Ese umuhango w’Abayahudi wo kwiyuhagira ni wo wahindutse umubatizo?

YOHANA UMUBATIZA yabwirizaga abantu iby’“umubatizo wo kwihana.” Yesu na we yategetse abigishwa be guhindura abantu abigishwa no kubabatiza.​—Mariko 1:4; Matayo 28:19.

Bibiliya igaragaza ko umubatizo wa gikristo usaba ko umuntu yibizwa mu mazi akarengerwa. Hari igitabo kivuga ko “imigenzo nk’iyo ishobora kuboneka mu madini menshi, yaba ayo mu gihe cya kera cyangwa ay’iki gihe, mu turere tunyuranye no mu mico itandukanye” (Jesus and His World). Icyo gitabo cyemeza ko “umubatizo wa gikristo . . . ukomoka mu idini rya Kiyahudi.” Ese ibyo byaba ari ukuri?

Ibidendezi Abayahudi bakoreragamo umuhango wo kwiyuhagira

Igihe abahanga mu bucukumbuzi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo bacukuraga hafi y’Umusozi w’i Yerusalemu wari wubatseho Urusengero, bavumbuye ibidendezi hafi 100 byakorerwagamo umuhango wo kwiyuhagira, bikaba ari ibyo mu kinyejana cya mbere, mbere ya Yesu, no mu kinyejana cya mbere nyuma ya Yesu. Hari inyandiko yari ku isinagogi yo mu kinyejana cya kabiri cyangwa icya gatatu yavugaga ko ibyo bidendezi byari biteganyirijwe “abashyitsi babaga babikeneye.” Ibindi bidendezi byavumbuwe mu gace ka Yerusalemu kari gatuwe n’abantu b’abakungu n’imiryango y’abatambyi; hafi buri rugo rwari rwifitiye ikidendezi cyarwo bwite cyakorerwagamo umuhango wo kwiyuhagira.

Ibyo bidendezi byari ibigega by’amazi bifite ishusho y’urukiramende, byabaga byarakorogoshowe mu rutare, cyangwa bikaba byaracukuwe mu butaka bikubakishwa amatafari cyangwa amabuye. Barabikoteraga kugira ngo amazi atarigita mu butaka. Ibyinshi byabaga bifite metero 1,8 kuri 2,7. Byagiraga n’imiyoboro ijyanamo amazi y’imvura. Byajyagamo amazi afite nibura ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 1,2, kugira ngo umuntu najyamo agasutama arengerwe n’amazi. Rimwe na rimwe, ku madarajya abantu bamanukiragaho bajya mu mazi habaga hubatse agakuta kagufi gatandukanya inzira ebyiri. Abantu batekereza ko iyo umuntu yabaga ahumanye yamanukiraga ku ruhande rumwe ajya muri icyo kidendezi cyagenewe kwiyeza, mu kuvamo akanyura ku rundi kugira ngo adahumana.

Ibyo bidendezi byakoreshwaga mu muhango Abayahudi bari bafite wo kwiyeza.  None se uwo muhango wari ukubiyemo iki?

Amategeko n’imihango byajyanaga no kwiyuhagira

Amategeko ya Mose yatsindagirizaga ko abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bagombaga kuba abantu bera, haba mu buryo bw’umwuka no mu buryo bw’umubiri. Hari ibintu binyuranye byahumanyaga Abisirayeli, bakaba baragombaga kubyiyezaho biyuhagira kandi bakamesa imyenda yabo.—Abalewi 11:28; 14:1-9; 15:1-31; Gutegeka 23:11, 12.

Yehova ni uwera mu rugero ruhebuje. Bityo rero, abatambyi n’Abalewi bagombaga gukaraba intoki no koga ibirenge mbere yo kwegera igicaniro cye kugira ngo badapfa.—Kuva 30:17-21.

Intiti zemera ko mu kinyejana cya mbere, idini ry’Abayahudi ryasabaga abantu batari Abalewi kubahiriza amategeko arebana no kwiyeza yakurikizwaga n’abatambyi. Abeseni n’Abafarisayo bakoraga umuhango wo kwiyuhagira incuro nyinshi. Hari igitabo cyavuze ibyo mu gihe cya Yesu kigira kiti “Umuyahudi yagombaga gukora umuhango wo kwiyeza mbere yo kujya ku Musozi wari wubatsweho urusengero, mbere yo gutamba igitambo na mbere yo guhabwa umugisha uturutse ku ituro umutambyi yabaga yatuye, na mbere y’ibindi nk’ibyo.” Imyandiko yo muri Talmud (ari rwo rutonde rw’amategeko yagengaga iby’idini n’imibereho isanzwe y’Abayahudi) ivuga ko abiyuhagiraga bagombaga kwibira mu mazi bakarengerwa.

