“Wite kuri uyu muzabibu!”

ABATASI 12 batambagiye mu duce tunyuranye tw’Igihugu cy’Isezerano. Mose yari yabasabye kwitegereza abantu baho no kuzana ku mbuto zo muri icyo gihugu. Ni izihe mbuto zabashishikaje mu buryo bwihariye? Hafi y’i Heburoni, bahasanze umurima w’imizabibu yari ifite imbuto nini, ku buryo iseri ryazo rimwe ryaje ritwawe n’abatasi babiri! Ako gace kareraga cyane ku buryo abatasi bakise “igikombe cya Eshikoli.”​—⁠Kubara 13:21-24.

Mu kinyejana cya 19, hari umuntu wasuye Palesitina maze aravuga ati “igikombe cya Eshikoli, cyangwa ikibaya cy’Inzabibu, . . . kiracyarimo imizabibu myinshi, kandi inzabibu zaho zigira ubwiza n’ubunini biruta iby’izindi zose zo muri Palesitina.” Nubwo imizabibu ya Eshikoli ari yo yari myiza cyane, mu bihe bya Bibiliya igice kinini cya Palesitina cyeraga inzabibu nziza. Amateka ya Egiputa agaragaza ko ba Farawo bakuraga vino mu gihugu cy’i Kanaani.

Hari igitabo cyagize kiti ‘kuba ako karere [ka Palesitina] kaberanye n’imizabibu, biterwa n’uko hari imisozi iriho amabuye, ubutaka bworoshye bw’urusekabuye bukunze kubona izuba, bigaterwa kandi n’ubushyuhe bwaho bwo mu mpeshyi, ndetse no kuba mu gihe cy’itumba ubutaka bwaho buhita busoma’ (The Natural History of the Bible). Yesaya yagaragaje ko hari uturere twiza cyane twabagamo imizabibu igera ku gihumbi.​—⁠Yesaya 7:⁠23.

‘Igihugu cy’imizabibu’

Mose yabwiye abari bagize ishyanga rya Isirayeli ko bari gutura mu gihugu cy’ “imizabibu n’imitini n’amakomamanga” (Gutegeka 8:8). Hari igitabo cyagize kiti “muri Palesitina ya kera hari higanje imizabibu, ku buryo ahantu henshi bacukuraga, niba atari hose, bahasangaga  utubuto tw’inzabibu” (Baker Encyclopedia of Bible Plants). Imizabibu yo mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano yareraga cyane ku buryo no mu mwaka wa 607 Mbere ya Yesu, ubwo ingabo za Nebukadinezari zayogozaga u Buyuda, abaturage basigaye mu gihugu ‘basaruraga imizabibu n’amatunda byo mu cyi byinshi cyane.’​—⁠Yeremiya 40:12; 52:16.

Kugira ngo abahinzi bo muri Isirayeli babone vino nyinshi, bagombaga kwita ku mizabibu yabo. Igitabo cya Yesaya kigaragaza ukuntu umuhinzi w’imizabibu wo muri Isirayeli yahingaga ku gasozi, agakuramo amabuye manini mbere yo gutera “insina y’umuzabibu y’ubwoko bwiza cyane.” Hanyuma yashoboraga kubaka uruzitiro rw’amabuye, akoresheje amabuye yabaga yavanye mu murima. Urwo ruzitiro rwarindaga imirima y’imizabibu kugira ngo amatungo atayangiza, rukanayirinda ingunzu, amasatura n’abajura. Uwo muhinzi yashoboraga no kuwucukuramo urwina, akubakamo n’umunara muto bugamagamo izuba mu gihe cy’isarura, ubwo imizabibu yabaga ikeneye kurindwa cyane. Nyuma y’iyo mirimo y’ibanze, yashoboraga kwiringira kuzabona umusaruro mwiza.​—⁠Yesaya 5:1, 2. *

Kugira ngo umuhinzi yizere kuzabona umusaruro mwiza, yahoraga yicira imizabibu ye kugira ngo yongere umusaruro, kandi akayibagarira agamije gukuramo ibyatsi bibi n’ibiti by’amahwa. Iyo imvura y’urugaryi yabaga yarabaye nkeya, mu gihe cy’impeshyi umuhinzi yuhiraga imizabibu ye.​—⁠Yesaya 5:6; 18:5; 27:2-4.

Igihe cyo gusarura inzabibu mu mpera z’impeshyi cyabaga ari igihe cy’ibyishimo (Yesaya 16:10). Hari zaburi eshatu zibimburirwa n’interuro ivuga ngo “babwirisha inanga ijwi ryitwa ‘Gititi’ ” (zaburi ya 8, iya 81 n’iya 84). Iyo mvugo itazwi neza yakoreshwaga mu muzika, yahinduwemo ‘urwina’ muri Bibiliya yitwa Septante, kandi ishobora kuba igaragaza ko Abisirayeli baririmbaga izo zaburi mu gihe cy’isarura ry’inzabibu. Nubwo ahanini inzabibu zengwagamo vino, Abisirayeli banaziryaga zigisarurwa cyangwa bakazumisha bakazikoresha utugati.​—⁠2 Samweli 6:19; 1 Ngoma 16:3.

