A B D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U Y Z

A

• Abacamanza.

  Ni abagabo Yehova yashyizeho ngo bakize abantu be mbere y’uko Isirayeli itangira kugira abami b’abantu.—Abc 2:16.

• Abadayimoni.

  Ni ibiremwa by’umwuka bibi, bitagaragara kandi bifite imbaraga ziruta iz’abantu. Mu Ntangiriro 6:2, bitwa “abana b’Imana” naho muri Yuda 6 bakitwa “abamarayika.” Ubundi abo bamarayika ntibaremwe ari babi. Ahubwo ni bo bihinduye abanzi b’Imana, igihe bigomekaga ku Mana mu gihe cya Nowa, maze bagashyigikira Satani wigometse kuri Yehova.—Gut 32:17; Luka 8:30; Ibk 16:16; Yak 2:19.

• Abafarisayo.

  Ni agatsiko k’idini ry’Abayahudi kari gakomeye ko mu kinyejana cya mbere. Nubwo batakomokaga mu muryango w’abatambyi, bakurikizaga Amategeko ya Mose mu buryo butagoragozwa no mu tuntu duto duto kandi imigenzo y’abantu bagiye bahererekanya, bakayiha agaciro nk’ako bahaga ayo mategeko (Mat 23:23). Ntibashakaga ko umuco w’Abagiriki ukwirakwira kandi kubera ko bari abahanga mu Mategeko no mu migenzo, bari bafite ububasha ku baturage (Mat 23:2-6). Bamwe muri bo bari bagize Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Kiyahudi. Bavugaga ko Yesu atizihizaga Isabato, ntakurikize imigenzo kandi akifatanya n’abanyabyaha n’abasoresha. Bamwe muri bo babaye Abakristo, harimo na Sawuli w’i Taruso.—Mat 9:11; 12:14; Mar 7:5; Luka 6:2; Ibk 26:5.

• Abafilozofe b’Abepikureyo.

  Ni abayoboke b’umufilozofe w’Umugiriki witwaga Épicure (wabayeho muri 341-270 M.Y.). Bigishaga ko ikintu cy’ingenzi mu buzima bw’umuntu ari ugushaka icyatuma yishima.—Ibk 17:18.

• Abagiye mu idini (ry’Abayahudi).

  Ni ukuvuga abantu babaga baragiye mu rindi dini. Muri Bibiliya, iri jambo rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku muntu wagiye mu idini ry’Abayahudi; abagabo bakaba barasabwaga gukebwa.—Mat 23:15; Ibk 13:43.

• Abahanga muri filozofiya b’Abasitoyiko.

  Ni itsinda ry’abahanga muri filozofiya b’Abagiriki bemeraga ko kugira ngo umuntu agire ibyishimo agomba kubaho ahuje n’ibitekerezo na kamere. Bavugaga ko umuntu w’umunyabwenge by’ukuri, kubabara cyangwa kwishima nta cyo byabaga bimubwiye.—Ibk 17:18.

• Abahungu ba Aroni.

  Ni abantu bakomokaga kuri Aroni, umwuzukuru wa Lewi, watoranyijwe ngo abe umutambyi mukuru wa mbere mu gihe cy’Amategeko ya Mose. Abahungu ba Aroni basohozaga inshingano zirebana n’ubutambyi mu ihema ryo guhuriramo n’Imana no mu rusengero.—1Ng 23:28.

• Abakerubi.

  Ni abamarayika bo mu rwego rwo hejuru, bahabwa inshingano zidasanzwe. Batandukanye n’Abaserafi.—Int 3:24; Kuva 25:20; Yes 37:16; Heb 9:5.

• Abamarayika.

  Riva ku ijambo ry’Igiheburayo mal·ʼakhʹ n’irindi ry’Ikigiriki agʹge·los. Ayo magambo yombi asobanura “intumwa” ariko ahindurwamo “umumarayika” iyo bishaka kuvuga ibiremwa by’umwuka Imana iba yatumye (Int 16:7; 32:3; Yak 2:25; Ibh 22:8). Abamarayika ni ibiremwa by’umwuka bifite imbaraga. Imana yabaremye kera cyane mbere y’uko irema abantu. Nanone muri Bibiliya bitwa “abana b’Imana,” n’“inyenyeri za mu gitondo” (Gut 33:2; Yobu 1:6; 38:7). Ntabwo Imana yabaremanye ubushobozi bwo kubyara abandi bamarayika, ahubwo buri wese yaremwe ku giti ke. Umubare wabo urenga miriyoni ijana (Dan 7:10). Bibiliya igaragaza ko bafite amazina n’imico ibaranga, ariko bicisha bugufi bakanga gusengwa kandi bakirinda kugaragaza amazina yabo (Int 32:29; Luka 1:26; Ibh 22:8, 9). Abamarayika bari mu nzego zitandukanye kandi basohoza inshingano zitandukanye, hakubiyemo no gukorera Yehova imbere y’intebe ye y’Ubwami, gutangaza ubutumwa, gufasha abagaragu ba Yehova bo ku isi, gusohoza imanza no gushyigikira umurimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza (2Bm 19:35; Zab 34:7; Luka 1:30, 31; Ibh 5:11; 14:6). Mu gihe kiri imbere bazafasha Yesu kurwana intambara ya Harimagedoni.—Ibh 19:14, 15.

• Abamedi; U Bumedi.

  Ni abantu bakomoka ku muhungu wa Yafeti witwaga Madayi; bari batuye mu karere k’imisozi yo mu gihugu cyitwaga u Bumedi, ari na ho Irani y’ubu iherereye. Abamedi bishyize hamwe n’Abanyababuloni kugira ngo batsinde Abashuri. Icyo gihe, u Buperesi bwari intara yategekwaga n’Abamedi. Ariko Kuro yarigometse maze u Bumedi buhuzwa n’u Buperesi, bihinduka ubwami bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi, ari na bwo bwatsinze ubwami bw’Abanyababuloni mu mwaka wa 539 M.Y. Abamedi bari bari i Yerusalemu kuri Pentekote  yo mu mwaka wa 33 (Dan 5:28, 31; Ibk 2:9).—Reba Umugereka wa B9.

