Ushobora kubaho iteka

ABENSHI mu bayoboke b’amadini ari ku isi biringira ko bashobora kuzabaho iteka. Babyemera mu buryo bunyuranye bitewe n’idini barimo, ariko muri rusange ibyiringiro bikomeza kuba bimwe: kubaho iteka bishimye, batikanga urupfu. Ese ibyo si byo nawe wifuza? Ni gute wasobanura ukuntu imyizerere nk’iyo tuyisanga mu madini hafi ya yose? Kandi se, hari igihe ibyiringiro byo kubaho iteka bizasohozwa?

Ibyanditswe bigaragaza ko kuva kera Umuremyi yashyize icyifuzo cyo kubaho iteka mu bitekerezo by’abantu, igihe yaremaga umugabo n’umugore ba mbere. Bibiliya igira iti “[Imana] yashyize ibitekerezo by’igihe cy’iteka mu mitima yabo.”—Umubwiriza 3:11.

Icyakora, kugira ngo ibyo byiringiro byo kubaho iteka bisohozwe, umugabo n’umugore ba mbere basabwaga kwemera ko Imana ari yo ifite uburenganzira bwo kubereka icyiza n’ikibi. Iyo baza kubyemera, Yehova yari kubona ko bakwiriye kubaho “iteka ryose” batuye ahantu yari yarabateguriye, mu busitani bwa Edeni.—Itangiriro 2:8; 3:22.

Batakaje ubuzima bw’iteka

Inkuru yo muri Bibiliya igaragaza ko Imana yamejeje mu busitani ‘igiti cy’ubwenge bumenyesha icyiza n’ikibi,’ ikabuza Adamu na Eva kurya ku mbuto z’icyo giti, kuko kukiryaho byari kubazanira urupfu (Itangiriro 2:9, 17). Iyo Adamu na Eva batarya kuri izo mbuto, bari kuba bagaragaje ko bemeye ubutware bw’Imana. Ku rundi ruhande, kurya ku mbuto z’icyo giti byari kugaragaza ko banze ubutware bw’Imana. Adamu na Eva basuzuguye amabwiriza Imana yari yarabahaye bumvira Satani, ikiremwa cy’umwuka cyigometse ku butegetsi bw’Imana. Mu buryo buhuje n’ubutabera, ibyo byatumye Imana ibona ko Adamu na Eva badakwiriye kubaho iteka.—Itangiriro 3:1-6.

Imana yabashyize imbere ubuzima n’urupfu, kubaho no kutabaho. Kutumvira byari kubazanira urupfu kandi ubuzima bwabo bwari kuba buhagarariye aho. Adamu na Eva cyangwa abari kuzabakomokaho bose, nta n’umwe wari gukomeza kubaho abikesheje kunywa umuti ufite ubushobozi budasanzwe cyangwa kuba afite ubugingo budapfa (roho). *

Uko kwigomeka kwa Adamu byagize ingaruka ku bamukomotseho bose. Intumwa Pawulo yasobanuye ingaruka z’uko kwigomeka igihe yandikaga ati “nk’uko ibyaha byazanywe mu isi n’umuntu umwe, urupfu rukazanwa n’ibyaha ni ko urupfu rugera ku bantu bose kuko bose bakoze ibyaha.”—Abaroma 5:12.

