Bibiliya yageze ku kirwa kinini gitukura

MADAGASIKARI ni ikirwa cya kane ku isi mu bunini, kikaba kiri ku birometero 400 uvuye ku nkombe y’uburasirazuba bw’amajyepfo ya Afurika. Abaturage ba Madagasikari bamaze igihe kinini bazi izina Yehova, kubera ko Bibiliya yo mu rurimi rw’Ikimaligashi imaze imyaka isaga 170 ibonekamo izina ry’Imana. Guhindura Bibiliya mu rurimi rw’Ikimaligashi byasabye ubwitange no kwihangana.

Abantu bagerageje guhindura Bibiliya mu rurimi rw’Ikimaligashi ku ncuro ya mbere, batangiriye ku kirwa cya Maurice kiri hafi y’ikirwa cya Madagasikari. Ahagana mu mwaka wa 1813, Umwongereza wari guverineri w’ikirwa cya Maurice witwa Robert Farquhar, yatangiye guhindura ibitabo by’Amavanjiri mu rurimi rw’Ikimaligashi. Nyuma yaho, yaje gushishikariza umwami wa Madagasikari witwaga Radama I, gutumira abarimu bo mu Muryango w’Abamisiyonari w’i Londres kugira ngo baze ku Kirwa Kinini Gitukura, uko akaba ari ko bakundaga kwita Madagasikari.

Ku itariki ya 18 Kanama 1818, abamisiyonari babiri b’Abongereza, ari bo David Jones na Thomas Bevan, bageze mu mugi wa Toamasina uri ku cyambu bavuye ku kirwa cya Maurice. Aho bahasanze abaturage bakunda iby’idini, harimo n’abari mu idini gakondo, kandi mu mibereho yabo bakaba barahererekanyaga amakuru mu mvugo, aho kuba mu nyandiko. Abaturage ba Madagasikari bavuga ururimi ruvanze, mbere na mbere rukomoka ku ndimi za Maleziya na Polineziya.

Jones na Bevan bamaze igihe gito batangije ishuri rito, bazanye abagore babo n’abana babo mu mugi wa Toamasina babakuye ku kirwa cya Maurice. Ikibabaje ariko, ni uko abo bose barwaye malariya, maze mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1818, umugore wa Jones ndetse n’umwana we bagapfa. Amezi abiri nyuma yaho, iyo ndwara yishe Bevan n’umuryango we. David Jones ni we wenyine warokotse muri abo bantu bose.

Jones ntiyigeze yemera ko ibyo byago bimuca intege. Yari yariyemeje kugeza Ijambo ry’Imana ku baturage bo muri Madagasikari. Jones amaze gusubira ku kirwa cya Maurice kugira ngo agarure agatege, yatangiye umurimo utoroshye wo kwiga ururimi rw’Ikimaligashi. Bidatinze nyuma yaho, yatangiye umurimo we w’ubuhinduzi ahereye ku Ivanjiri ya Yohana.

Mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1820, Jones yasubiye muri Madagasikari. Yagiye mu murwa mukuru wa Antananarivo, hanyuma ahita atangiza ishuri ry’abamisiyonari ryigisha abana ba kavukire. Icyakora, ryatangiye mu mimerere igoranye. Nta bitabo, nta kibaho cyangwa se intebe byari bihari. Icyakora gahunda y’amasomo yose yari iteguye neza, kandi abana bari bishimiye kwiga.

Jones amaze amezi arindwi yigisha wenyine, yabonye mugenzi we w’umumisiyonari witwa David Griffiths, asimbura Bevan. Abo bagabo bombi ni bo biyemeje gukorana umwete bagahindura Bibiliya mu rurimi rw’Ikimaligashi.

Ubuhinduzi butangira

Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 1820, inyandiko yo mu rurimi rw’Ikimaligashi yanditse mu nyuguti z’Icyarabu yitwa sorabe, ni yo yonyine yari iriho. Abantu bake gusa ni bo bashoboraga kuyisoma. Ni yo mpamvu abamisiyonari bamaze kuvugana n’Umwami Radama I, yabemereye gukoresha inyuguti z’Ikiromani mu mwanya wa za nyuguti z’Icyarabu.