• Abanefili.

  Ni abantu b’abagome babayeho mbere y’Umwuzure. Bavukaga ku bamarayika bari bariyambitse imibiri y’abantu bakabyarana n’abakobwa b’abantu.—Int 6:4.

• Abanetinimu.

  Ni abakozi bo mu rusengero, ariko batari Abisirayeli. Mu Giheburayo, iryo jambo risobanura “Abatanzwe,” bikaba byumvikanisha ko babaga baratanzwe ngo bakore imirimo yo mu rusengero. Birashoboka ko abenshi mu Banetinimu bakomokaga ku Bagibeyoni, ni ukuvuga abo Yosuwa yari yarahaye inshingano yo kujya “bashaka inkwi no kuvomera abantu amazi kandi bagashakira inkwi n’amazi igicaniro cya Yehova.”—Yos 9:23, 27; 1Ng 9:2; Ezr 8:17.

• Abaragura bakoresheje inyenyeri.

  Ni abantu bagenzura ingendo z’izuba, ukwezi n’inyenyeri, bakabiheraho bavuga ibizaba mu bihe biri imbere.—Dan 2:27; Mat 2:1.

• Abasadukayo.

  Ni agatsiko ko mu idini ry’Abayahudi kari kagizwe n’abakire hamwe n’abatambyi bari bafite ububasha ku byakorerwaga mu rusengero. Ntibemeraga imigenzo myinshi yakurikizwaga n’Abafarisayo hamwe n’ibyo bemeraga. Ntibemeraga ko abamarayika babaho kandi ko hazabaho umuzuko. Barwanyaga Yesu.—Mat 16:1; Ibk 23:8.

• Abasamariya.

  Ni izina ryahabwaga Abisirayeli bari bagize imiryango 10 yo mu bwami bwo mu majyaruguru. Ariko Abashuri bamaze gutsinda Samariya mu mwaka wa 740 M.Y., iryo zina ryahawe n’abanyamahanga abo Bashuri bazanye. Mu gihe cya Yesu, iryo zina ntiryari ricyerekeza ku bantu b’ubwoko runaka cyangwa bayoborwaga n’ubwami ubu n’ubu, ahubwo ryerekezaga ku gatsiko k’idini k’abantu babaga hafi ya Shekemu ya kera na Samariya. Imwe mu myizerere y’abayoboke bo muri ako gatsiko yari itandukanye cyane n’iy’abo mu idini ry’Abayahudi.—Yoh 8:48.

• Abasaza; Abakuru.

  Ni umuntu ukuze mu myaka, ariko mu Byanditswe akaba ari umuntu mbere na mbere wabaga afite ububasha cyangwa inshingano mu bandi cyangwa mu gihugu. Ayo magambo nanone akoreshwa yerekeza ku biremwa byo mu ijuru bivugwa mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe. Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki pre·sbyʹte·ros rihindurwamo “umusaza” riba ryerekeza ku bafite inshingano y’ubuyobozi mu itorero.—Kuva 4:29; Img 31:23; 1Tm 5:17; Ibh 4:4.

• Abaserafi.

  Ni ibiremwa by’umwuka bikikije intebe ya Yehova mu ijuru. Mu Giheburayo, ijambo sera·phimʹ risobanura “abatwika.”—Yes 6:2, 6.

• Abasirikare barinda Kayisari.

  Ni itsinda ry’abasirikare b’Abaroma, bari bashinzwe kurinda umwami w’abami w’Abaroma. Abo basirikare baje gukomera ku buryo bagiraga uruhare mu gushyiraho umwami w’abami cyangwa bakamukuraho.—Flp 1:13.

• Abayoboke b’ishyaka rya Herode.

  Nanone bitwaga Abaherode. Ni abantu babaga mu ishyaka ryakundaga igihugu birenze urugero, bakaba bari bashyigikiye intego zishingiye kuri politiki z’abategetsi bitwaga ba Herode babayeho mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bw’Abaroma. Birashoboka ko bamwe mu Basadukayo babaga muri iryo shyaka. Abafarisayo bishyize hamwe n’Abaherode kugira ngo barwanye Yesu.—Mar 3:6.

• Abayoboke b’ishyaka rya Herode.—

  Reba ijambo HERODE; ABAYOBOKE (BA).

• Abibu.

  Ni izina ryari ryarahawe ukwezi kwa mbere kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi, kukaba ukwezi kwa karindwi kuri kalendari isanzwe. “Abibu” bisobanura “amahundo y’icyatsi (y’ibinyampeke.)” Uko kwezi kwaheraga hagati muri Werurwe kukageza hagati muri Mata. Igihe Abayahudi bari bamaze kuva i Babuloni, uko kwezi kwiswe Nisani (Gut 16:1).—Reba Umugereka wa B15.

• Abu.

  Ni izina ryari ryarahawe ukwezi kwa gatanu kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi, kukaba ukwezi kwa 11 kuri kalendari isanzwe. Kwaheraga hagati muri Nyakanga kukageza hagati muri Kanama. Iryo zina “Abu” ntirigaragara muri Bibiliya. Ahubwo iyo Bibiliya ivuga uko kwezi, ikwita “ukwezi kwa gatanu” (Kub 33:38; Ezr 7:9).—Reba Umugereka wa B15.

• Abungirije umwami.

  Babaga ari abayobozi cyangwa ba guverineri b’intara za Babuloni cyangwa iz’ubwami bw’Abaperesi. Umwami ni we wabashyiragaho ngo bamutegekere.—Ezr 8:36; Dan 6:1.

• Adari.

