Ukuri ku birebana n’igitambo cy’ukaristiya

KU ISI hose abantu bifatanya buri gihe mu muhango wo gutura Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya. Ibyo bashobora kubikora buri munsi, rimwe mu cyumweru cyangwa incuro nyinshi mu mwaka. Ariko kandi, icyo gitambo bacyita iyobera ry’ukwemera kandi abenshi mu bacyifatanyamo bavuga ko badasobanukiwe ibyacyo. Abantu babona ko icyo ari Igitambo gitagatifu kandi bakavuga ko ari igitangaza.

Umuhango wo gutura Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya, ni igice cya Misa y’Abagatolika aho umusaseridoti aha umugisha umugati na divayi hanyuma agasaba abayoboke kwakira Kristu mu Isangira ritagatifu. * Papa Benedigito wa XVI yavuze ko uwo muhango ari “igice cy’ingenzi cyane mu bigize ukwemera” kw’Abagatolika. Hashize igihe gito kiliziya yizihiza “Umwaka w’Ukaristiya” mu rwego rwo “guhembera no kongera ukwemera mu birebana n’Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya.”

Ndetse n’Abagatolika badakomeye ku kwemera kwabo baha agaciro uwo muhango. Urugero, mu nkuru iherutse gusohoka mu kinyamakuru, havuzwemo umugore w’Umugatolika ukiri muto kandi uharanira ko ibintu byahinduka wanditse ati “ibibazo ibyo ari byo byose twahura na byo birebana n’amahame ya kiliziya Gatolika, ntibyatubuza gukomeza kwizirika ku kintu kiduhuriza hamwe mu kwemera Gatolika. Icyo kintu ni ugukomeza kwifatanya mu muhango wo gutura Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya.”—Time.

Ariko se ubundi Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya ni iki? Ese abigishwa ba Kristo basabwa gutura icyo gitambo? Nimucyo mbere na mbere dusuzume uko umuhango wo gutura Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya wabayeho. Hanyuma turi bwibande ku kibazo cy’ingenzi kigira kiti “ese koko Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya ni kimwe n’Urwibutso Yesu Kristo yatangije ubu hakaba hashize imyaka hafi 2.000?”

Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya mu madini yiyita aya gikristo

Gusobanukirwa impamvu abantu babona ko Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya ari nk’igitangaza ntibigoye. Igice cy’ingenzi cy’uwo muhango, ni igihe umusaseridoti asenga isengesho ryo gusabira umugisha Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya. Hari igitabo cyagize icyo kibivugaho kigira kiti “imbaraga  z’amagambo, igikorwa cya Kristu hamwe n’imbaraga za Roho Mutagatifu,” bituma umubiri n’amaraso bya Yezu “biba mu isakaramentu ry’Ukaristiya” (Catechism of the Catholic Church). Iyo umusaseridoti amaze kurya ku mugati no kunywa kuri divayi, asaba abemera Yezu kuza guhazwa, incuro nyinshi bakabikora barya ku mugati cyangwa Hostiya gusa.

Kiliziya Gatolika yigisha ko umugati na divayi bihinduka mu buryo bw’igitangaza bikaba umubiri n’amaraso bya Kristu. Iyo nyigisho yagiye ikwirakwira buhoro buhoro, yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu kinyejana cya 13 ari na bwo yakoreshejwe ku mugaragaro. Mu gihe cy’Ivugurura ry’Abaporotesitanti, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigize Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya giturwa muri Kiliziya Gatolika byatangiye gushidikanywaho. Luther yarwanyije inyigisho ivuga ko umugati na divayi bihinduka umubiri n’amaraso bya Kristu, ayisimbuza indi nyigisho ivuga ko umubiri n’amaraso bya Kristo biba biri mu mugati na divayi. Urebye, itandukaniro hagati y’izo nyigisho zombi ntirihita rigaragara. Luther yigishaga ko umugati na divayi biba birimo umubiri n’amaraso bya Yesu, aho kugira ngo bihinduke umubiri n’amaraso bye.

Uko igihe cyagendaga gihita, hari ibindi bintu amadini yiyita aya gikristo yagiye atumvikanaho ku birebana n’imiterere y’ Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya, incuro cyagombye guturwa hamwe n’uburyo byagombye gukorwamo. Ariko kandi, mu buryo runaka uwo muhango wakomeje kugira agaciro gakomeye mu madini yiyita aya gikristo. Ariko se, umuhango wa mbere Yesu yatangije wari umeze ute?

Uko “Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba” ryatangijwe

Yesu ubwe ni we watangije “Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba” cyangwa Urwibutso rw’urupfu rwe (1 Abakorinto 11:20, 24). Ariko se yaba yarashyizeho umuhango w’iyobera aho abigishwa be bari kujya barya umubiri we bakanywa n’amaraso ye?

