Umurimo w’uburobyi mu nyanja ya Galilaya

UMUROBYI wo mu kinyejana cya mbere warobaga mu Nyanja ya Galilaya, yabagaho ate? Kubona igisubizo cy’icyo kibazo, bidufasha gusobanukirwa inkuru nyinshi zo mu Mavanjiri, urugero nk’izo twasuzumye mu ngingo yabanjirije iyi.

Ubundi iyo “nyanja” ya Galilaya, ni ikiyaga gifite amazi atarimo umunyu, kikaba gifite uburebure bw’ibirometero hafi 21, n’ubugari bw’ibirometero bigera kuri 12. Abarobyi bamaze imyaka myinshi baroba amafi menshi aba muri iyo nyanja. Uko bigaragara, ku Irembo ry’Amafi ryari i Yerusalemu ni ho hari isoko ry’amafi (Nehemiya 3:3). Amwe mu mafi yahacururizwaga, yabaga yarobwe mu Nyanja ya Galilaya.

 Intumwa Petero yakomokaga mu mugi uri ku Nyanja ya Galilaya witwa Betsayida, iryo zina rikaba rishobora gusobanurwa ngo “Inzu y’abarobyi.” Undi mugi wari kuri icyo kiyaga wari Magadani cyangwa Magadala, aho akaba ari ho Yesu yajyanye abigishwa be, nyuma y’igihe runaka amaze kugenda hejuru y’amazi (Matayo 15:39). Hari umwanditsi wavuze ko izina ry’Ikigiriki ry’uwo mugi, ryashoboraga guhindurwamo ngo “Umugi utunganyirizwamo amafi.” Uwo mugi wari uzwi cyane kubera ko wabagamo inganda nini zitunganya amafi. Izo nganda zakiraga amafi yarobwaga muri ako gace, zikayumisha, kandi zikayashyiramo umunyu. Hari n’igihe ayo mafi yashyirwaga mu mushari wa divayi, maze agakorwamo isupu yabikwaga mu bibindi byabaga bifite imikondo. Iyo ayo mafi yabaga amaze gutunganywa, yarapakirwaga akoherezwa mu duce dutandukanye twa Isirayeli no hanze yayo.

Ubwo rero igihe Yesu yari ku isi, i Galilaya hakorerwaga imirimo ikomeye yo kuroba amafi, kuyatunganya no kuyacuruza. Biroroshye guhita utekereza ko ibyo byatezaga imbere abaturage benshi bo muri ako karere. Ariko ibyo si ko byari bimeze byanze bikunze. Hari intiti yavuze ko umwuga wo kuroba “utarimo ubwisanzure nk’uko abasoma Isezerano Rishya muri iki gihe bashobora kubitekereza.” Iyo ntiti yavuze ko wari umwe mu mirimo “yagenzurwaga na leta, wakizaga abantu b’ibikomerezwa gusa.”

Herode Antipa yari umutegetsi wayoboraga intara ya Galilaya, akaba yari yarashyizweho na Roma. Ku bw’ibyo, yagenzuraga imihanda yabaga mu ntara yayoboraga, akagenzura ibyambu, umutungo kamere, urugero nk’ibirombe byacukurwagamo amabuye y’agaciro, amashyamba, imirimo y’ubuhinzi n’iyo kuroba. Iyo mitungo yazaniraga Herode imisoro myinshi. Nta bintu byinshi tuzi ku birebana na politiki yo gusoresha yariho muri Galilaya yo mu kinyejana cya mbere. Icyakora, birashoboka ko uburyo Herode yakoreshaga butari butandukanye cyane n’ubw’abategetsi b’Abagiriki, cyangwa ubwakoreshwaga n’Abaroma mu zindi ntara z’iburasirazuba bategekaga. Abantu bo mu rwego rwo hejuru bashobora kuba ari bo batwaraga amafaranga menshi yavaga mu mirimo ibyara inyungu hamwe n’ayavaga mu mitungo kamere, aho kugira ngo ayo mafaranga agirire akamaro rubanda rwa giseseka, kandi ari bo bakoraga imirimo myinshi.

Imisoro y’ikirenga

Mu gihe cya Yesu, uduce twiza two muri Galilaya twabaga ari utw’abantu bagize umuryango wa cyami, kandi badukatagamo ibikingi binini Herode Antipa yagabiraga abategetsi bakomeye n’abandi bantu. Abaturage Herode yayoboraga ni bo babaga bagomba gutanga amafaranga yo kumutunga, dore ko yiberagaho mu iraha. Ni na bo batangaga amafaranga yakoreshaga mu mishinga ihambaye y’ubwubatsi, ayo yahembaga abakozi, ayo yakoreshaga aha impano incuti ze hamwe n’ayo yakoreshaga aha impano iyindi migi. Abantu bavuga ko abaturage bo muri rubanda rwa giseseka bari bararembejwe n’imisoro n’amahoro bakwaga.