Ku itariki 10 Nzeri 1823, ni bwo ubuhinduzi bwatangiye. Jones yahinduraga igitabo cy’Itangiriro hamwe n’icya Matayo, mu gihe Griffiths we  yahereye ku gitabo cyo Kuva n’icya Luka. Abo bagabo bombi bakoraga batikoresheje. Uretse uwo murimo ukomeye wo guhindura bakoraga nta wubafashije, bakomezaga no kwigisha abana mu gitondo na nyuma ya saa sita. Nanone kandi, bateguraga gahunda z’iby’idini mu ndimi eshatu, kandi bakaba ari zo bigishamo. Icyakora, ubuhinduzi ni bwo bwazaga mu mwanya wa mbere.

Abo bamisiyonari, babifashijwemo n’abanyeshuri 12, bashoboye guhindura Ibyanditswe byose bya Kigiriki hamwe n’ibitabo byinshi byo mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo mu gihe cy’amezi 18 gusa. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, habonetse Bibiliya ya mbere yuzuye. Ariko birumvikana ko hari hagikenewe kugira ibyo bayikosoraho kandi bakayinonosora. Ni yo mpamvu hoherejwe abahanga babiri mu by’indimi, ari bo David Johns na Joseph Freeman, baza kubafasha bavuye mu Bwongereza.

Bihanganira inzitizi

Ubuhinduzi mu rurimi rw’Ikimaligashi bumaze kurangira, wa Muryango w’Abamisiyonari wohereje muri Madagasikari Charles Hovenden kugira ngo ashyireho imashini ya mbere icapa ibitabo. Hovenden yahageze ku itariki ya 21 Ugushyingo 1826. Icyakora yahise afatwa na malariya, ahita apfa ataramara ukwezi, kandi nta muntu n’umwe yasize yigishije gukoresha iyo mashini icapa. Umwaka wakurikiyeho, umugabo w’umucuruzi ukomeye wo muri Écosse witwa James Cameron, yashoboye guterateranya imashini icapa yifashishije agatabo kariho amabwiriza yasanze kari kumwe n’iyo mashini. Cameron amaze kugerageza incuro nyinshi, yashoboye gucapa igice cya 1 cy’igitabo cy’Itangiriro ku itariki ya 4 Ukuboza 1827. *

Indi nzitizi yabayeho ku itariki ya 27 Nyakanga 1828, Umwami Radama I amaze gupfa. Uwo mwami yashyigikiraga cyane umushinga w’ubuhinduzi. Nyuma yaho, David Jones yaje kuvuga ati “Umwami Radama yari umuntu ugwa neza cyane kandi wumvikana n’abandi. Yashyigikiraga cyane uburezi, kandi agaha agaciro inyigisho zatumaga abaturage be batera imbere kandi bakagira imibereho myiza kuruta agaciro yahaga zahabu n’ifeza.” Icyakora, uwo mwami yasimbuwe n’umugore we Ranavalona I, kandi byaje kugaragara ko atari gushyigikira uwo murimo nk’uko umugabo we yabigenzaga.

Nyuma y’igihe gito uwo mwamikazi yimye, hari umugabo waje avuye mu Bwongereza, maze asaba ko yabonana na we bakaganira ku bihereranye n’umurimo w’ubuhinduzi. Icyakora baramwangiye. Ikindi gihe ubwo abamisiyonari babwiraga umwamikazi ko bafite byinshi byo kwigisha abaturage be, hakubiyemo no kubigisha Ikigiriki n’Igiheburayo, yaravuze ati “ibyo kwiga Ikigiriki n’Igiheburayo nta cyo bimbwiye, ahubwo jye ndashaka kumenya niba mwakwigisha abaturage banjye ibintu bibafitiye akamaro, urugero nko gukora isabune.” Bamaze kumenya ko bashoboraga kwirukanwa muri Madagasikari batararangiza guhindura Bibiliya, Cameron yasabye ko yahabwa icyumweru agatekereza ku byo umwamikazi yari yavuze.

Mu cyumweru cyakurikiyeho, Cameron yoherereje umwamikazi intumwa zifite imiti ibiri y’isabune ikozwe mu bikoresho biboneka muri ako gace. Icyo gikorwa ndetse n’ibindi bikorwa abamisiyonari bakoreraga abaturage, byatumye umwamikazi atuza kugeza igihe barangirije gucapa Bibiliya yose, uretse ibitabo bike byo mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo.

