Ubukristo bugera muri Aziya Ntoya

MU KINYEJANA cya mbere, muri Aziya Ntoya (igice kinini cya Aziya Ntoya giherereye muri Turukiya y’ubu) havutse amatorero menshi. Abantu benshi b’Abayuda n’Abanyamahanga bitabiriye ubutumwa Abakristo batangazaga. Hari inkoranyamagambo isobanura amagambo yo muri Bibiliya igira iti “usibye muri Siriya na Palesitina, aha muri Aziya Ntoya ni ho Ubukristo bwatangiriye gutera imbere.”

Dushobora gusobanukirwa neza uburyo Ubukristo bwakwiriye muri ako karere binyuriye mu gusuzumira hamwe inkuru dusanga ahantu hatandukanye. Reka turebe ukuntu dushobora kungukirwa no gusuzuma izo inkuru.

Abakristo ba mbere muri Aziya Ntoya

Ikintu cy’ingenzi cyagize uruhare mu gukwirakwiza Ubukristo muri Asiya Ntoya cyabaye kuri Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33. Icyo gihe abantu benshi bavuze indimi zitandukanye, hakubiyemo Abayahudi babaga mu mahanga (hanze ya Palestina) n’Abanyamahanga bahindukiriye idini ry’Abayahudi, bari bateraniye i Yerusalemu. Abigishwa ba Yesu babwirije ubutumwa bwiza abo bashyitsi bari aho. Amateka avuga ko abenshi baturukaga i Kapadokiya, i Ponto, (izo zikaba zari intara za Aziya *) i Furugiya n’i Pamfiliya. Utwo turere tukaba twari tugize igice kinini cya Aziya Ntoya. Abantu bagera ku 3000 bari bateze amatwi bemeye ubutumwa Abakristo bababwirije, maze barabatizwa. Igihe basubiraga iwabo, bakwirakwije uko kwizera gushya mu duce tw’iwabo.—Ibyakozwe 2:5-11, 41.

Indi nkuru yo muri Bibiliya ivuga iby’ingendo z’ubumisiyonari intumwa Pawulo yagiye agirira mu karere ka Aziya Ntoya. Urugendo rwe rwa mbere, rugomba kuba rwarabaye hagati y’umwaka wa 47 na 48, yarukoranye na bagenzi be mu bwato bava i Kupuro berekeza muri Aziya Ntoya, bagera i Peruga mu ntara ya Pamfiliya. Bageze mu mujyi witaruye inyanja wa Antiyokiya ya Pisidiya, Abayahudi babagiriye ishyari barabarwanya kubera ko umurimo wabo wo kubwiriza wari urimo ugera kuri byinshi. Igihe Pawulo yerekezaga muri Ikoniyo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba, abandi Bayahudi bagerageje kumurwanya. Abaturage bakundaga guhurura bo mu mujyi wa Lusitira wari hafi aho, bakibona Pawulo bamwise imana. Ariko Abayahudi barwanyaga Pawulo bavuye muri Antiyokiya no muri Ikoniyo bamaze kuhagera, boheje abo baturage, maze batera Pawulo amabuye bamusiga  aho bagira ngo yapfuye! Nyuma y’ibyo bintu Pawulo na Barinaba bahuye na byo, bakomereje urugendo rwabo i Derube mu ntara y’Abaroma ya Galatiya, agace kavugwagamo ururimi rw’Urunyalukawoniya. Bashyize gahunda mu matorero, bashyiraho n’abasaza. Ushobora kwibonera ko nyuma y’imyaka 15 Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33 ibaye, Ubukristo bwari bwarashinze imizi rwose muri Aziya Ntoya.—Ibyakozwe 13:13–14:26.

Mu rugendo rwa Pawulo rwa kabiri, rwabaye ahagana mu mwaka wa 49 kugeza mu mwaka wa 52, we n’abo bari kumwe babanje kunyura inzira y’ubutaka bagera i Lusitira. Biranashoboka ko banyuze iwabo wa Pawulo i Taruso ho muri Kilikiya. Nyuma yo gusubira gusura abavandimwe b’i Lusitira bakomereje mu majyaruguru, aho Pawulo yagerageje “kuvuga ijambo” mu ntara za Bituniya na Aziya, ariko umwuka wera ukabimubuza. Utwo duce twari kuzabwirizwa nyuma. Ahubwo Imana yayoboye Pawulo mu duce tw’amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Aziya Ntoya, agera i Tirowa ku nkombe z’inyanja. Aho ngaho Pawulo yahawe amabwiriza binyuriye mu iyerekwa, yo kujya gutangaza ubutumwa bwiza mu bihugu by’i Burayi.—Ibyakozwe 16:1-12; 22:3.

