Tel Arad itanga ubuhamya itavuze

Iyo bavuze umugi wibagiranye, urusengero rutazwi neza n’ikirundo cy’inyandiko za kera, wumva ibyo bintu byavamo filimi iteye amatsiko. Ibyo bintu byose ndetse n’ibindi tutavuze, byamaze ibinyejana byinshi bitabye mu mucanga wo mu butayu bw’i Tel Arad muri Isirayeli, kugeza igihe abahanga mu bushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo batangiriye kuhacukura.

MURI iki gihe, umugi wa Arada ushishikaza abantu benshi bifuza kureba uko imigi yo muri Isirayeli ya kera yari iteye. Uwo mugi utuwe n’abantu 27.000, uri mu butayu bwa Yudaya mu burengerazuba bw’Inyanja y’Umunyu. Icyakora, umugi wa kera wo muri Isirayeli wa Arada, wari mu birometero bigera ku munani mu burengerazuba bw’iyo nyanja. Abahanga mu bushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo bacukuye aho hantu bagenda beyuraho umucanga, baza kugera ku nyubako n’inyandiko bya kera.

Izo nyandiko zabonetse ku bibumbano bimeze nk’utubaho bandikagaho kera. Bavuga ko aho hantu i Tel Arad abahanga bacukuye, ari ho habonetse bene utwo tubumbano twinshi kurusha ahandi hose muri Isirayeli. Ariko se ibyo bintu bavumbuye aho bifite agaciro kangana iki?

Ibyavumbuwe i Tel Arad bigaragaza igice kinini cy’amateka avugwa muri Bibiliya, uhereye mu gihe cy’Abacamanza ba Isirayeli ukageza mu gihe Abanyababuloni bagabaga igitero ku Buyuda mu mwaka wa 607 Mbere ya Yesu. Bityo rero, ibyo bintu bidufasha kwemeza ko ibyo Bibiliya ivuga ari ukuri. Nanone, biduha ingero zidufasha gusobanukirwa uko abaturage ba Isirayeli ya kera babonaga izina bwite ry’Imana.

Arada na Bibiliya

Mu by’ukuri, ibintu Bibiliya ivuga kuri Arada ni bike cyane. Ariko kandi uwo mugi wari ahantu heza, hari igihe ari wo mugi ukomeye wari wubatswe ku muhanda w’ingenzi wakoreshwaga n’abacuruzi. Ubwo rero, ntibitangaje kuba amateka ndetse n’ibyataburuwe mu matongo bigaragaza ko uwo mugi wa kera wahoraga ufatwa mu ntambara ugasenywa, hanyuma mu gihe  cy’amahoro ukongera ukubakwa. Uko guhora basenya uwo mugi bakongera bakawubaka, ni byo byatumye umera nk’uwubatse ku gasozi.

Ahantu ha mbere Bibiliya ivuga ibya Arada, ni mu nkuru ivuga igihe Abisirayeli bari hafi kurangiza urugendo rw’imyaka 40 bamaze mu butayu. Nyuma gato y’aho Aroni umuvandimwe wa Mose apfiriye, ubwoko bw’Imana bwanyuze hafi y’umupaka w’amajyepfo w’Igihugu cy’Isezerano. Uko bigaragara, umwami wa Arada w’Umunyakanani yabonye ko yashoboraga gutera abo bantu barimo bazerera mu butayu akabanesha bitamugoye, ahita abagabaho igitero. Yehova Imana yafashije Abisirayeli barwana inkundura maze barabatsinda mu buryo budasubirwaho. Icyo gihe barimbuye Arada nubwo mu baturage baho hari bake barokotse.—Kubara 21:1-3.

Abanyakanani bihutiye kongera kubaka uwo mugi wabo wari ahantu heza. Hashize imyaka mike Yosuwa yageze muri ako gace, atera aturutse mu majyaruguru, atsemba Abanyakanani ahereye “mu karere k’imisozi miremire n’i Negebu.” Umwe mu bo barwanye ni “umwami wa Arada” (Yosuwa 10:40; 12:14, gereranya na NW). Nyuma yaho, abana ba Hobabu w’Umukeni bari baragiye gufasha Abisirayeli igihe bari mu nkambi mu butayu, batuye muri ako karere ka Negebu.—Abacamanza 1:16.

Ibyataburuwe mu matongo

Amatongo y’i Tel Arad atanga ibisobanuro bishishikaje ku birebana n’ibintu bimwe na bimwe byabaye nyuma bivugwa muri Bibiliya. Urugero, abahanga mu bushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo bavumbuye uruhererekane rw’inkuta. Zimwe muri zo zishobora kuba zarubatswe ku ngoma y’Umwami Salomo uzwiho kuba yarakoraga imishinga yo kwagura umugi (1 Abami 9:15-19). Hari aho bageze bacukura, babona ibimenyetso by’uko uwo mugi wari waratwitswe ugakongoka. Uwo mugi wari warubatswe mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya cumi Mbere ya Yesu. Ibyo bintu byataburuwe bigaragaza ko ibyo byabaye igihe Umwami Shishaki wa Egiputa yahateraga. Hari hashize imyaka itanu Salomo apfuye. I Karinaki mu majyepfo ya Egiputa, hari urukuta rwanditseho amagambo y’urwibutso agaragaza iby’icyo gitero, kandi kuri urwo rukuta handitseho urutonde rw’imigi myinshi Abanyegiputa batsinze, harimo na Arada.—2 Ibyo ku Ngoma 12:1-4.