Kubona ubuzima bw’iteka byongera gushoboka

Intumwa Pawulo yagereranyije imimerere urubyaro rwa Adamu rwarimo n’imimerere y’umuntu wabaga ari imbata mu kinyejana cya mbere. Kubera ko abakomoka kuri Adamu na Eva  barazwe icyaha, byanze bikunze bagombaga kuvuka ari “imbata z’ibyaha” kandi amaherezo bagapfa (Abaroma 5:12; 6:16, 17). Iyo Yehova ataza gutanga umuti wateganywaga n’amategeko ngo abantu bahabwe umudendezo bave muri ubwo bubata bw’icyaha, ntibari kuzigera na rimwe bava muri ubwo bubata. Pawulo yabisobanuye agira ati “ubwo igicumuro cy’umuntu umwe [Adamu] cyateye ko abantu bose bacirwa ho iteka, ni na ko icyo gukiranuka cyakozwe n’umuntu umwe cyahesheje abantu bose gutsindishirizwa.” “Icyo [gikorwa cyo] gukiranuka” cyatumye Yesu atanga ubuzima bwe butunganye yari afite akiri umuntu, abutangaho ho igitambo cy’“incungu ya bose.” Yehova yemeye ko icyo gitambo cyari gifite ubushobozi bwemewe n’amategeko bwo gukuriraho abantu urubanza rwo “gucirwaho iteka.”—Abaroma 5:16, 18, 19; 1 Timoteyo 2:5, 6.

Iyo ni yo mpamvu abahanga mu bya siyansi batazigera babona umuti wo kubaho iteka mu ngirabuzima fatizo zigena uko umuntu azaba ateye. Umuti w’icyo kibazo ni ukuwushakira ahandi. Dukurikije uko Bibiliya ibivuga, impamvu abantu bapfa ifitanye isano n’ubutabera no kugendera ku mahame mbwirizamuco, si ikibazo cyo gushakirwa mu ngirabuzima fatizo. Uburyo bwateganyijwe kugira ngo abantu bongere guhabwa ubuzima bw’iteka, ni ukuvuga igitambo cy’incungu cya Yesu, na bwo buhuje n’ubutabera. Nanone kandi, incungu igaragaza ineza yuje urukundo y’Imana no gukiranuka kwayo. None se ni nde uzungukirwa n’iyo ncungu agahabwa ubuzima bw’iteka?

Impano yo kudapfa

Yehova Imana ariho “uhereye iteka ryose ukageza iteka ryose.” Ntashobora gupfa (Zaburi 90:2). Umuntu wa mbere Yehova yahaye impano yo kudapfa ni Yesu Kristo. Intumwa Pawulo yabisobanuye agira ati ‘Kristo amaze kuzuka atagipfa, urupfu [ntirwari] rukimufiteho urutabi’ (Abaroma 6:9). Mu by’ukuri, Pawulo yerekanye aho Yesu wazutse atandukaniye n’abategetsi bo ku isi, avuga ko Yesu ari we wenyine ufite kudapfa. Yesu ‘azahoraho iteka ryose.’ Ubuzima bwe ‘ntibuzagira iherezo.’—Abaheburayo 7:15-17, 23-25; 1 Timoteyo 6:15, 16.

Yesu si we wenyine wahawe iyo mpano yo kudapfa. Abakristo basizwe bakaba baratoranyirijwe kuzaba abami mu ikuzo ryo mu ijuru, na bo bahawe impano yo kuzuka nk’ukwa Yesu  (Abaroma 6:5). Intumwa Yohana yagaragaje ko icyo gikundiro cyahawe abantu 144.000 (Ibyahishuwe 14:1). Na bo bahawe impano yo kudapfa. Pawulo yavuze ibyo kuzuka kwabo, agira ati ‘abafite umubiri n’amaraso bisa ntibabasha kuragwa ubwami bw’Imana . . . Impanda izavuga koko maze abapfuye bazurwe ubutazongera kubora natwe duhindurwe, kuko uyu mubiri ubora ukwiriye kuzambikwa kutabora, kandi uyu mubiri upfa ukwiriye kuzambikwa kudapfa.’ Abafite umugabane kuri uko kuzuka nta bushobozi urupfu rubafiteho.—1 Abakorinto 15:50-53; Ibyahishuwe 20:6.