Yesu yari amaze kwizihiza Pasika y’Abayahudi no guheza intumwa Yuda Isikariyota wari ugiye kumugambanira. Matayo, umwe mu ntumwa 11 zari zihari yaranditse ati “bakirya, Yesu afata umugati, amaze gusenga arawumanyagura, awuha abigishwa be arababwira ati ‘nimwakire murye. Uyu ugereranya umubiri wanjye.’ Nanone afata igikombe, amaze gusenga [mu Kigiriki, eu·kha·ri·ste΄sas] arakibahereza, maze arababwira ati ‘nimunyweho mwese; kuko iki kigereranya “amaraso yanjye y’isezerano,” agomba kumenwa ku bwa benshi kugira ngo bababarirwe ibyaha.’”—Matayo 26:26-28.

Ari Yesu, ari abagaragu b’Imana bose, babonaga ko gusabira umugisha amafunguro byari ibintu bisanzwe (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 8:10; Matayo 6:11; 14:19; 15:36; Mariko 6:41; 8:6; Yohana 6:11, 23; Ibyakozwe 27:35; Abaroma 14:6). Ese hari impamvu yatuma twemera ko igihe Yesu yashimiraga yarimo anakora igitangaza, agatuma abigishwa be barya umubiri we bakanywa n’amaraso ye?

Ubuhinduzi bukwiriye ni ubuhe?

Hari ubuhinduzi bwa Bibiliya buhindura amagambo ya Yesu mu buryo bukurikira: “nimwakire, murye: iki ni umubiri wanjye.” Nanone ubwo buhinduzi bugira buti “nimunyweho mwese, kuko iki ari amaraso yanjye” (Matayo 26:26-28, Bibiliya Ntagatifu). Ni iby’ukuri ko ijambo ry’Ikigiriki e·stin΄, iyo ikaba ari inshinga y’Ikigiriki “kuba” itondaguye, mu buryo bw’ibanze isobanurwa ngo “ni.” Ariko kandi iyo nshinga ishobora no guhindurwa ngo “gusobanura.” Igishishikaje ni uko muri Bibiliya nyinshi, iyi nshinga ikunze guhindurwa ngo “gusobanura” cyangwa “gushushanya.” * Imirongo ikikije uwo ni yo igena uburyo bwiza bwo guhindura iryo jambo. Urugero, muri Bibiliya nyinshi, inshinga e·stin΄ iboneka muri Matayo 12:7, yahinduwe ngo “risobanurwa.” Uwo murongo ugira uti “iyaba mwari muzi uko iri jambo risobanurwa [mu Kigiriki e·stin] ngo ‘nkunda  imbabazi kuruta ibitambo’ ntimwagaya abatariho urubanza.”—Bibiliya Yera.

Ku bihereranye n’ibyo, abahanga mu bya Bibiliya benshi kandi bubahwa, bemeranya ko ijambo “ni” ridasobanura icyo mu by’ukuri Yesu yavuze muri uwo murongo. Urugero, umuhanga mu bya tewolojiya w’umugatolika witwa Jacques Dupont yagenzuye ibyarangaga umuco n’abantu bo mu gihe cya Yesu maze avuga ko “mu buryo bw’umwimerere” uwo murongo wagombye guhindurwa ngo “uyu ugereranya umubiri wanjye” cyangwa “uyu ushushanya umubiri wanjye.”

Ibyo ari byo byose, Yesu ntiyashakaga kuvuga ko abigishwa be bagombaga kurya umubiri we ngo banywe n’amaraso ye ibi bisanzwe. Kuki twavuga ko atari byo yashakaga kuvuga? Nyuma y’Umwuzure wo mu gihe cya Nowa, ubwo Imana yahaga abantu uburenganzira bwo kurya inyama z’inyamaswa, yahise ibuza abantu kurya amaraso (Itangiriro 9:3, 4). Iryo tegeko ryasubiwemo mu Mategeko ya Mose. Yesu yumviye ayo mategeko mu buryo bwuzuye (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 12:23; 1 Petero 2:22). Intumwa na zo zahumekewe n’umwuka wera maze zongera gusubiramo itegeko abantu bari barahawe ryo kwirinda kurya amaraso, ibyo bikaba byumvikanisha ko iryo tegeko rireba Abakristo bose (Ibyakozwe 15:20, 29). Ese Yesu yari gutangiza umuhango wari gutuma abigishwa be bica itegeko ryera ryashyizweho n’Imana Ishoborabyose? Ntibishoboka!

Uko bigaragara, Yesu yakoresheje umugati na divayi mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo. Umugati udasembuye wagereranyaga cyangwa washushanyaga umubiri we utarangwa n’icyaha wagombaga gutangwa ho igitambo. Divayi itukura yagereranyaga amaraso ye yagombaga kumenwa “ku bwa benshi kugira ngo bababarirwe ibyaha.”—Matayo 26:28.