Mu rugendo rwa gatatu rw’ubumisiyonari rwa Pawulo, rwabaye ahagana mu mwaka wa 52  kugeza mu mwaka wa 56, yarongeye asubira muri Aziya Ntoya anyura muri Efeso, umujyi wo ku cyambu wari ukomeye muri Aziya. Yari yarigeze kuharuhukira igihe yavaga mu rugendo rwe rwa kabiri. Muri uwo mujyi, hari itsinda ry’Abakristo bakoranaga umurimo umwete, kandi Pawulo na bagenzi be bifatanyije na bo mu gihe kigera ku myaka itatu. Icyo gihe cyaranzwe n’akaga n’ingorane nyinshi, imwe muri zo ikaba ari iyatejwe n’umucuzi w’ifeza wo muri Efeso watumye abantu barakarira Pawulo, bityo bagatera hejuru kugira ngo barengere inyungu z’ubucuruzi bwabo bwo mu rwego rw’idini.—Ibyakozwe 18:19-26; 19:1, 8-41; 20:31.

Uko bigaragara, uwo murimo w’ubumisiyonari wari ufite icyicaro muri Efeso wageze ku bintu bishimishije cyane. Mu Byakozwe 19:10 hagira hati “abatuye muri Asiya bose bumva ijambo ry’Umwami Yesu, Abayuda n’Abagiriki.”

Ukwiyongera kwabaye muri Aziya Ntoya

Igihe Pawulo yari hafi kuva muri Efeso yandikiye Abakorinto agira ati “abo mu matorero yo muri Aziya barabatashya” (1 Abakorinto 16:19). Ni ayahe matorero Pawulo yerekezagaho? Ashobora kuba yaravugaga itorero ry’i Kolosayi, iry’i Lawodikiya n’iry’i Hiyerapoli (Abakolosayi 4:12-16). Igitabo kimwe kivuga ibya Pawulo n’umurimo we kigira kiti “bisa n’ibihuje n’ubwenge kuvuga ko amatorero y’i Simuruna, i Perugamo, i Sarudi n’i Filadelifiya yashinzwe binyuriye ku murimo w’ubumisiyonari wakorerwaga muri Efeso. . . . Ayo matorero yose yari ku ntera igera ku birometero 192 uturutse muri Efeso kandi ahuzwa n’imihanda myiza cyane.” —Paul—His Story.

Ubwo rero, hashize imyaka igera kuri 20 nyuma ya Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33, hari harashinzwe amatorero ya gikristo mu majyepfo no mu burengerazuba bwa Aziya Ntoya. Bite se ku bihereranye n’utundi duce tw’ako karere?

Abantu intumwa Petero yandikiye

Imyaka mike nyuma yaho, ahagana mu wa 62 na 64 Nyuma ya Yesu, intumwa Petero yanditse urwandiko rwe rwa mbere rwahumetswe. Yarwandikiye Abakristo bari i Ponto, i Galatiya, i Kapadokiya, muri Aziya n’i Bituniya. Urwandiko rwa Petero rugaragaza ko hashobora kuba hari amatorero ya gikristo muri utwo duce; kuko abasaza bayo bagiriwe inama yo ‘kuragira umukumbi.’ Ayo matorero se yaba yarashinzwe ryari?—1 Petero 1:1; 5:1-3.

 Abo Petero yandikiye babaga mu duce tumwe twari twarabwirijwe na Pawulo, urugero nka Aziya na Galatiya. Ariko kandi Pawulo ntiyigeze yinjira muri Kapadokiya no muri Bituniya. Bibiliya ntitubwira uko Ubukristo bwakwirakwiye muri utwo duce; icyakora bishobora kuba byaranyuriye ku Bayahudi no ku bantu bahindukiriye idini ry’Abayahudi bari i Yerusalemu kuri Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33 ubwo basubiraga iwabo. Uko byaba byaragenze kose, igihe Petero yandikaga inzandiko ze nyuma y’imyaka igera kuri 30 Pentekote yo mu wa 33 ibaye, hari amatorero “yari yarakwirakwiriye muri Aziya Ntoya,” nk’uko byavuzwe n’intiti imwe.

Amatorero arindwi avugwa mu Byahishuwe

Abayahudi bamaze kwigomeka ku Baroma, byatumye Yerusalemu isenywa mu wa 70. Birashoboka ko bamwe mu Bakristo b’i Yudaya baba baratataniye mu gace ka Aziya Ntoya. *

Ahagana mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya mbere, Yesu Kristo yoherereje amatorero arindwi yo muri Aziya Ntoya amabaruwa binyuriye ku ntumwa Yohana. Ayo mabaruwa yohererejwe amatorero ya Efeso, Simuruna, Perugamo, Tuwatira, Sarudi, Filadelifiya na Lawodokiya agaragaza ko Abakristo bo muri ako gace ka Aziya Ntoya bari bugarijwe n’akaga k’uburyo bwinshi; urugero nk’ubwiyandarike, kwirema ibice n’ubuhakanyi.—Ibyahishuwe 1:9, 11; 2:14, 15, 20.