Yesu yanenze Abafarisayo kuko bibandaga ku muhango wo kwiyeza. Birumvikana ko ‘bibizaga bakanajabika’ ibintu “by’uburyo bwinshi,” hakubiyemo “ibikombe n’inzabya n’inkono z’imiringa.” Yesu yavuze ko Abafarisayo barengaga ku mategeko y’Imana bagahatira abantu gukurikiza imigenzo bishyiriyeho (Abaheburayo 9:10; Mariko 7:1-9; Abalewi 11:32, 33; Luka 11:38-42). Nta tegeko na rimwe ryo mu Mategeko ya Mose ryasabaga abantu kwibira mu mazi bakarengerwa.

Ese umubatizo wa gikristo wakomotse ku muhango wo kwiyuhagira wakorwaga n’Abayahudi? Oya!

Umuhango wo kwiyuhagira n’umubatizo wa gikristo

Abayahudi bagiraga imihango yo kwiyeza. Icyakora, umubatizo Yohana yabatizaga nta ho wari uhuriye n’umuhango wo kwiyuhagira Abayahudi bari basanzwe bakora. Kuba Yohana yaritwaga Umubatiza, bigaragaza ko uburyo yibizaga abantu mu mazi bwari butandukanye n’uwo muhango. Ndetse n’abayobozi b’idini rya Kiyahudi bohereje intumwa ngo zimubaze ziti “ubatiriza iki?”—Yohana 1:25.

Amategeko ya Mose yavugaga ko, uko umuntu usenga Yehova yahumanaga, yagombaga guhita yongera akiyeza. Ariko mu mubatizo wa Yohana si ko byagendaga, kandi Abakristo ntibigeze babigenza batyo mu mubatizo wabo. Umubatizo wa Yohana wagaragazaga ko umuntu yihannye kandi akareka imibereho yari asanganywe. Umubatizo wa gikristo wagaragazaga ko umuntu yabaga yiyeguriye Imana. Umukristo yabikoraga rimwe gusa, ntiyabikoraga incuro nyinshi.

Umuhango wo kwiyuhagira wakorerwaga mu ngo z’abatambyi b’Abayahudi no mu bidendezi rusange byari hafi y’Umusozi wari wubatsweho urusengero, nta kintu kigaragara wari uhuriyeho n’umubatizo wa gikristo. Ubwo buryo bwombi bwo kwibira mu mazi bwasobanuraga ibintu bitandukanye. Hari igitabo cyagize kiti “intiti zemeranya ko Yohana [Umubatiza] atigeze afata uburyo bumwe bwo kwibiza abantu bwakorwaga iwabo, ni ukuvuga mu idini rya Kiyahudi, ngo abuvugurure” (The Anchor Bible Dictionary). Ibyo ni na ko bimeze ku birebana n’umubatizo ukorwa mu itorero rya gikristo.

Umubatizo wa gikristo ushushanya “isezerano ku Mana ry’umutima uticīra urubanza” (1 Petero 3:21). Ugaragaza ko umuntu yiyeguriye Yehova kugira ngo amukorere ari umwigishwa w’Umwana we. Kwibiza umuntu mu mazi akarengerwa, ni ikimenyetso gikwiriye kigaragaza bene uko kwiyegurira Imana. Kwibizwa mu mazi bishushanya ko umuntu apfuye ku mibereho yari asanganywe, naho kuburuka bigashushanya ko wa muntu abaye muzima kugira ngo akore ibyo Imana ishaka.

Yehova Imana aha umutimanama ukeye abamwiyeguriye muri ubwo buryo kandi bakabatizwa. Ni yo mpamvu intumwa Petero wahumekewe n’Imana yabwiye bagenzi be bahuje ukwizera ati ‘na n’ubu [umubatizo] ni wo ukibakiza namwe.’ Icyo ni ikintu umuhango uwo ari wo wose wo kwiyuhagira Abayahudi bakoraga utashoboraga na rimwe kugeraho.