Abakristo b’ukuri ni bande?

UMUHANGA mu bya tewolojiya w’Umusuwisi witwa Hans Küng yaravuze ati “Abakristo b’ukuri ni abigisha kandi bagashyira mu bikorwa inyigisho za Yesu Kristo” (On Being a Christian). Ibyo Hans Küng yavuze ni ibintu byumvikana rwose; Abakristo b’ukuri ni abashyira mu bikorwa inyigisho za Kristo.

Bite se niba amadini cyangwa abantu biyita abigishwa ba Kristo, ariko mu by’ukuri bakaba badashyira mu bikorwa ibyo Yesu yigishije? Yesu ubwe yavuze ko abantu benshi bari kuziyita Abakristo. Abo bantu bari kuzagaragaza ibintu bitandukanye byerekana ko bakoreye Yesu bagira bati “ntitwahanuraga mu izina ryawe, ntitwirukanaga abadayimoni mu izina ryawe, ntitwakoraga ibitangaza byinshi mu izina ryawe?” Ariko se Yesu yari kuzabyakira ate? Amagambo atunguranye yavuze agaragaza  neza urwo yabaciriye. Yagize ati “sinigeze kubamenya, nimumve imbere mwa nkozi z’ibibi mwe.”—Matayo 7:22, 23.

Mbega umuburo udaciye ku ruhande Yesu yahaye abantu b’“inkozi z’ibibi” biyita abigishwa be! Nimucyo dusuzume ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi Yesu yavuze ko azamenyeraho Abakristo b’ukuri, aho kubanga abaziza ko ari inkozi z’ibibi.

“Nimukundana”

Yesu yavuze ikintu cya mbere cyari kuzaranga Abakristo b’ukuri agira ati ‘ndabaha itegeko rishya ngo mukundane nk’uko nabakunze, mube ari ko namwe mukundana. Ibyo ni byo bose bazabamenyeraho ko muri abigishwa banjye, nimukundana.’—Yohana 13:34, 35.

Yesu yasabye abigishwa be gukundana no gukunda abandi batari Abakristo. Mu binyejana byakurikiye urupfu rwa Yesu, hari Abakristo benshi buri muntu ku giti cye bagiye bashyira mu bikorwa icyo kintu cy’ingenzi yabasabye. Bite se ku madini menshi yagiye yiyitirira Kristo? Mbese amateka y’ayo madini agaragaza ko yaranzwe n’urukundo? Oya rwose! Ahubwo yagiye aza ku isonga mu ntambara n’amakimbirane bitagira ingano byatumye hameneka amaraso y’abantu benshi b’inzirakarengane.—Ibyahishuwe 18:24.

Ibyo byagiye byigaragaza kugeza no muri iki gihe. Ibihugu byitwa ko bigendera ku mahame ya gikristo, byagiye bigira uruhare rukomeye mu bwicanyi bwaranze intambara ebyiri z’isi yose zabaye mu kinyejana cya 20. Hambere aha, abayoboke b’amadini yiyita aya gikristo bari ku isonga mu bwicanyi bw’agahomamunwa n’itsembabwoko ryabereye mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1994. Nk’uko Musenyeri w’Umwangilikani witwa Desmond Tutu yabivuze, “abahindukiranye abandi bagatangira kubica mu buryo bwa kinyamaswa, bari bahuje imyizerere. Abenshi muri bo bari Abakristo.”

“Nimuguma mu ijambo ryanjye”

Ikintu cya kabiri cy’ingenzi cyari kuranga Abakristo b’ukuri, Yesu yakivuze muri aya magambo ngo ‘nimuguma mu ijambo ryanjye muzaba abigishwa banjye nyakuri, namwe muzamenya ukuri kandi ukuri ni ko kuzababatura.’—Yohana 8:31, 32.

Yesu aba yiteze ko abigishwa be baguma mu ijambo rye, bagakurikiza inyigisho ze. Nk’uko umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya witwa Küng yabivuze, aho kugira ngo abigisha bo mu madini yiyita aya gikristo babigenze batyo, batangiye “buhoro buhoro kugendera ku nyigisho za Kigiriki.” Inyigisho za Yesu bazisimbuje ibindi bitekerezo. Bimwe muri byo bikaba ari nko kudapfa k’ubugingo, purugatori, gusenga Mariya ndetse no kugira agatsiko k’abayobozi b’amadini. Ibyo bitekerezo bikomoka mu madini y’ibinyoma no ku bahanga mu bya filozofiya.—1 Abakorinto 1:19-21; 3:18-20.