Umurimo woroheje ukorwa bivuye ku mutima

Birumvikana ko uburyo Ubukristo bwakwirakwiriye mu kinyejana cya mbere bikubiyemo ibirenze ibyo dusoma mu nkuru zivuga Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa. Petero na Pawulo, intumwa zari zizwi cyane zagize uruhare mu bikorwa bivugwa mu Byakozwe n’Intumwa, ariko hari umubare utazwi w’abandi bantu wabwirizaga mu tundi duce. Uburyo umurimo wateye imbere muri Aziya Ntoya bitanga ikimenyetso cy’uko Abakristo ba mbere bari bashyize ku mutima itegeko rya Yesu rigira riti “nuko mugende muhindure abantu bo mu mahanga yose abigishwa.”—Matayo 28:19, 20.

No muri iki gihe ugereranyije, mu bikorwa birangwa n’ukuri Abahamya ba Yehova bakorera ku isi hose, bike gusa ni byo bimenywa n’umuryango mpuzamahanga w’abavandimwe. Kimwe n’uko byagendekeye benshi mu babwiriza b’indahemuka bo muri Aziya Ntoya mu kinyejana cya mbere, abenshi mu babwiriza b’ubutumwa bwiza bo muri iki gihe ntibazwi cyane. Ariko na bo bishimira kuba bafite byinshi bakora, kuba bafite imibereho ibahesha ibyishimo kandi banezezwa cyane no kumenya ko bumvira, bakitanga kugira ngo barokore abandi.—1 Timoteyo 2:3-6.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 11]

ABAKRISTO BA MBERE B’I BITUNIYA N’I PONTO

Intara yari yiyunze ya Bituniya na Ponto yari iherereye ku mupaka wa Aziya Ntoya wo ku nkengero z’Inyanja Yirabura. Hari byinshi bizwi ku bihereranye n’uko ubuzima bwa buri munsi bwari bwifashe muri iyo ntara, binyuriye ku byo umwe mu batware bategetse iyo ntara witwaga Pline le Jeune yandikiye Umwami w’abami w’Abaroma witwaga Trajan.

Nyuma y’imyaka 50 Petero yanditse amabaruwa ye agahererekanywa mu matorero yo muri ako gace, Pline yandikiye Trajan amusaba inama y’uko yagenza Abakristo agira ati “nta na rimwe ndifatanya mu nama yo gukemura ikibazo cy’Abakristo. Ku bw’ibyo, si nzi ibihano bahanishwa. Umubare munini w’abantu bari mu kigero gitandukanye cy’imyaka n’imibereho, abagabo n’abagore barajyanwa imbere y’inkiko, kandi bishobora gukomeza. Ibyo ntibiri mu mijyi gusa, ahubwo no mu midugudu ndetse no mu turere tw’ibyaro aho iryo dini ryanzwe ryagejeje inyigisho zaryo.”

[Imbonerahamwe/​Ikarita yo ku ipaji ya 9]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu Munara w’Umurinzi)

INGENDO ZA PAWULO

Urugendo rwa mbere rw’ubumisiyonari

KUPURO

PAMFILIYA

Peruga

Antiyokiya (ya Pisidiya)

Ikoniyo

Lusitira

Derube

Urugendo rwa kabiri rw’ubumisiyonari

KILIKIYA

Taruso

Derube

Lusitira

Ikoniyo

Antiyokiya (ya Pisidiya)

FURUGIYA

GALATIYA

Tirowa

Urugendo rwa gatatu rw’ubumisiyonari

KILIKIYA

Taruso

Derube

Lusitira

Ikoniyo

Antiyokiya (ya Pisidiya)

Efeso

AZIYA

Tirowa

[Amatorero arindwi]

Perugamo

Tuwatira

Sarudi

Simuruna

Efeso

Filadelifiya

Lawodikiya

[Utundi turere]

Hiyerapoli

Kolosayi

LUKIYA

BITUNIYA

PONTO

KAPADOKIYA

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 9]

Antiyokiya

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 9]

Tirowa

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

© 2003 BiblePlaces.com

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 10]

Ikibuga cy’imikino cyo muri Efeso.—Ibyakozwe 19:29

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 10]

Igicaniro cya Zewu i Perugamo. Abakristo bo muri uwo mujyi babaga ‘aho intebe y’ubwami bwa Satani’ iri.—Ibyahishuwe 2:13

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.