wundi. Abantu bahitaga bamumenya, ndetse na bene wabo ba bugufi. Nta n’umwe mu bazutse wavuze uko byari bimeze mu gihe gito yamaze yapfuye. Nta wigeze avuga ko hari ahandi hantu yari yagiye. Uko bigaragara bose bazutse bafite ubuzima bwiza. Kuri bo, byari nk’aho bari basinziriye mu gihe runaka hanyuma bagakangurwa, nk’uko Yesu yabivuze (Yohana 11:11). Icyakora, hashize igihe runaka buri wese muri abo yongeye gupfa.

Kuzongera kubonana n’abo twakundaga bapfuye, ni ibyiringiro bihebuje

Igihe gito nyuma y’urupfu rubabaje rwa Owen twavuze mu ngingo yabanjirije iyi, se yasuye umuturanyi we. Agezeyo yabonye agapapuro k’itumira ku meza, kavugaga ko hazaba disikuru mbwirwaruhame yateguwe n’Abahamya ba Yehova. Umutwe wayo wagiraga uti “Abapfuye bari he?” waramushishikaje. Icyo ni cyo kibazo yibazaga. Yagiye kumva iyo disikuru maze ahakura ihumure nyakuri ritangwa na Bibiliya. Yamenye ko abapfuye batababara. Aho kugira ngo abapfuye, harimo na Owen, bajye mu muriro w’iteka cyangwa ngo Imana ibajyane mu ijuru kuba abamarayika, bategerereza mu mva kugeza igihe bazakangurirwa bakazurwa.—Umubwiriza 9:5, 10; Ezekiyeli 18:4.

Mbese umuryango wanyu wagize ibyago? Mbese nk’uko byagendekeye se wa Owen, ujya wibaza aho abawe wakundaga bapfuye bari muri iki gihe ukanibaza uko ushobora kuzongera kubabona? Niba ari uko bimeze, tugutumiriye kureba inyigisho zirambuye Bibiliya itanga ku bihereranye n’umuzuko. Wenda uribaza uti ‘mbese umuzuko uzaba ryari? Mu by’ukuri se ni nde uzazuka?’ Wasoma ingingo ikurikira, irasubiza ibyo bibazo hamwe n’ibindi.

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[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 5]

Yehova yakoresheje Elisa kugira ngo azure umuhungu w’Umushunemukazi

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 5]

Eliya yasenze Yehova kugira ngo asubize ubuzima umwana w’umuhungu

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 6]

Yesu yazuye umuhungu w’umupfakazi w’i Nayini

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 7]

Umuzuko uzahuza abantu n’abo bakundaga