Abigisha bo mu madini banazanye inyigisho itumvikana y’Ubutatu, ikaba ishyira Yesu mu mwanya atigeze yifuza kubamo. Iyo nyigisho yatumye abantu bayoba, ntibongera gusenga uwo Yesu yababwiraga ko bagomba gusenga ari we Yehova, Se wa Yesu (Matayo 5:16; 6:9; Yohana 14:28; 20:17). Hans Küng yaranditse  ati “iyo Yesu avuga Imana, aba avuga ya Mana ya kera y’abakurambere ari bo Aburahamu, Isaka na Yakobo. Iyo Mana yitwa Yehova. . . . Kuri Yesu, Yehova ni we ukwiriye kwitwa Imana wenyine.” Muri iki gihe, ni bangahe basobanukiwe ko Imana y’ukuri ari na yo Se wa Yesu Kristo yitwa Yehova, nk’uko izina ryayo ryandikwa mu Kinyarwanda?

Abayobozi b’amadini barenze rwose ku itegeko rya Yesu rivuga ko Abakristo batagomba kugira aho babogamira mu bya politiki. Umwanditsi witwa Trevor Morrow yavuze ko mu gihe cya Yesu, Galilaya yari “indiri y’abantu bakundaga igihugu by’agakabyo kandi bakirata ubwoko bwabo.” Abayahudi benshi bakundaga igihugu by’agakabyo bararwanye kugira ngo babone umudendezo wo mu rwego rwa politiki n’uwo mu rwego rw’idini. Ese Yesu yigeze abwira abigishwa be ngo barwane bene izo ntambara? Oya. Ahubwo yarababwiye ati ‘ntimuri ab’isi’ (Yohana 15:19; 17:14). Nk’uko umwanditsi ukomoka muri Irilande witwa Hubert Butler yabivuze, aho gukomeza kugaragaza ko ntaho babogamiye, abayobozi b’amadini bageze n’ubwo “bigisha ibyo gushyigikira intambara no kwivanga muri politiki.” Yaranditse ati “ iyo Abakristo bigisha ibya politiki, incuro nyinshi ntibatinda no gushyigikira intambara. Kandi iyo abategetsi bagiranye amasezerano n’abanyamadini bakagira ibyo babemerera, buri gihe abanyamadini na bo baha umugisha abasirikare b’icyo gihugu.”

Abigisha b’ibinyoma bihakana Yesu

Intumwa Pawulo yatanze umuburo avuga ko hari abari kuyoba ntibakomeze kuba Abakristo b’ukuri. Yavuze ko nyuma y’urupfu rwe, abantu yise “amasega aryana” bari kuzava mu biyita Abakristo ‘bakavuga ibigoramye, kugira ngo bakururire abigishwa inyuma yabo’ (Ibyakozwe 20:29, 30). Bari kujya “bavuga yuko bazi Imana” ariko mu by’ukuri ‘bakayihakanisha ibyo bakora’ (Tito 1:16). Intumwa Petero na we yatanze umuburo avuga ko abigisha b’ibinyoma bari ‘kuzazana rwihereranwa inyigisho zirema ibice zitera kurimbuka, ndetse bakazihakana na Shebuja wabacunguye.’ Yavuze ko ingeso zabo mbi zari gutuma ‘batukisha inzira y’ukuri’ (2 Petero 2:1, 2). Intiti yitwa W. E. Vine yo mu Bugiriki, yavuze ko kuba barihakanye Kristo bigaragaza ko “banze Umwana na Se bazana inyigisho z’ubuhakanyi bakanakwirakwiza inyigisho zangiza.”

Kuba abiyita abigishwa ba Yesu baranze nkana ‘kuguma mu ijambo [rye]’ no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo yabasabaga, byari gutuma ababona ate? Yatanze umuburo agira ati “umuntu uzanyihakanira imbere y’abantu wese, nanjye nzamwihakanira imbere ya Data uri mu ijuru” (Matayo 10:33). Birumvikana ko Yesu atakwihakana umuntu ukoze ikosa, ariko wari usanzwe akora uko ashoboye kose kugira ngo abe indahemuka. Urugero, nubwo Petero yihakanye Yesu incuro eshatu, yaricujije kandi yarababariwe (Matayo 26:69-75). Ariko kandi, Yesu yanga abantu ndetse n’amadini bigira intama kandi imbere ari amasega aryana, biyita abigishwa be nyamara bakanga nkana gukurikiza inyigisho ze bamaramaje. Yesu yavuze iby’abo bigishwa b’ibinyoma agira ati “muzabamenyera ku mbuto zabo.”—Matayo 7:15-20.

