Barashakisha ubumenyi nyakuri

LAURA Fermi, umugore wa Enrico Fermi wari umuhanga mu bya fiziki uzwi cyane, yaravuze ati “ubujiji ntibuzigera na rimwe buruta ubumenyi.” Bamwe bashobora guhakana bavuga ko ibyo umuntu atazi nta cyo biba bizamutwara. Nyamara, abenshi babona ko ibyo Laura Fermi yavuze ari ukuri, haba mu birebana n’ubushakashatsi mu bya siyansi ndetse no mu buzima busanzwe. Ubujiji, ni ukuvuga kutamenya ukuri, bwatumye abantu benshi bahera mu gihirahiro, bamara ibinyejana byinshi bari mu mwijima w’icuraburindi mu birebana n’ubumenyi bwo mu ishuri, mu by’umuco no mu birebana n’idini.​—⁠Abefeso 4:18.

Ni yo mpamvu abantu bareba kure bashakisha ubumenyi nyakuri. Baba bifuza kumenya impamvu abantu bariho n’uko bizabagendekera mu gihe kiri imbere. Kugira ngo babone ibisubizo by’ibyo bibazo, bashakishirije ahantu henshi. Reka dusuzume muri make ahantu hamwe na hamwe bagiye bashakishiriza.

Bashakishirije mu madini

Dukurikije imyizerere y’Ababuda, Siddhārtha Gautama washinze idini ry’Ababuda yahangayikishwaga cyane no kuba abantu bababara kandi bagapfa. Yasabye abigisha iyobokamana mu idini ry’Abahindu ngo bamufashe kubona “inzira y’ukuri.” Bamwe muri bo bamugiriye inama yo kujya akora yoga no kugira imibereho irangwa no kwiyanga bikabije. Amaherezo Gautama yahisemo kujya yiherera agatekereza ku bintu cyane kuko yibwiraga ko ari byo bizatuma agera ku bumenyi nyakuri.

Abandi bashakishije ubumenyi nyakuri bakoresheje ibiyobyabwenge. Urugero, muri iki gihe abayoboke b’idini ry’abasangwabutaka bo muri Amerika (Native American Church), bavuga ko igiti cyo mu butayu cyitwa peyote kigira amatembagiti avamo ibiyobyabwenge, gituma umuntu “ahishurirwa ubumenyi buhishwe.”

Jean-Jacques Rousseau, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya w’Umufaransa wabayeho mu kinyejana cya 18, yatekerezaga ko iyo umuntu afite ikintu runaka yibaza kandi koko ashaka kukimenya, Imana ishobora kukimuhishurira. Ikimuhishurira ite? Ikimuhishurira iyo ateze amatwi “icyo Imana ibwira umutima we.” Rousseau yakomeje avuga ko uko wumva ibintu, ni ukuvuga icyo ibyiyumvo byawe n’umutimanama wawe bikubwira, ari byo “bizakubera ubuyobozi bwiringirwa kurusha ubundi muri iyi si irimo abantu bafite ibitekerezo bitandukanye.”​—⁠History of Western Philosophy.

Bashakishirije mu bushobozi abantu bafite bwo gutekereza

Abenshi mu bantu bo mu gihe cya Rousseau barwanyaga bivuye inyuma ubwo buryo bwo kubona ibintu busa n’ubufitanye isano n’idini. Urugero, mugenzi we w’Umufaransa witwaga Voltaire yumvaga ko aho kugira ngo idini rigeze abantu ku bumenyi nyakuri, ari ryo ryabaye intandaro y’ubujiji, kugendera ku miziririzo no kutoroherana byaranze ibihugu by’i Burayi mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi, imyaka bamwe mu bahanga bise ko ari Igihe cy’Icuraburindi.

Voltaire yabaye umwe mu bari bagize itsinda ry’Abanyaburayi bagenderaga kuri filozofiya yavugaga ko ibintu byose bibaho bigomba kuba bishingiye ku kuri gufatika, filozofiya yiswe Urumuri. Abari bashyigikiye iyo filozofiya bongeye  kugendera ku bitekerezo by’Abagiriki ba kera, byavugaga ko ubwenge bw’umuntu ndetse no gusobanura ibintu wifashishije ubushakashatsi ari byo bishobora gutuma umuntu agera ku bumenyi nyakuri. Bernard de Fontenelle na we wagenderaga kuri iyo filozofiya, yumvaga ko abantu baramutse batekereje, bishobora gutuma bagera “igihe bagira ubumenyi bwinshi, bukagenda bwiyongera uko bwije n’uko bukeye, ku buryo ugereranyije icyo gihe baba bagezemo n’ibinyejana byahise, wasanga byo byararanzwe n’ubujiji.”​—⁠Encyclopædia Britannica.

Ibyo ni bimwe mu bitekerezo bivuguruzanya ku birebana n’ukuntu umuntu yagera ku bumenyi nyakuri. Ariko se, haba hari “ubuyobozi bwiringirwa” dushobora kugenderaho mu gihe dushakisha ukuri? Nimucyo dusuzume icyo ingingo ikurikira ivuga ku birebana n’isoko yiringirwa twavomamo ubumenyi nyakuri.

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 3]

Gautama (Umubuda), Rousseau, na Voltaire bashakishirije ubumenyi nyakuri ahantu hatandukanye