Nanone Herode ni we wagenzuraga imirimo yose yakorerwaga ku biyaga byo mu ntara ye. Ubwo rero, umurimo wo kuroba wari kimwe mu byagenzurwaga n’abakozi b’i bwami, cyangwa se bigakorwa n’abo yabaga yaragabiye ibikingi. Mu  duce twagenzurwaga n’umwami, habaga hari abasoresha. Babaga ari abantu b’abakire batangaga amafaranga aruta ay’abandi mu ipiganwa, maze bagahabwa uburenganzira bwo gusoresha. Ibyo byabaheshaga uburenganzira bwo kugirana amasezerano n’abarobyi kugira ngo bemererwe kuroba. Ibiro by’imisoro Matayo yakoreragamo byari i Kaperinawumu, uwo ukaba ari umugi w’ingenzi wakorerwagamo imirimo y’uburobyi uri ku nyanja ya Galilaya. Kubera iyo mpamvu, hari abavuga ko Matayo ashobora kuba yarakoreraga abo basoresha, akaba ari we “utanga uburenganzira . . . bwo kuroba” muri ako gace. *

Hari ibimenyetso byo mu kinyejana cya mbere n’icya kabiri mbere ya Yesu, bigaragaza ko abantu bo muri Palestina batangaga “amakoro” aho gutanga imisoro y’amafaranga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bamwe mu barobyi babigize umwuga basoraga 25 kugeza kuri 40 ku ijana by’amafi babaga barobye, kugira ngo bemererwe kuroba. Hari inyandiko za kera zigaragaza ko nibura mu turere tumwe na tumwe twategekwaga n’Abaroma, umwuga w’uburobyi wakomeje gukorwa na Leta gusa, kandi ko yabaga yarashyizeho abagenzuzi bo kuwukurikiranira hafi. I Pisidiya hari abantu bakoraga nk’abapolisi bari bashinzwe kugenzura ko nta muntu uroba atabifitiye uburenganzira, kandi bakagenzura ko abarobyi bagurisha amafi yabo ku baranguzi bemewe. Abo baranguzi na bo bagenzurwaga na Leta, kandi ikaba ari yo ibasoresha.

Hari umuhanga mu gusesengura ibintu wavuze ko iyo misoro yose hamwe n’ako kazi ko kugenzura imirimo y’uburobyi, byatumaga “umwami na ba nyir’ibikingi babona inyungu nyinshi, naho abarobyi bakabona inyungu nke cyane.” Abantu bakoraga indi mirimo y’ubucuruzi na bo bungukaga amafaranga make, kubera ko batangaga imisoro myinshi. Abasoreshwaga ntibigeze na rimwe bishimira gutanga imisoro. Icyakora, nta gushidikanya ko impamvu yatumaga abaturage barushaho kwanga abakoresha b’ikoro nk’uko bigaragara mu Mavanjiri, ari ukubera uburiganya n’umururumba by’abo bantu babaga barakijijwe n’imisoro myinshi bakaga rubanda.—Luka 3:13; 19:2, 8.

Abarobyi bavugwa mu Mavanjiri

Amavanjiri agaragaza ko Simoni Petero yakoranaga n’abandi bantu umwuga w’uburobyi. Ba bantu baje gufasha Petero kuzamura inshundura igihe Yesu yakoraga igitangaza, bari “bagenzi babo bari mu bundi bwato” (Luka 5:3-7). Hari intiti yavuze ko “abarobyi bashoboraga gukora ‘amakoperative’ . . . kugira ngo babone impushya zo kuroba.” Birashoboka ko ubwo ari bwo buryo abahungu ba Zebedayo, Petero, Andereya hamwe n’abo bakoranaga bakoresheje, kugira ngo bahabwe uburenganzira bwo gukora umurimo wabo w’uburobyi.

Ibyanditswe ntibigaragaza neza niba abarobyi b’i Galilaya bari bafite amato n’ibindi bikoresho byabo bwite. Hari abantu bemera ko bari babifite. Kandi koko, Bibiliya ivuga ko Yesu yuriye ubwato “bwari ubwa Simoni” (Luka 5:3). Icyakora nk’uko ingingo yo mu kinyamakuru kimwe ibigaragaza, “birashoboka ko amato yabaga ari ay’abasoresha noneho agakoreshwa n’amakoperative.” Uko byaba bimeze kose, Ibyanditswe bivuga ko Yakobo na Yohana basanaga inshundura zabo. Nanone birashoboka ko abarobyi baciririkanyaga mu gihe babaga bagurisha amafi barobye, cyangwa se bakabikora bumvikana n’abakozi ba nyakabyizi ayo bari bubahembe, iyo byabaga ari ngombwa ko babakoresha.

Ku bw’ibyo, abarobyi b’i Galilaya bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bakoraga imirimo myinshi irenze iyo dushobora gutekereza. Umurimo wabo wari umwe mu mirimo myinshi iteza imbere ubukungu bw’igihugu. Kuzirikana ibyo, bizatuma turushaho gusobanukirwa inkuru zivugwa mu mavanjiri, kandi bitume dusobanukirwa ibyo Yesu yavugaga ku birebana n’umurimo w’uburobyi ndetse n’abawukora. Ikindi kandi, bizadufasha kwiyumvisha ukuntu burya Petero, Andereya, Yakobo na Yohana bagaragaje ukwizera. Nubwo bari batunzwe no kuroba, igihe Yesu yabahamagaraga ntibigeze bita ku mimerere y’iby’ubukungu barimo, ahubwo baretse umwuga wabo wabazaniraga inyungu, kugira ngo babe “abarobyi b’abantu.”—Matayo 4:19.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ikarita yo ku ipaji ya 25]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu Munara w’Umurinzi)

Ikiyaga cya Hula

Betsayida

Kaperinawumu

Magadani

Inyanja ya Galilaya

Yerusalemu

Inyanja y’Umunyu

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Todd Bolen/Bible Places.com

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 26 yavuye]

Todd Bolen/Bible Places.com