  Igihe Abisirayeli bari bavuye i Babuloni, ni uko bise ukwezi kwa 12 kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi kukaba ari ukwezi kwa 6 kuri kalendari isanzwe. Uko kwezi kwaheraga hagati muri Gashyantare kukageza hagati muri Werurwe (Est 3:7).—Reba Umugereka wa B15.

• Agahinda; Kuboroga.

  Ni ibintu umuntu akora cyangwa avuga bigaragaza ko ababaye cyane bitewe n’ibyago byamugezeho cyangwa yapfushije. Mu bihe bya Bibiliya, byari bimenyerewe ko abantu bamara igihe bafite agahinda. Uretse kurira mu ijwi ryumvikana cyane, abantu bafite agahinda cyangwa baboroga bambaraga imyenda yihariye, bagashyira ivu mu mutwe, bagaca imyenda bambaye kandi bakikubita mu gituza. Hari n’abantu babaga barabigize umwuga batumirwaga kugira ngo barire mu gihe umuntu yapfuye.—Int 23:2; Est 4:3; Ibh 21:4.

•  Agatsiko k’idini.

  Ni itsinda ry’abantu bayoborwa n’inyigisho cyangwa umuyobozi kandi bagakurikiza ibyo bizera. Rikoreshwa ku bice bibiri by’idini ry’Abayahudi, Abafarisayo n’Abasadukayo. Nanone, abantu batari Abakristo bavugaga ko Abakristo ari “agatsiko k’idini” cyangwa “agatsiko k’idini ry’Abanyanazareti,” wenda bitewe n’uko bibwiraga ko bitandukanyije n’idini ry’Abayahudi. Mu itorero rya gikristo haje kuvukamo udutsiko; kamwe muri two ni “agatsiko k’Abanikolayiti” kavugwa mu Byahishuwe.—Ibk 5:17; 15:5; 24:5; 28:22; Ibh 2:6; 2Pt 2:1.

• Ahantu hirengeye.

  Ni ahantu ho gusengera akenshi habaga ari hejuru ku musozi cyangwa ahantu hegutse abantu bakoze. Nubwo rimwe na rimwe ahantu hirengeye abantu bahakoreshaga basenga Imana, akenshi abapagani bahakoreshaga basenga ibigirwamana.—Kub 33:52; 1Bm 3:2; Yer 19:5.

• Ahera.

  Ni icyumba cya mbere kandi kinini kurusha ibindi cyo mu ihema cyangwa mu rusengero, kikaba cyari gitandukanye n’icyumba cy’imbere cyane, ari cyo cy’Ahera Cyane. Icyo cyumba cyo mu ihema cyabaga kirimo igitereko cy’amatara gikozwe muri zahabu, igicaniro cy’imibavu cya zahabu, ameza y’imigati igenewe Imana n’ibikoresho bikozwe muri zahabu. Mu cyumba cyo mu rusengero ho habaga harimo igicaniro cya zahabu, ibitereko icumi by’amatara bya zahabu n’ameza icumi y’imigati igenewe Imana (Kuva 26:33; Heb 9:2).—Reba Umugereka wa B5 n’uwa B8.

• Ahera Cyane.

  Ni icyumba cy’imbere cyane cyabaga mu ihema no mu rusengero, ahabikwaga isanduku y’isezerano; nanone hitwaga Ahera kurusha ahandi. Hakurikijwe Amategeko ya Mose, umutambyi mukuru ni we wenyine wari wemerewe kwinjira muri icyo cyumba, kandi akahinjira rimwe mu mwaka ku Munsi wo Kwiyunga n’Imana.—Kuva 26:33; Lew 16:2, 17; 1Bm 6:16; Heb 9:3.

• Aho bengera.

  Yabaga ari imyobo ibiri (minini) yakorogoshowe mu rutare, umwe usa n’uri hejuru y’undi, ifite umuyoboro muto uyihuza. Iyo bengeraga imizabibu mu mwobo uri haruguru, umutobe wamanukiraga mu mwobo uri hepfo. Iryo jambo rikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo ryerekeza ku rubanza rw’Imana.—Yes 5:2; Ibh 19:15.

• Akarere k’imisozi ya Libani.

  Ni kamwe mu turere tubiri tw’imisozi miremire tugize imisozi miremire yo muri Libani. Urwo ruhererekane rw’imisozi ruri mu burengerazuba naho urundi rukaba mu burasirazuba. Hagati yabyo hari ikibaya kinini kandi gifite ubutaka bwera cyane. Ako karere k’imisozi miremire gahera ku nkombe z’Inyanja ya Mediterane, kandi gafite ubutumburuke bwa metero ziri hagati ya 1.800 na 2.100. Mu bihe bya Bibiliya, iyo misozi yabaga iriho ibiti binini by’amasederi, byakundwaga cyane n’ibihugu byo muri ako gace (Gut 1:7; Zab 29:6; 92:12).—Reba Umugereka wa B7.

• Akaya.

  Ni ahantu havugwa mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo. Yari intara ya Roma, yari iherereye mu majyepfo y’u Bugiriki. Umurwa mukuru wayo wari Korinto. Akaya yari igizwe n’agace kose kinjira mu nyanja kitwa Peloponeze hamwe n’igice cy’u Bugiriki gikora ku nyanja (Ibk 18:12).—Reba Umugereka wa B13.

• Alamoti.

  Ni ijambo ry’umuzika risobanura “abakobwa.” Birashoboka ko baryise batyo bitewe n’uko abakobwa bakunda kuririmba amajwi yo hejuru, yitwa sopurano. Uko bigaragara, iryo jambo ryakoreshwaga bashaka kwerekana ko igikoresho cy’umuzika bari bukoreshe cyangwa ko injyana bari bucurangemo, biba biri mu ijwi ryo hejuru.—1Ng 15:20; Zb 46:Amagambo abanza.

• Alufa na Omega.