Ibyo bintu Imana yahishuye birashishikaje cyane. Nubwo abamarayika ubwabo ari ibiremwa by’umwuka, ntibaremanywe kudapfa. Ibyo bigaragazwa n’uko bya biremwa by’umwuka byifatanyije na Satani mu kwigomeka bizarimburwa (Matayo 25:41). Nyamara abazategekana na Yesu bo bahawe impano yo kudapfa; ibyo bikaba bihamya ko Yehova yiringira byimazeyo ko bazakomeza kuba indahemuka.

None se ibyo bisobanura ko abantu 144.000 gusa, abantu bake cyane ugereranyije na za miriyari z’abantu babaye ku isi, ari bo bonyine bazahabwa ubuzima bw’iteka? Oya. Reka turebe impamvu.

Ubuzima bw’iteka mu isi izahinduka paradizo

Igitabo cya Bibiliya cy’Ibyahishuwe gisobanura iyerekwa rishishikaje rigaragaza imbaga y’abantu benshi umuntu atabasha kubara bahawe impano y’ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi yahindutse paradizo. Muri abo bantu harimo n’abandi bari barapfuye ariko bakazuka bagasubirana itoto n’imbaraga (Ibyahishuwe 7:9; 20:12, 13; 21:3, 4). Bajyanywe ku ‘ruzi rw’amazi y’ubugingo rubonerana nk’isarabwayi, ruva ku ntebe y’Imana.’ Hakurya no hakuno y’urwo ruzi hari ‘ibiti by’ubugingo’ kandi ‘ibibabi byabyo byari ibyo gukiza amahanga.’ Yehova Imana yishimiye gutumira abantu agira ati “ufite inyota naze, ushaka ajyane amazi y’ubugingo ku buntu.”—Ibyahishuwe 22:1, 2, 17.

Ibyo biti si ibivamo imiti ifite ubushobozi budasanzwe abantu bafata kugira ngo babeho iteka, imiti abahanga mu bya siyansi ba kera bagerageje gukora. Ayo mazi na yo si isoko y’amazi atuma abantu badasaza, ya yandi yashakishwaga n’abantu bakoraga ingendo bajyanywe no kugira ibyo bavumbura mu bihugu bya kure. Ahubwo ibyo biti n’ayo mazi bigereranya uburyo Imana yateguye binyuze kuri Yesu Kristo kugira ngo abantu bazongere kugira ubuzima butunganye nk’ubwo bari bafite bakiremwa.

Umugambi w’Imana wo guha ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi abantu bumvira, ntiwahindutse. Uwo mugambi uzasohora kubera ko Yehova ari indahemuka. Muri Zaburi ya 37:29, hagira hati “abakiranutsi bazaragwa igihugu, bakibemo iteka.” Twe hamwe n’abantu bafite ibyiringiro byo kuzahabwa ubuzima budapfa mu ijuru, iryo sezerano ridushishikariza gutangaza tuti “Mwami Imana Ishoborabyose, imirimo yawe irakomeye kandi iratangaje. Mugabe w’amahanga, inzira zawe ni izo gukiranuka n’ukuri. Mwami, ni nde utazakubaha cyangwa ngo ye guhimbaza izina ryawe, ko ari wowe wenyine wera?”—Ibyahishuwe 15:3, 4. 

Ese wifuza kuzabona impano y’agaciro kenshi y’ubuzima bw’iteka? Niba ubyifuza, ugomba kugaragaza ko wumvira kandi ko ubera indahemuka ‘Umugabe w’amahanga’ cyangwa Umwami w’iteka ryose. Ugomba kwiga ibirebana na Yehova ndetse n’uwo ubwo buzima bw’iteka bubonerwamo ari we Yesu Kristo. Abantu bose biteguye gukurikiza amahame y’Imana agenga icyiza n’ikibi bazahabwa impano y’‘ubugingo buhoraho.’—Yohana 17:3.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 5]