Byabanje gushimisha ariko nyuma biza kuzamba

Nubwo umwamikazi yabanje kwanga ko abamisiyonari bagira icyo bakora, muri Gicurasi 1831 yaciye iteka rishishikaje. Yemereye abaturage be kubatizwa bakaba Abakristo! Icyakora uwo mwanzuro wamaze igihe gito. Dukurikije igitabo kivuga iby’amateka ya Madagasikari, “kubera ko umubare w’ababatizwaga wari munini, byateye ubwoba abantu b’ibwami batashakaga ko ibintu bihinduka, maze bemeza umwamikazi ko iyo bagiye mu mihango y’isangira, ari nk’aho baba barahirira kutazahemukira Abongereza” (A History of Madagascar). Ibyo byatumye mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1831, umubatizo wa gikristo ukurwaho, hakaba hari hashize amezi atandatu gusa wemewe.

Kuba umwamikazi atari azi gufata imyanzuro,  no kuba yaremeraga ibitekerezo by’abantu bari mu butegetsi batsimbararaga ku muco wabo, byafashije abamisiyonari kurangiza gucapa Bibiliya. Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo byari byaramaze kurangira, kandi kopi zibarirwa mu bihumbi zari zaramaze gukwirakwira hose. Icyakora, hari indi mbogamizi yabayeho ku itariki ya 1 Werurwe 1835. Icyo gihe Umwamikazi Ranavalona I yatangaje ko Ubukristo buciwe mu gihugu, kandi ategeka ko abaturage bashyikiriza abayobozi ibitabo byose bya gikristo.

Nanone iryo tegeko ry’umwamikazi ryasabaga ko abaturage bo muri Madagasikari bari barize bareka gukora mu icapiro rya Bibiliya. Ku bw’ibyo, abamisiyonari bake gusa ni bo bakomeje gukora amanywa n’ijoro kugeza igihe Bibiliya yose yarangiriye muri Kamena 1835. Ubwo noneho, Bibiliya yo mu rurimi rw’Ikimaligashi yari ibonetse!

Kubera ko umurimo wo gucapa Bibiliya wari ubuzanyijwe, Bibiliya zahise zitangwa, maze izigera kuri 70 zihishwa mu butaka, kugira ngo Bibiliya itazazimangatana. Ibyo babikoze vuba cyane kubera ko mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe gusa abamisiyonari bose bagombaga kuva kuri icyo kirwa, hagasigara babiri bonyine. Hagati aho ariko, ijambo ry’Imana ryarimo rikwirakwira ku Kirwa Kinini Gitukura.

Abaturage ba Madagasikari bakundaga Bibiliya

Mbega ukuntu abaturage b’ikirwa cya Madagasikari bashimishijwe no kuba barashoboraga gusoma Ijambo ry’Imana mu rurimi rwabo! Icyakora, ubwo buhinduzi bwari burimo udukosa, kandi urwo rurimi ntirugihuje n’igihe. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hafi muri buri rugo ushobora gusangamo Bibiliya, kandi abenshi mu baturage ba Madagasikari bayisoma buri gihe. Igishimishije muri ubwo buhinduzi, ni uburyo izina ry’Imana ari ryo Yehova ribonekamo incuro nyinshi mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo. Muri Bibiliya zacapwe bwa mbere, izina ry’Imana ryabonekaga no mu Byanditswe bya Kigiriki. Ni yo mpamvu usanga abenshi mu baturage ba Madagasikari bamenyereye izina ry’Imana.

Koko rero, igihe Bibiliya za mbere z’Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki zacapwaga, umugabo witwa Baker wari ushinzwe kuzicapa yiboneye ukuntu abaturage bo muri Madagasikari bari bishimye, maze ariyamirira ati “simvuze ko ndi umuhanuzi, ariko nemera ko ijambo ry’Imana ritazigera ricika muri iki gihugu.” Amagambo ye yabaye impamo. Yaba malariya, yaba ingorane yo kwiga ururimi rukomeye cyangwa amategeko mabi y’Umwamikazi, nta na kimwe cyabujije ijambo ry’Imana kugera muri Madagasikari.

Muri iki gihe, ibintu byarushijeho kuba byiza. Mu buhe buryo? Mu mwaka wa 2008, Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’Isi Nshya mu rurimi rw’Ikimaligashi yarabonetse. Ubwo buhinduzi bugaragaza intambwe nini imaze guterwa, kubera ko bukoresha ururimi rukoreshwa muri iki gihe, kandi rwumvikana neza. Ni yo mpamvu ubu Ijambo ry’Imana ryarushijeho kumenyekana cyane ku Kirwa Kinini Gitukura.—Yes 40:8.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 31]

Bibiliya y’“Ubuhinduzi bw’Isi Nshya” mu rurimi rw’Ikimaligashi, ihesha ikuzo izina ry’Imana, ari ryo Yehova.