Ikintu gishishikaje cyane ni umubare munini w’ibibumbano bandikagaho. Kuri byinshi muri ibyo bibumbano bigera kuri 200 hari handitseho amazina y’Igiheburayo aboneka no muri Bibiliya nka Pashuri, Meremoti n’abahungu ba Kora. Zimwe muri izo nyandiko zitari iz’idini, zirashishikaje cyane kubera ko zirimo izina bwite ry’Imana. Iryo zina bwite rikwiriye Imana Ishoborabyose yonyine. Rigizwe n’inyuguti enye z’Igiheburayo ari zo יהוה (YHWH). Nyuma yaho, imiziririzo yatumye abantu benshi bemera ko kuvuga izina ry’Imana cyangwa kuryandika ari ukuyituka. Icyakora, ibyataburuwe mu mugi wa Tel Arad, kimwe n’ibindi bintu byose byataburuwe, bihamya ko kera abantu bakundaga gukoresha izina ry’Imana mu buzima bwa buri munsi, mu ndamukanyo, cyangwa mu gihe babaga bifurizanya ibyiza. Urugero, hari inyandiko igira iti “kuri databuja Eliyashibu, Yahweh [Yehova] akomeze kwita ku cyatuma umererwa neza. . . . Ari mu rusengero rwa Yahweh.”

Ariko se twavuga iki ku bihereranye na rwa rusengero rutazwi neza twavuze tugitangira? Inyubako y’i Tel Arad yatumye abantu bakeka ibintu byinshi, ni inzu y’urusengero, irimo igicaniro, yubatswe mu gihe cy’Abayahudi. Nubwo urwo rusengero rwari ruto urugereranyije n’urusengero rwa Salomo rwari i Yerusalemu, rufite byinshi  ruhuriyeho n’urwo rusengero rwera. Urwo rusengero rwubatswe ryari kandi se rwubakiwe iki? Rwakoreshwaga rute? Kuri iyo ngingo, abahanga mu bushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo n’abahanga mu by’amateka barakekeranya gusa.

Yehova yatanze itegeko risobanutse avuga ko urusengero rw’i Yerusalemu ari rwo rwonyine rwagombaga gukorerwamo iminsi mikuru ya buri mwaka no guturirwamo ibitambo (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 12:5; 2 Ibyo ku Ngoma 7:12). Bityo rero, urusengero rwa Arada rwubatswe n’abantu basuzuguraga Amategeko y’Imana kandi ni bo barusengeragamo. Birashoboka ko ibyo byabaye mu gihe Abisirayeli bubakaga ibindi bicaniro kandi bagakora indi mihango aho gusenga Yehova uko bikwiriye (Ezekiyeli 6:13). Niba ibyo ari ukuri, iryo huriro ry’ugusenga kw’ikinyoma rishobora kuba ryarakuweho mu gihe Hezekiya cyangwa Yosiya basubizagaho gahunda yo gusenga k’ukuri mu kinyejana cya munani n’icya karindwi Mbere ya Yesu.—2 Ibyo ku Ngoma 31:1; 34:3-5, 33.

Biragaragara neza ko ibyo bintu bike byasigaye bigaragaza amateka ya Arada bitwigisha ibintu by’ingenzi. Nyuma y’ibinyejana byinshi, habonetse ibihangano bihamya ko ibyo Bibiliya ivuga ari ukuri. Nanone ibyo bihangano byerekana ukuntu gahunda y’ugusenga kw’ikinyoma yenda gusa nk’iyakurikizwaga mu gusenga k’ukuri. Ibyo bihangano bitubwira uko iyo gahunda yatangiye n’uko yavanyweho, kandi bikaduha ingero zigaragaza ukuntu izina rya Yehova ryakoreshwaga buri gihe mu buryo bwiyubashye.

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(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu Munara w’Umurinzi)

YERUSALEMU

Inyanja y’Umunyu

Arada

Tel Arad

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Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

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Ibiri ku rukuta rw’i Karinaki muri Egiputa

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Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

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Amwe mu magambo yo muri iyi nyandiko aragira ati “Yahweh [Yehova] akomeze kwita ku cyatuma umererwa neza”

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Photograph © Israel Museum, Jerusalem; courtesy of Israel Antiquities Authority

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Igice cy’inzu y’urusengero iri i Tel Arad, kirimo igicaniro

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Urukuta rwa Tel Arad, ururebeye mu ruhande rw’iburasirazuba

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Todd Bolen/​Bible Places.com