  Alufa ni inyuguti ya mbere, naho Omega ni inyuguti ya nyuma, mu nyuguti z’Ikigiriki. Izo nyuguti zombi “Alufa na Omega” zikoreshwa inshuro eshatu mu Byahishuwe, kandi hose haba hagaragaza ko ari izina ry’Imana. Muri izo nshuro zose ayo magambo aba asobanura kimwe, ni ukuvuga “intangiriro n’iherezo” cyangwa “ubanza n’uheruka.”—Ibh 1:8; 21:6; 22:13.

• Amagambo abanza.

  Ni amagambo abanziriza zaburi agaragaza uwayanditse, imimerere yanditswemo, ibikoresho by’umuziki byakoreshejwe cyangwa akavuga impamvu iyo zaburi yakoreshwaga n’intego yayo.—Reba Amagambo abanza yo muri Zaburi ya 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 30, 38, 60, 92, 102.

• Amahembe y’igicaniro.

  Ni ibintu bimeze nk’amahembe byabaga biteye ku nguni enye z’igicaniro (Lew 8:15; 1Bm 2:28).—Reba Umugereka wa B5 n’uwa B8

• Amakomamanga.

  Ni urubuto rujya kumera nka pome, rufite akantu kenda kumera nk’ikamba hejuru ku mutwe. Uruhu rwʼurwo rubuto ruba rukomeye, imbere rukagira utubumbe twuzuyemo umutobe, imbere hakaba harimo akabuto gakomeye gafite ibara ry’iroza cyangwa iry’umutuku. Imitako ifite ishusho y’amakomamanga yabaga itatse ku mpera y’ikanzu itagira amaboko y’umutambyi no ku mitwe y’inkingi ya Yakini n’iya Bowazi zabaga mu rusengero.—Kuva 28:34; Kub 13:23; 1Bm 7:18.

• Amategeko.

  Iyo iryo jambo ryanditse ritangijwe inyuguti nkuru, akenshi riba ryerekeza ku  Mategeko ya Mose cyangwa ku bitabo bitanu bibanza byo muri Bibiliya. Iyo iryo jambo ritangijwe inyuguti nto, riba rishaka kuvuga itegeko rimwe ryo mu Mategeko ya Mose cyangwa ihame ryo mu mategeko.—Kub 15:16; Gut 4:8; Mat 7:12; Gal 3:24.

• Amategeko ya Mose.

  Ni Amategeko Yehova yahaye Abisirayeli akoresheje Mose, igihe bari mu butayu bwa Sinayi mu mwaka wa 1513 M.Y. Ibitabo bitanu bibanza muri Bibiliya, bikunze kwitwa Amategeko.—Yos 23:6; Luka 24:44.

• Amato y’i Tarushishi.

  Mbere aya magambo yasobanuraga amato yakoraga ingendo zijya i Tarushishi ya kera (Esipanye y’ubu). Uko bigaragara, nyuma amato yari afite ubushobozi bwo gukora ingendo ndende na yo yaje kwitwa atyo. Salomo na Yehoshafati bakoreshaga amato nk’ayo mu bucuruzi.—1Bm 9:26; 10:22; 22:48.

• Amen.

  “Bibe bityo,” cyangwa “ni byo.” Iryo jambo rituruka ku gicumbi cy’ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ʼa·manʹ, risobanura “kuba indahemuka; uwizerwa.” Abantu bavugaga “Amen” iyo babaga bagaragaza ko bemera ibyavuzwe mu ndahiro, mu isengesho, cyangwa andi magambo.—Gut 27:26; 1Ng 16:36; Ibh 3:14.

• Antikristo.

  Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki rihindurwamo “Antikristo,” rifite ibisobanuro bibiri. Risobanura urwanya Kristo. Nanone rishobora gusobanura uwigira Kristo, ni ukuvuga umuntu wishyira mu mwanya wa Kristo. Umuntu wese, umuryango uwo ari wo wose cyangwa itsinda ry’abantu babeshya bavuga ko bahagarariye Kristo cyangwa bakiyita Mesiya cyangwa barwanya Kristo n’abigishwa be, bakwiriye kwitwa ba antikristo.—1Yh 2:22.

• Aramu; Abarameyi.

  Bakomoka ku muhungu wa Shemu witwa Aramu. Ahanini Abarameyi bari batuye mu turere duhera mu misozi miremire yo muri Libani tukagera muri Mezopotamiya, no mu karere gahera ku misozi ya Taurus mu majyaruguru ya Damasiko kakagera no mu majyepfo. Ako gace kitwa Aramu mu Giheburayo, ni ko kaje kujya kitwa Siriya, abaturage bahatuye bakitwa Abanyasiriya.—Int 25:20; Gut 26:5; Hos 12:12.

• Areyopago.

  Wari umusozi muremure wo mu karere ka Atene, mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bwa Acropolis. Nanone bawise batyo kubera ko abari bagize Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Abayahudi ari ho bakundaga guhurira. Abafilozofe b’Abasitoyiko n’Abepikureyo bajyanye Pawulo kuri uwo musozi kugira ngo abasobanurire imyizerere ye.—Ibk 17:19.

• Aselgeia.—

  Reba amagambo IMYIFATIRE ITEYE ISONI.

• Ashitoreti.

  Ni ikigirwamanakazi cy’Abanyakanani cyari gishinzwe intambara n’uburumbuke. Cyari umugore wa Bayali.—1Sm 7:3.

• Azazeli.

  Ni ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rishobora kuba risobanura “ihene igomba kubura.” Ku Munsi wo Kwiyunga n’Imana, iyo hene y’Azazeli yoherezwaga mu butayu, mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo ikaba itwaye ibyaha byose Abisirayeli bakoze mu mwaka ushize.—Lew 16:8, 10.

• Aziya.

  Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, “Aziya” ni izina ry’intara ya Roma. Muri iki gihe, ako karere karimo igice cy’uburengerazuba bwa Turukiya, hamwe n’utundi duce dukora ku nyanja, urugero nka Samosi na Patimosi. Umurwa mukuru w’iyo ntara wari Efeso (Ibk 20:16; Ibh 1:4).—Reba Umugereka wa B13.

B

• Bamenya.

  Ni umuntu Imana yafashaga kumenya ibyo ishaka. Imana yamufunguraga amaso akabona ibyo abandi bantu muri rusange batabona kandi akabisobanukirwa. Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rikomokaho risobanura “kureba” haba mu buryo busanzwe cyangwa mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo. Iyo abantu babaga bakeneye inama z’ubwenge zabafasha mu bibazo bahuye na byo, bajyaga kureba bamenya.—1Sm 9:9.

• Bati.

  Ni urugero rwo gupima ibisukika. Abashakashatsi bataburuye ibyasigaye mu matongo bavumbuye ibibindi byanditseho iryo jambo; basanze urwo rugero rungana na litiro 22. Muri Bibiliya, urwo rugero ni rwo rwagiye rushingirwaho mu gupima ibindi bintu, byaba ibisukika n’ibidasukika (1Bm 7:38; Ezk 45:14).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Bayali.

  Ni imana y’Abanyakanani. Abayisengaga batekerezaga ko ikirere ari icyayo, ko igusha imvura kandi igatuma imyaka yabo yera. Nanone ijambo “Bayali” ryakoreshwaga ryumvikanisha imana zo ku rwego ruciriritse. Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rihindurwamo “Bayali” risobanura “nyiri ikintu; Umuyobozi.”—1Bm 18:21; Rom 11:4.

• Belizebuli.

  Ni izina rihabwa Satani, umutware cyangwa umuyobozi w’abadayimoni. Rishobora kuba rifitanye isano na Bayali-zebubi, ni ukuvuga Bayali Abafilisitiya bo muri Ekuroni basengaga.—2Bm 1:3; Mat 12:24.

• Buli.

  Ni izina ry’ukwezi kwa munani kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi, kukaba ari ukwezi kwa kabiri kuri kalendari yari isanzwe. Iryo zina rikomoka ku ijambo ry’Igiheburayo risobanura “gukora ikintu; ikintu cyakozwe” kandi uko kwezi kwaheraga hagati mu kwezi k’Ukwakira kukagera hagati mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo (1Bm 6:38).—Reba Umugereka wa B15.

 D

• Dagoni.

  Ni imana y’Abafilisitiya. Inkomoko y’iryo jambo ntizwi neza, ariko hari abashakashatsi bavuga ko rifitanye isano n’ijambo ry’Igiheburayo dagh (risobanura ifi).—Abc 16:23; 1Sm 5:4.

• Dekapoli.

  Ni itsinda ry’imijyi y’u Bugiriki, ryatangiye rigizwe n’imijyi icumi. (Iryo jambo rikomoka ku magambo abiri y’Ikigiriki ari yo deʹka, risobanura “icumi” na poʹlis, risobanura “umujyi”). Iryo ni na ryo zina ry’akarere ko mu burasirazuba bw’Inyanja ya Galilaya n’Uruzi rwa Yorodani, ari na ho imyinshi muri iyo mijyi yari iri. Muri iyo mijyi hahuriraga abantu bo mu mico itandukanye n’abakora ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi. Yesu yanyuze muri ako karere, ariko nta nyandiko zigaragaza ko yagiye kubwiriza muri umwe muri iyo mijyi (Mat 4:25; Mar 5:20).—Reba Umugereka wa A7 n’uwa B10.

E

• Edomu.

  Ni irindi zina rya Esawu, umuhungu wa Isaka. Abakomoka kuri Esawu (Edomu) bafashe agace ka Seyiri, ni ukuvuga akarere k’imisozi miremire kari hagati y’Inyanja y’Umunyu n’Ikigobe cya Akaba (Aqaba). Ako karere kamenyekanye ku izina rya Edomu (Int 25:30; 36:8).—Reba Umugereka wa B3 n’uwa B4.

• Efa.

  Ni urugero rw’ibintu bidasukika, cyangwa igikoresho cyakoreshwaga igihe cyo gupima ibinyampeke. Urwo rugero rwagaba rungana na Bati bakoreshaga bapima ibintu bisukika. Rwanganaga na litiro 22 (Kuva 16:36; Ezk 45:10).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Efodi.

  Ni umwambaro abatambyi bambaraga ujya kumera nk’itaburiya. Umutambyi mukuru yambaraga Efodi yihariye maze akayirenzaho igitambaro cyo kwambara mu gituza cyabaga kiriho amabuye y’agaciro 12 (Kuva 28:4, 6).—Reba Umugereka wa B5.

• Efurayimu.

  Ni izina ry’umuhungu wa kabiri wa Yozefu. Nanone umwe mu miryango ya Isirayeli waje kwitwa iryo zina. Igihe Isirayeli yari imaze kwicamo ibice, Efurayimu yasigaye ari yo ihagarariye ubwami bw’imiryango icumi, kubera ko ari yo yari ikomeye kuruta indi miryango.—Int 41:52; Yer 7:15.

• Eluli.

  Igihe Abisirayeli bari bavuye i Babuloni, ni uko bise ukwezi kwa 6 kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi, kukaba ukwezi kwa 12 kuri kalendari isanzwe. Kwaheraga hagati mu kwezi kwa Kamena kukageza hagati muri Nzeri (Neh 6:15).—Reba Umugereka wa B15.

• Etanimu.

  Ni izina ry’ukwezi kwa karindwi kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi, kukaba ukwezi kwa mbere kuri kalendari isanzwe. Kwaheraga hagati mu kwezi kwa Nzeri kukagera hagati mu kwezi k’Ukwakira. Abayahudi bamaze kugaruka bavuye i Babuloni, uko kwezi kwiswe Tishiri (1Bm 8:2).—Reba Umugereka wa B15.