Nyuma y’urupfu rw’intumwa ubuhakanyi bwaratangiye

Ni ryari Abakristo b’ibinyoma batangiye guhakana Kristo? Batangiye nyuma gato y’urupfu rwa Yesu. Yesu ubwe yari yaratanze umuburo avuga ko nyuma y’urupfu rwe, Satani Umwanzi azahita abiba “urukungu” cyangwa Abakristo b’ibinyoma, mu ‘mbuto nziza’ Yesu yari yarabibye mu gihe cy’umurimo we, ari zo zigereranya Abakristo b’ukuri (Matayo 13:24, 25, 37-39). Intumwa Pawulo yatanze umuburo avuga ko mu gihe cye abigisha b’ibinyoma bariho. Yavuze ko baretse gukurikiza inyigisho za Yesu Kristo bitewe ahanini n’uko mu by’ukuri ‘batakundaga ukuri.’—2 Abatesalonike 2:10.

Igihe intumwa za Yesu Kristo zari zikiriho, zarinze itorero ntiryazamo ubuhakanyi. Ariko zimaze gupfa, abayobozi b’amadini bakoresheje ‘imbaraga zose n’ibimenyetso n’ibitangaza by’ibinyoma, n’ubuhenzi bwose bwo gukiranirwa,’ kugira ngo bayobye abantu benshi  cyane, bababuze kugendera ku nyigisho z’ukuri Kristo n’iz’intumwa ze bigishije (2 Abatesalonike 2:3, 6-12). Nk’uko umuhanga mu bya filozofiya w’Umwongereza yabivuze, nyuma y’igihe itorero rya mbere rya gikristo ryahindutsemo idini “rishobora gutangaza cyane Yesu na Pawulo baramutse baribonye.”

Ubukristo bw’ukuri bwongera gusubizwaho

Ibyo tubona ubwabyo birabigaragaza. Intumwa zimaze gupfa, abenshi mu biyitirira Kristo ntibagendeye ku nyigisho ze. Ariko ibyo ntibyabujije Yesu kubahiriza isezerano yari yaratanze ry’uko yari kuzagumana n’abigishwa be “iminsi yose kugeza ku mperuka y’isi” (Matayo 28:20). Dushobora kwiringira tudashidikanya ko kuva igihe Yesu yavugiye ayo magambo, hari abantu b’indahemuka bakomeje ‘kwigisha no gushyira mu bikorwa inyigisho za Yesu Kristo.’ Yesu Kristo yubahirije isezerano yatanze ryo gukomeza kubashyigikira, mu mihati bashyiraho bagaragaza urukundo ruranga Abakristo b’ukuri kandi bakomeza gushyira mu bikorwa inyigisho z’ukuri yigishije.

Ikindi kandi, Yesu yari yarasezeranyije ko mu minsi y’imperuka y’iyi si mbi, azakorakoranya abigishwa be b’indahemuka akabahuriza mu itorero rya gikristo n’undi wese ashobora gutahura, maze akarikoresha mu gusohoza umugambi we (Matayo 24:14, 45-47). Muri iki gihe akoresha iryo torero kugira ngo ahurize hamwe abagize “izindi ntama” barimo abagabo, abagore n’abana “bo mu mahanga yose n’imiryango yose n’amoko yose n’indimi zose,” abateranirize hamwe babe “umukumbi umwe” bayobowe n’“umwungeri umwe.”—Ibyahishuwe 7:9, 14-17; Yohana 10:16; Abefeso 4:11-16.

Bityo rero, birakwiriye ko witandukanya n’amadini yasebeje izina rya Kristo akanaharabika Ubukristo mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga ibihumbi bibiri ishize. Bitabaye ibyo, nk’uko Yesu Kristo yabibwiye intumwa Yohana, ushobora ‘kuzahabwa ku byago byayo’ vuba aha Imana niyasohorezaho urubanza yayaciriye (Ibyahishuwe 1:1; 18:4, 5). Iyemeze kuba mu bo umuhanuzi Mika yerekejeho igihe yavugaga ko “mu minsi y’imperuka” abasenga Imana by’ukuri, ari bo Bakristo nyakuri, bari kuzumvira amabwiriza y’Imana kandi ‘bakagendera mu nzira zayo’ zigana ku gusenga kutanduye kwashubijweho (Mika 4:1-4). Abanditsi b’iyi gazeti bazashimishwa no kugufasha kumenya abo bantu basenga Imana by’ukuri.

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 5]

Kuki Abakristo b’ukuri bativanga mu ntambara?

[Aho amafoto yavuye]

Soldiers, left: U.S. National Archives photo; flamethrower, right: U.S. Army Photo

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 7]

Yesu yavuze ko ibintu by’ingenzi byari kuranga Abakristo b’ukuri ari ‘ugukundana’ no ‘kuguma mu ijambo rye’