Ese wari ubizi?

Ese Yerusalemu yubatsweho uruzitiro rw’ibisongo nk’uko Yesu yari yarabihanuye?

Igihe Yesu yahanuraga iby’irimbuka rya Yerusalemu, yavuze iby’uwo murwa agira ati “iminsi izaza, ubwo abanzi bawe bazakubakaho uruzitiro rw’ibisongo maze bakugote, bakugarize baguturutse impande zose” (Luka 19:43). Ibyo Yesu yahanuye byaje gusohora mu mwaka wa 70, igihe ingabo z’Abaroma zari ziyobowe na Titus zubakaga uruzitiro mu mpande zose z’uwo murwa. Titus yari afite intego eshatu: kubuza Abayahudi guhunga, gutuma bishyira mu maboko y’ingabo z’Abaroma, no kubicisha inzara kugeza igihe bemereye ko batsinzwe.

Umuhanga mu by’amateka wo mu kinyejana cya mbere witwaga Flavius Josèphe yavuze ko igihe umwanzuro wo kubaka urwo ruzitiro wari umaze gufatwa, imitwe itandukanye y’ingabo z’Abaroma yahawe aho yagombaga kubaka uruzitiro, maze buri mutwe ugatanguranwa n’undi kurangiza aho wahawe. Ibiti byose byari mu karere kari gakikije uwo murwa ku birometero bigera kuri cumi na bitandatu, byaratemwe byubakishwa uruzitiro rwari rufite umuzenguruko w’ibirometero birindwi, mu gihe cy’iminsi itatu gusa. Josèphe yavuze ko ibyo bimaze gukorwa, “icyizere cyose Abayahudi bari bafite cyo kurokoka cyahise kiyoyoka.” Uwo murwa umaze kuyogozwa n’inzara n’ubwicanyi bwakorwaga hagati y’udutsiko twitwazaga intwaro twari tuwurimo, waguye mu maboko y’abari bawugose hashize nk’amezi atanu.

Ese koko Hezekiya yubatse umuyoboro w’amazi i Yerusalemu?

Hezekiya yari umwami w’u Buyuda, mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya munani Mbere ya Yesu. Icyo gihe Abayahudi bari bafitanye amakimbirane n’ubwami bw’igihangange bw’Abashuri. Bibiliya itubwira ko Hezekiya yakoze uko ashoboye kose kugira ngo arinde umugi wa Yerusalemu, kandi afashe abari batuye uwo mugi gukomeza kubona amazi mu gihe cy’intambara. Mu mirimo y’ubwubatsi yakoze, harimo kubaka umuyoboro unyuze mu butaka ufite uburebure bwa metero 533, kugira ngo ugeze amazi y’isoko muri uwo murwa.—2 Abami 20:20; 2 Ibyo ku Ngoma 32:1-7, 30.

Uwo muyoboro wavumbuwe mu kinyejana cya 19. Nyuma yaho, waje kwitwa Umuyoboro wa Hezekiya, cyangwa Umuyoboro wa Silowamu. Muri uwo muyoboro, babonyemo inyandiko yanditse ku mabuye igaragaza imirimo ya nyuma yakozwe bawucukura. Abahanga benshi bakurikije ukuntu inyuguti zigize iyo nyandiko zari zimeze, bemeje ko iyo nyandiko ari iyo mu gihe cya Hezekiya. Ariko kandi, nyuma y’imyaka icumi, hari abantu bavuze ko uwo muyoboro wubatswe mu myaka 500 nyuma y’igihe abo bahanga batekerezaga ko wubatswemo. Mu mwaka wa 2003, itsinda ry’abahanga mu bya siyansi bo muri Isirayeli, ryashyize ahagaragara ibyo ryagezeho mu bushakashatsi ryakoze rigamije kumenya igihe nyacyo uwo muyoboro wubakiwe. Ni uwuhe mwanzuro abagize iryo tsinda bagezeho?

Dogiteri Amos Frumkin ukora muri kaminuza yo muri Isirayeli (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), yaravuze ati “ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku itaka ryo muri uwo muyoboro wa Silowamu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa karuboni (carbone 14) bwo kubara imyaka igihe ikintu kimaze, hamwe n’ubwakorewe ku mabuye yabonetse muri uwo muyoboro hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo bwo kubara (uranium-thorium), bwagaragaje mu buryo budasubirwaho ko uwo muyoboro ari uwo mu gihe cya Hezekiya.” Ingingo yasohotse mu kinyamakuru kivuga ibya siyansi yongeyeho iti “ibimenyetso by’ubwoko butatu butandukanye, byaba ibyerekanywe n’ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku bisigazwa by’ibintu byari muri uwo muyoboro, ibyerekanywe biturutse ku bushakashatsi bwakorewe ku nyandiko za kera ndetse n’ibyerekanywe n’amateka, byose bihuriza ku mwaka wa 700 Mbere ya Yesu. Ibyo byatumye Umuyoboro wa Silowamu uba inyubako abahanga bazi neza igihe yabereyeho, kurusha izindi zose zizwi muri iki gihe zivugwa muri Bibiliya zubatswe uhereye mu mwaka wa 1500 Mbere ya Yesu.”—Nature.