• Etiyopiya.

  Ni igihugu cyahoze giherereye mu majyepfo ya Egiputa. Icyo gihugu cyageraga mu gice cyo mu majyepfo ya Misiri na Sudani y’ubu. Muri Bibiliya rimwe na rimwe hakoreshwa ijambo “Kushi” ry’Igiheburayo rishaka kuvuga icyo gihugu.—Est 1:1.

F

• Farawo.

  Ni izina ry’icyubahiro ryahabwaga abami bo muri Egiputa. Muri Bibiliya havugwamo amazina y’abo bami batanu (Shishaki, So, Tiruhaka, Neko na Hofura), ariko abandi amazina yabo ntiyavuzwe, harimo n’abagize ibyo bahuriraho na Aburahamu, Mose na Yozefu.—Kuva 15:4; Rom 9:17.

G

• Gehinomu.

  Ni izina ryo mu Kigiriki ry’Ikibaya cya Hinomu, cyari giherereye mu majyepfo no mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bwa Yerusalemu ya kera (Yer 7:31). Aho hantu hagiye havugwa mu mvugo y’ubuhanuzi, yumvikanisha ahantu hari kujya harundwa imirambo (Yer 7:32; 19:6). Nta kintu na kimwe kigaragaza ko inyamaswa cyangwa abantu byari kujya bijugunywa muri Gehinomu kugira ngo bihatwikirwe ari bizima cyangwa ngo bihababarizwe. Ubwo rero aho ntihashobora kuba ahantu hatagaragara ubugingo bw’abantu bubabarizwa iteka ryose mu muriro nyamuriro. Ahubwo Yesu n’abigishwa be bakoresheje ijambo Gehinomu bashaka kuvuga igihano cy’iteka cy’‘urupfu rwa kabiri,’ ni ukuvuga kurimbuka iteka.—Ibh 20:14; Mat 5:22; 10:28.

• Gera.

  Ni urugero rw’uburemere rungana na garama 0,57. “Gera” imwe ingana na 1/20 cya “shekeli” (Lew 27:25).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Gileyadi.

  Mu buryo bw’ibanze, iryo jambo ryerekeza ku gace ka kera cyane ko mu burasirazuba bw’Uruzi rwa Yorodani, kagenda kakagera mu majyaruguru no mu majyepfo y’Ikibaya cya Yaboki. Hari n’igihe iryo jambo rikoreshwa rishaka kuvuga agace kose k’igihugu cya Isirayeli ko mu burasirazuba bwa Yorodani, ahari hatuye abakomoka kuri Rubeni, Gadi n’igice cy’abagize umuryango wa Manase (Kub 32:1; Yos 12:2; 2Bm 10:33).—Reba Umugereka wa B4.

• Gititi.

  Ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu muziki. Ibisobanuro byaryo ntibizwi neza. Icyakora, uko bigaragara ryavuye ku nshinga y’Igiheburayo “gath.” Bamwe bavuga ko yari injyana y’indirimbo bacurangaga bari kwenga divayi, kubera  ko ijambo “gath” rifitanye isano n’urwengero rwa divayi.—Zb 81:Amagambo abanza.

• Gucumura; Ibicumuro.

  Ni ukurenga ku itegeko ryatanzwe kandi muri Bibiliya iryo jambo risobanura kimwe n’“icyaha.”—Zb 51:3; Rm 5:14.

• Guhumba.

  Ni ugushaka imyaka abasaruzi basize mu murima, bakaba barayisize babishaka cyangwa batabishaka. Amategeko ya Mose yasabaga abantu kudasarura imyaka yeze ku nkengero z’imirima yabo ngo bayimare, cyangwa ngo basarure imbuto zose zo ku giti cy’umwelayo n’icy’umuzabibu. Imana yari yarahaye abakene, abababaye, abanyamahanga, imfubyi n’abapfakazi uburenganzira bwo guhumba ibyasigaraga mu mirima.—Rusi 2:7.

• Guhura; Imbuga bahuriraho imyaka.

  Ni uburyo bukoreshwa bwo gutandukanya impeke n’ibishishwa; imbuga bahuriraho ni ahantu ibyo bibera. Iyo bahura bakoresha ikibando, cyangwa bahura imyaka myinshi cyane, bagakoresha igikoresho cyihariye, urugero nk’igikoresho gifite amenyo cyangwa gifite ishusho y’uruziga gikuruwe n’amatungo. Icyo gikoresho cyagendaga cyikaraga ku mpeke ziri ku mbuga, ni ukuvuga ahantu hashashe hafite ishusho y’uruziga, akenshi habaga ari hejuru ku buryo hagera umuyaga.—Lew 26:5; Yes 41:15; Mat 3:12.

• Gukebwa.

  Ni ugukata agahu ko ku mutwe w’igitsina cy’umugabo. Iryo tegeko ryari ryarahawe Aburahamu n’abamukomokaho ariko Abakristo ntibasabwa kurikurikiza. Nanone iryo jambo rijya rikoreshwa ahantu hatandukanye muri Bibiliya ari imvugo y’ikigereranyo.—Int 17:10; 1Kor 7:19; Flp 3:3.

• Gukiranuka.

  Muri Bibiliya, iryo jambo rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku kintu gikwiriye, ukurikije ibyo Imana ishingiraho igena ibyiza n’ibibi.—Int 15:6; Gut 6:25; Img 11:4; Zef 2:3; Mat 6:33.

• Gusambana.

  Ni imibonano mpuzabitsina umugabo cyangwa umugore washatse akorana n’undi muntu utari uwo bashakanye.—Kuva 20:14; Mat 5:27; 19:9.

• Gushakana n’umugore w’uwo muvukana.