Inzozi abantu bamaranye igihe kirekire

Umugani muremure wo muri Mezopotamiya uvuga iby’igitekerezo cya Gilgamesh, abantu batekereza ko yabayeho ahagana mu kinyagihumbi cya kabiri Mbere ya Yesu, uvuga iby’iyo ntwari yagiye gushakisha umuti wo kudasaza. Abanyegiputa ba kera bajyaga basiga imiti imirambo y’abapfuye kugira ngo bayumishe, batekereza ko ubugingo buzongera bukagaruka muri iyo mibiri abantu bakaba bazima, kuko bizeraga ko ubugingo budapfa. Ni yo mpamvu wasangaga imva zimwe na zimwe z’Abanyegiputa zirimo ibintu byose bo bumvaga ko uwo muntu wabaga yapfuye azakenera mu mibereho azagira nyuma yo gupfa.

Kuri bamwe mu bahanga mu bya siyansi bo mu gihe cya kera b’Abashinwa, igitekerezo cy’uko umubiri udapfa gisa n’icyatangiye ahagana mu kinyejana cya munani Mbere ya Yesu. Igitekerezo cy’uko kunywa imiti ifite ubushobozi budasanzwe bishobora gutuma umubiri w’umuntu udapfa, cyo cyaje ahagana mu kinyejana cya kane Mbere ya Yesu. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bo mu Burayi babayeho hagati y’umwaka wa 476 kugeza ahagana mu wa 1500 hamwe n’ab’Abarabu, bakoze ubushakashatsi kandi bagerageza gukora imiti ifite ubushobozi budasanzwe bagira ngo bazabeho iteka. Imwe muri iyo miti yari irimo imyunyu yo mu rwego rwa shimi yitwa arsenic, mercure, na sulfure. Nta wamenya umubare w’abiroze igihe banywaga iyo miti!

Nanone kandi hari igihe hirya no hino ku isi hakwirakwiriye imigani yavugaga iby’Isoko y’Ubuto. Abantu bavugaga ko abanywaga ku mazi y’iyo soko bongeraga kuba abasore.

 [Agasanduku/​Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 7]

Mbese ubuzima bw’iteka buzarambirana?

Hari abarwanya igitekerezo cy’ubuzima bw’iteka bavuga ko bushobora kurambirana, ko bizaba gusa ari ugushaka icyo umuntu yakora buri munsi kugira ngo arebe ko igihe cyahita, ibyo akaba ari byo ahoramo. Bashobora kuba bibwira ko ubuzima bw’iteka ari imibereho yo muri iki gihe izakomeza ubuziraherezo, abantu benshi bakaba babona ko iyo mibereho irambirana kandi idafite icyo imaze. Ariko kandi, Imana isezeranya ko muri paradizo izongera gushyiraho, abantu “bazishimira amahoro menshi” (Zaburi 37:11). Ubwo buzima buzatuma abantu babona uburyo bwo gusobanukirwa neza ibyo Yehova yaremye kandi babone igihe gihagije cyo kongera ubuhanga bafite mu bintu runaka cyangwa bige ibindi bintu byose bifuza. Bazashobora gukora imirimo yose bumva bifuza gukora ubu ariko bakaba batabigeraho.

Dr.  Aubrey de Grey wazobereye mu birebana n’ingirabuzima fatizo zigena uko umuntu azaba ateye kandi wigisha muri kaminuza yitwa Cambridge University, yakoze ubushakashatsi mu birebana n’icyatuma abantu barushaho kubaho igihe kirekire. Yaravuze ati “muri iki gihe, abantu bazobereye mu bintu runaka kandi bafite igihe cyo gukoresha ubumenyi bwabo, ntibigera barambirwa kandi bumva ko buri gihe bazahora bafite ibintu bishya bashaka kumenya.” Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Ijambo ry’Imana rivuga ko “umuntu atabasha gusesengura imirimo Imana yakoze, uhereye mbere na mbere ukazagera ku iherezo.”—Umubwiriza 3:11.