 Icyo Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba rigamije

Yesu yashoje umuhango wo kwizihiza Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba agira ati “mujye mukomeza gukora mutya munyibuka” (Luka 22:19). Koko rero, kwizihiza Urwibutso bidufasha kwibuka Yesu ndetse n’ibintu bitangaje byagezweho binyuze ku rupfu rwe. Bitwibutsa ko Yesu yashyigikiye ubutegetsi bw’Ikirenga bwa Se Yehova. Nanone, bitwibutsa ko Yesu wari umuntu utunganye kandi utagira icyaha, yatanze “ubugingo bwe ngo bube incungu ya benshi.” Incungu ituma umuntu wese wizera igitambo cye abaturwa ku cyaha maze akazabona ubuzima bw’iteka.—Matayo 20:28.

Ariko kandi, mu buryo bw’ibanze, Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba ni ifunguro basangirira hamwe. Abaryifatanyaho ni: (1) Yehova wateganyije incungu, (2) Yesu Kristo ari we ‘Mwana w’Intama w’Imana’ watanze ubugingo bwe ngo bube incungu, (3) Abavandimwe ba Yesu bo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Iyo abavandimwe ba Yesu barya ku mugati bakanywa no kuri divayi, baba bagaragaza ko bunze ubumwe na Kristo mu buryo bwuzuye (Yohana 1:29; 1 Abakorinto 10:16, 17). Nanone kandi, bagaragaza ko bari mu “isezerano rishya” bakaba ari abigishwa ba Yesu basutsweho umwuka wera. Abo ni bo bazafatanya na Kristo gutegeka mu ijuru ari abami n’abatambyi.—Luka 22:20; Yohana 14:2, 3; Ibyahishuwe 5:9, 10.

Ni ryari Urwibutso rwagombye kwizihizwa? Igisubizo cy’icyo kibazo kirushaho kumvikana iyo twibutse ko Yesu yatoranyije itariki yihariye yatangijeho uwo muhango, ni ukuvuga kuri Pasika. Ubwoko bw’Imana bwari busanzwe bwizihiza iyo tariki buri mwaka, ni ukuvuga itariki ya 14 Nisani kuri kalendari bakurikizaga icyo gihe. Bari bamaze imyaka irenga 1.500 bayizihiza kugira ngo bibuke ukuntu Yehova yakijije ubwoko bwe mu buryo bw’igitangaza. Uko bigaragara, Yesu yarimo aha abigishwa be itegeko ryo kujya bizihiza iyo tariki, bibuka igikorwa cyo gukiza gikomeye kurushaho, icyo Imana izakora binyuze ku rupfu rwa Kristo. Bityo rero, buri mwaka abigishwa nyakuri ba Yesu bizihiza Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba, ku itariki ihuje n’iya 14 Nisani kuri kalendari ya kiyahudi.

Ese ibyo babikora kubera ko bakunda kubahiriza uwo muhango gusa? Tuvugishije ukuri, ibyo ni byo bituma abantu benshi bifatanya mu gutura Igitambo cy’Ukaristiya. Umwanditsi wa ya nkuru yasohotse mu kinyamakuru twigeze kuvuga yaravuze ati “iyo umuntu yifatanyije mu mihango ya kera ikorwa na benshi yumva abonye ihumure” (Time). Kimwe n’Abagatolika benshi muri iki gihe, uwo mwanditsi yumva uwo muhango ukwiriye gukorwa mu Kilatini nk’uko byari bimeze mu gihe cyahise. Kuki yumva ari uko byagenda? Yaranditse ati “mba nshaka kumva Misa isomwa mu rurimi ntumva, kubera ko ntakunda kumva ibyo baba bavuga mu Cyongereza.”

Abahamya ba Yehova hamwe n’abandi bantu bishimira ukuri, aho baba batuye hose, bishimira kwizihiza Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya nimugoroba mu ndimi zabo kavukire. Baterwa ibyishimo no gusobanukirwa neza icyo urupfu rwa Kristo rusobanura hamwe n’icyo rubamariye. Birakwiriye ko twajya dutekereza kuri izo nyigisho z’ukuri kandi tukaziganiraho mu gihe cy’umwaka wose. Abahamya ba Yehova babona ko kwizihiza Urwibutso ari bwo buryo bwiza cyane bwo gukomeza kwibuka urukundo rwinshi Yehova Imana n’Umwana we Yesu Kristo batugaragarije. Kwizihiza Urwibutso bibafasha ‘gukomeza gutangaza urupfu rw’Umwami kugeza igihe azazira.’—1 Abakorinto 11:26.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 27]

Umuhango w’Urwibutso Yesu yatangije wari umeze ute?

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 28]

Yesu yatangije Urwibutso rw’urupfu rwe

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 29]

Bizihiza Urwibutso rw’urupfu rwa Yesu Kristo