  Ni umugenzo waje kwinjizwa mu Mategeko ya Mose, aho umugabo yashoboraga gushakana n’umugore w’uwo bavukana wapfuye adasize abana, kugira ngo agire abamukomokaho. Nanone uwo mugenzo witwaga gucikura.—Int 38:8; Gut 25:5.

• Gusuka (amavuta ku).

  Ni ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rikoreshwa mbere na mbere risobanura “gusuka ikintu gisukika (ku).” Basukaga amavuta ku muntu cyangwa ikintu kugira ngo bagaragaze ko bizakoreshwa umurimo wihariye. Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo nanone iryo jambo rishobora kwerekeza ku gikorwa cyo gusuka umwuka wera ku batoranyirijwe kuzajya kuba mu ijuru.—Kuva 28:41; 1Sm 16:13; 2Kor 1:21.

H

• Hadesi.

  Ni ijambo ry’Ikigiriki risobanura kimwe n’ijambo “Shewoli” ryo mu rurimi rw’Igiheburayo. Rihindurwa ngo: “Imva” (ritangijwe inyuguti nkuru), kugira ngo ritandukane n’aho bashyira umuntu wapfuye.—Reba ijambo IMVA.

• Harimagedoni.

  Riva ku ijambo ry’Igiheburayo Har Meghid·dohnʹ, risobanura “Umusozi wa Megido.” Iryo jambo ni ryo rikoreshwa iyo bavuga ‘intambara yo ku munsi ukomeye w’Imana Ishoborabyose.’ Muri iyo ntambara “abami bo mu isi yose ituwe” bazahurira hamwe kugira ngo barwane na Yehova (Ibh 16:14, 16; 19:11-21).—Reba amagambo UMUBABARO UKOMEYE.

• Herode.

  Ni izina ry’umuryango w’abategetsi babaga barashyizweho n’Abaroma ngo bayobore Abayahudi. Herode Mukuru ni we wongeye kubaka urusengero rwa Yerusalemu. Nanone ni we washatse kwica Yesu, bigatuma ategeka ko abana benshi bicwa (Mat 2:16; Luka 1:5). Herode Arikelayo na Herode Antipa, bakaba bari abahungu ba Herode Mukuru, ni bo bashyizweho ngo bategeke uduce tumwe na tumwe papa wabo yategekaga (Mat 2:22). Nubwo Antipa yategekaga intara imwe, abaturage bamwitaga “umwami.” Mu myaka itatu n’igice Yesu yamaze akora umurimo hano ku isi, Antipa ni we wategekaga kandi yagejeje igihe ibivugwa mu Byakozwe igice cya 12 byabereye (Mar 6:14-17; Luka 3:1, 19, 20; 13:31, 32; 23:6-15; Ibk 4:27; 13:1). Nyuma yaho, igihe Herode Agiripa wa mbere wari umwuzukuru wa Herode Mukuru, yari amaze igihe gito ategeka, umumarayika w’Imana yaramwishe (Ibk 12:1-6, 18-23). Umuhungu we, Herode Agiripa wa kabiri, ni we wamusimbuye ku butegetsi ageza igihe Abayahudi bigomekaga ku Baroma.—Ibk 23:35; 25:13, 22-27; 26:1, 2, 19-32.

• Herume.

  Ni imana y’Abagiriki, ikaba yari umuhungu w’imana Zewu. Igihe Pawulo yari i Lusitira, abantu bamwibeshyeho bavuga ko ari Herume. Batekerezaga ko ari we izindi mana zatumye, akaba n’imana y’abantu bafite ubuhanga bwo gutanga ibiganiro mbwirwaruhame.—Ibk 14:12.

• Higayoni.

  Ni ijambo ryakoreshwaga hatangwa amabwiriza ajyanye n’umuziki. Iryo jambo ryakoreshejwe muri Zaburi ya 9:16. Rishobora kuba risobanura injyana yo kuruhuka icuranzwe n’inanga iregeye mu ijwi ryo hasi, cyangwa bikaba byerekeza ku mwanya wo kuruhuka no gutekereza.

•  Hini.

  Ni urugero rw’ibisukika n’ikintu cyashoboraga kujyamo ibintu bingana na “hini.” Urwo rugero rungana na litiro 3,67. (Kuva 29:40)—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Hisopu.

  Ni ikimera gifite amababi n’amashami byoroshye. Abantu bagikoreshaga baminjagira amazi cyangwa amaraso, iyo babaga bari mu mihango yo kweza abantu cyangwa ibintu. Birashoboka ko icyo kimera ari cyo cyitwa Oregano. Nk’uko bigaragara muri Yohana 19:29, birashoboka ko udushami twa Oregano ari two twari tuziritse ku ruti rw’ubwoko bw’ishaka ryari rimenyerewe, kubera ko icyo kimera ari cyo cyagiraga uruti rurerure bashoboraga gushyiraho eponje bari binitse muri divayi isharira ngo bayihe Yesu.—Kuva 12:22; Zab 51:7.

• Homeri.

  Ni urugero rw’ibintu bidasukika rungana na “koru.” Hashingiwe ku buryo “bati” yanganaga, homeri ingana n’ikintu cyajyagamo litiro 220 (Lew 27:16).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Horebu; Umusozi wa Horebu.

  Ni akarere k’imisozi miremire kari gakikije Umusozi wa Sinayi. Ni n’irindi zina ry’Umusozi wa Sinayi (Kuva 3:1; Gut 5:2).—Reba Umugereka wa B3.

I

• Ibanga ryera.

  Ni ikintu kigize umugambi w’Imana gikomeza kugirwa ibanga kugeza igihe cyagenwe, ikagihishurira gusa abantu yahisemo.—Mar 4:11; Kol 1:26.

• Ibaraza rya Salomo.

  Ni inzira itwikiriye yari mu burasirazuba bw’urugo rw’inyuma mu rusengero rwo mu gihe cya Yesu. Abantu benshi batekerezaga ko ari igice cyasigaye cy’urusengero Salomo yubatse. Aho ni ho Yesu yagendagendaga “mu mezi y’imbeho” kandi ni ho Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bahuriraga ngo basenge (Yoh 10:22, 23; Ibk 5:12).—Reba Umugereka wa B11.