Umuzabibu wa Isirayeli

Incuro nyinshi, Bibiliya igereranya ubwoko bw’Imana n’umuzabibu. Iryo gereranya rirakwiriye kubera ko Abisirayeli bahaga umuzabibu agaciro kenshi. Muri zaburi ya 80, Asafu yagereranyije ishyanga rya Isirayeli n’umuzabibu Yehova yari yarateye i Kanaani. Icyo gihugu cyari cyaratunganyijwe ku buryo uwo muzabibu, ari wo Isirayeli, washoboraga gushora imizi maze ugakomera. Ariko kandi, uko  igihe cyagendaga gihita, inzitiro zarurindaga zarasenyutse. Abagize iryo shyanga baretse kwiringira Yehova, na we ntiyongera kubarinda. Abanzi b’Abisirayeli basahuraga ubutunzi bwabo nk’uko isatura yona umurima w’imizabibu. Asafu yasenze asaba Yehova gufasha iryo shyanga kugira ngo risubirane icyubahiro ryahoranye. Yinginze Yehova agira ati “wite kuri uyu muzabibu.”​—⁠Zaburi 80:9-16, gereranya na NW.

Yesaya yagereranyije “inzu ya Isirayeli” n’imizabibu yagiye buhoro buhoro yera “indibu,” cyangwa imbuto zaboze (Yesaya 5:2, 7). Indibu ni nto cyane uzigereranyije n’inzabibu zihingwa, kandi zigira utubuto tunini ku buryo agace ko hagati y’akabuto n’igishishwa kaba ari gato. Indibu nta cyo zimaze: ntizivamo vino kandi ntiziribwa. Byari bikwiriye rero ko zigereranya ishyanga ry’abahakanyi ryeraga imbuto z’ubwicamategeko aho kwera izo gukiranuka. Kuba izo mbuto zarabaye mbi ntibyaturutse ku ikosa ry’Uwazihinze. Yehova yari yarakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo abagize iryo shyanga bere imbuto. Yarabajije ati “ikintu nari nkwiriye gukorera uruzabibu rwanjye nasize ni ikihe?”​—⁠Yesaya 5:4.

Kubera ko uwo muzabibu, ari wo Bisirayeli, wari wararumbye, Yehova yababuriye ko yari agiye gusenya uruzitiro yari yarabubakiye kugira ngo abarinde. Ntiyari kongera gukonora umuzabibu we w’ikigereranyo cyangwa ngo awuhingire. Imvura y’urugaryi yatumaga wera ntiyari kugwa, kandi umurima w’imizabibu wari kumeramo amahwa n’ibindi byatsi bibi.​—⁠Yesaya 5:5, 6.

Mose yari yarahanuye ko ubuhakanyi bw’Abisirayeli bwari gutuma imizabibu nyamizabibu yabo yangirika. Yaravuze ati “uzatera inzabibu uzihingire ariko ntuzanywa vino yazo, ntuzasoroma imbuto zazo kuko inanda zizazirya” (Gutegeka 28:39). Iyo agasimba kitwa inanda kinjiye mu ruti rw’umuzabibu kakarya umutima warwo, mu minsi ibiri uwo muzabibu ushobora kuba wumye.​—⁠Yesaya 24:7.

“Umuzabibu w’ukuri”

Nk’uko Yehova yagereranyije Isirayeli ya kera n’umuzabibu, Yesu na we yakoresheje urugero nk’urwo. Mu munsi mukuru abantu benshi bakunze kwita Ifunguro rya nyuma, Yesu yabwiye abigishwa be ati “ndi umuzabibu w’ukuri, kandi Data ni nyirawo uwuhingira” (Yohana 15:⁠1). Yesu yagereranyije abigishwa be n’amashami y’uwo muzabibu. Nk’uko amashami y’umuzabibu usanzwe akomezwa n’uko afashe ku giti, abigishwa ba Kristo na bo bagomba guhora bunze ubumwe na we. Yesu yaravuze ati “nta cyo mubasha gukora mutamfite” (Yohana 15:5). Abahinzi bahinga imizabibu kubera imbuto itanga. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, Yehova aba yiteze ko abagize ubwoko bwe bera imbuto nyinshi zo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Ibyo bituma Imana ishimwa kandi igahabwa ikuzo kuko ari yo yateye uwo muzabibu.​—⁠Yohana 15:8.

Ubusanzwe, umuzabibu wera imbuto bitewe n’uko ukorerwa kandi ugakonorwa.  Ibyo bintu byombi kandi Yesu yabikomojeho. Umuhinzi w’umuzabibu ashobora kuwukonora kabiri mu mwaka kugira ngo azabone umusaruro mwinshi. Mu mezi y’itumba, umuzabibu ushobora gukurwaho amashami menshi. Umuhinzi awukuraho amenshi mu mashami wari ufite mu mwaka wabanje, akawusigira amashami manini nk’atatu cyangwa ane, buri shami rikaba rifite agashami kamwe cyangwa tubiri. Nk’uko biba byaragenze mu mwaka wabanje, utwo dushami tugishibuka ni two tuba tuzera imbuto mu mpeshyi ikurikiraho. Hanyuma, iyo umuhinzi arangije gukonora, atwika ya mashami yakase.

Yesu yasobanuye uwo murimo wo gukonora umuzabibu bakuraho amashami menshi agira ati “umuntu utaguma muri jye ajugunywa hanze nk’ishami ryumye, maze bakayateranya bakayajugunya mu muriro agashya” (Yohana 15:6). Nubwo kugeza icyo gihe umuzabibu uba usa n’aho utagira amashami, mu rugaryi hakorwa irindi konora ryitondewe.

Yesu yaravuze ati “ishami ryose ryo muri jye ritera imbuto arikuraho” (Yohana 15:2). Ibyo bishobora kuba byerekeza ku ikonora rikorwa nyuma, iyo umuzabibu umaze gushibuka, kugira ngo uduseri tw’inzabibu tugaragare neza. Ubwo ni bwo umuhinzi agenzura buri shami rishya yitonze kugira ngo amenye amashami afite imbuto n’atazifite. Ayo ngayo adafite imbuto aramutse arekewe ku muzabibu, yakomeza kuwonka. Ni yo mpamvu umuhinzi ayakuraho kugira ngo ibitunga uwo muzabibu bijye mu mashami yera imbuto yonyine.

Hanyuma, Yesu yavuze ibirebana n’imirimo yo kwanganya amahage ku muzabibu cyangwa kuwukuraho ibisambo. Yabisobanuye agira ati “iryera imbuto ryose aryanganyaho amahage yaryo ngo rirusheho kwera imbuto” (Yohana 15:2). Iyo umuhinzi amaze gukuraho amashami adafite imbuto, agenzura buri shami rifite imbuto yitonze. Buri gihe asanga hafi y’aho ishami rishamikiye hari utundi dushami duto tuba dukeneye gukurwaho. Aramutse aretse utwo dushami tugakura, twajya tunyunyuza amatembagiti ya wa muzabibu kandi ubundi ari yo yagombye gutuma inzabibu zibona amazi. Muri ubwo buryo, hari ibibabi binini na byo biba bigomba gukurwaho kugira ngo inzabibu zikiri nto zishobore kubona izuba. Ngiyo rero imirimo ikorwa kugira ngo amashami yera ashobore kwera imbuto nyinshi.

Mukomeze ‘kwera imbuto nyinshi’

Amashami y’ikigereranyo y’ “umuzabibu w’ukuri” ashushanya Abakristo basizwe. Ariko rero, n’abagize “izindi ntama” bagomba kuba abigishwa ba Kristo bera imbuto (Yohana 10:16). Na bo bashobora kwera “imbuto nyinshi” bagahesha Data wo mu ijuru ikuzo (Yohana 15:5, 8). Urugero Yesu yatanze ruvuga iby’umuzabibu mwiza, rutwibutsa ko kugira ngo tuzakizwe tugomba kuguma muri Kristo, kandi tukera imbuto nziza zo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Yesu yaravuze ati “nimwitondera amategeko yanjye muzaguma mu rukundo rwanjye, nk’uko nanjye nitondeye amategeko ya Data nkaguma mu rukundo rwe.”​—⁠Yohana 15:10.

Mu gihe cya Zekariya, Imana yasezeranyije Abisirayeli b’indahemuka basigaye ko igihugu cyabo cyari kongera kugira ‘imbuto z’amahoro, umuzabibu ukera imbuto zawo, n’ubutaka bukera umwero wabwo’ (Zekariya 8:12). Umuzabibu nanone ugaragaza amahoro ubwoko bw’Imana buzagira mu gihe cy’Ubwami bwa Kristo bw’Imyaka Igihumbi. Mika yarahanuye ati “umuntu wese azatura munsi y’uruzabibu rwe no munsi y’umutini we, kandi nta wuzabakangisha kuko akanwa k’Uwiteka Nyiringabo ari ko kabivuze.”​—⁠Mika 4:4.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 18]

Umuzabibu umaze iminsi mike wumye

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 18]

Imirimo yo gukonora ikorwa mu itumba

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 18]

Amashami adafite akamaro aratwikwa