• Ibibembe; Umubembe.

  Ni indwara ikomeye y’uruhu. Ibibembe bivugwa muri Bibiliya, ntibigarukira gusa ku ndwara izwi muri iki gihe, kuko icyo gihe yashoboraga gufata abantu, imyenda n’amazu. Umuntu urwaye indwara y’ibibembe yitwaga umubembe.—Lew 14:54, 55; Luka 5:12.

• Ibikoresho byo kurahuza amakara.

  Ni ibikoresho byabaga bikoze muri zahabu, mu ifeza no mu muringa byakoreshwaga mu ihema no mu rusengero. Babikoreshaga batwika umubavu, bavana amakara ku gicaniro n’igihe babaga bavana urutambi ku matara yabaga ari ku bitereko byayo bikoze muri zahabu. Nanone babyitaga ‘ibikoresho byo gutwikiraho umubavu.’—Kuva 37:23; 2Ng 26:19; Heb 9:4.

• Ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro.

  Ni ibikoresho byakoreshwaga mu ihema no mu rusengero, byari bikozwe mu ifeza n’umuringa. Bishobora kuba byari bimeze nk’imikasi bakoreshaga bakata urutambi rw’itara kugira ngo rizime.—2Bm 25:14.

• Ibitangaza; Imirimo ikomeye.

  Ni ibikorwa cyangwa ibintu birenze imbaraga z’umuntu uwo ari we wese; ni imbaraga ndengakamere. Bibiliya ikoresha amagambo atandukanye ariko asobanura kimwe ivuga ku bitangaza, urugero nk’“ibimenyetso.”—Kuva 4:21; Ibk 4:22; Heb 2:4.

• Ibuye rikomeza inguni.

  Ni ibuye ryashyirwaga mu nguni y’inzu aho inkuta zihurira, ryabaga rifite akamaro kuko ryafatanyaga izo nkuta zombi kugira ngo zikomere. Ibuye ry’ingenzi rikomeza inguni ni iryubakwaga muri fondasiyo y’inzu. Iyo babaga bubaka amazu ahuriramo abantu benshi n’inkuta z’umujyi akenshi batoranyaga irikomeye kurusha ayandi. Iri jambo rikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo bashaka kwerekeza k’ukuntu isi yaremwe. Nanone Yesu yitwa “ibuye ry’ingenzi rikomeza inguni” y’itorero rya gikristo rigereranywa n’inzu.—Efe 2:20; Yobu 38:6.

• Ibyanditswe.

  Ni inyandiko zera zo mu Ijambo ry’Imana. Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo ni ho honyine iryo jambo rikoreshwa.—Luka 24:27; 2Tm 3:16.

• Ibyasahuwe.

  Ni umutungo cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu rugo, amatungo cyangwa ibindi bintu by’agaciro byakwaga abanzi batsinzwe maze ababatsinze bakabisahura.—Yos 7:21; 22:8; Heb 7:4.

• Ibyeze mbere y’ibindi (umuganura).

  Ni imbuto zisarurwa mbere y’izindi cyangwa ibyeze bwa mbere ku kintu icyo ari cyo cyose. Yehova yari yarasabye Abisirayeli kumutura ibintu bya mbere, ni ukuvuga umuntu, itungo cyangwa ibyeze mu murima. Abisirayeli bahaga Yehova ibyeze mbere y’ibindi ku Munsi Mukuru w’Imigati Itarimo Umusemburo no kuri Pentekote. Nanone ayo magambo yakoreshejwe mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo ashaka kuvuga Kristo na bagenzi be basutsweho umwuka.—1Kor 15:23; Kub 15:21; Img 3:9; Ibh 14:4.

• Icupa rijyamo amavuta (Alabaster).

  Uko ni ko bitaga amacupa mato yabikwagamo parufe, yakorwaga mu mabuye yacukurwaga hafi y’umujyi wa Alabastron, muri Egiputa. Ayo macupa akenshi yabaga afite umunwa muto cyane, bikaba byaratumaga bashobora kuyafunga neza kugira ngo iyo parufe ihenze cyane itameneka. Ayo mabuye na yo yaje kwitwa atyo.—Mar 14:3.

•  Icya cumi.

  Ni kimwe cya cumi cyangwa icumi ku ijana by’ikintu cyatangwaga cyangwa kikishyurwa nk’umusoro cyane cyane mu bintu bijyanye no gusenga (Mal 3:10; Gut 26:12; Mat 23:23). Amategeko ya Mose yasabaga Abisirayeli ko buri mwaka bafata kimwe cya cumi cy’ibyo bejeje mu mirima n’icy’amatungo yiyongereye ku yo babaga basanganywe bakabiha Abalewi kugira ngo babashyigikire. Abalewi na bo bafataga kimwe cya cumi cy’ibyo bahawe bakagiha abatambyi bo mu muryango wa Aroni kugira ngo babashyigikire. Hari n’ibindi bya cumi byatangwaga ariko Abakristo bo ntibabisabwa.

• Icyarameyi.

  Ni rumwe mu ndimi zavugwaga n’abantu bo mu gace ko mu burasirazuba bw’Inyanja ya Mediterane. Icyarameyi cyenda gusa n’Igiheburayo kandi byombi bikoresha inyuguti zimwe. Ururimi rw’Icyarameyi rwavugwaga gusa n’Abarameyi, ariko nyuma yaho rwaje guhinduka ururimi mpuzamahanga rwakoreshwaga n’abacuruzi, kandi Abashuri n’Abanyababuloni ni rwo bakoreshaga bashyikirana. Nanone ni rwo rurimi rwakoreshwaga mu butegetsi mu gihe cy’ubwami bw’Abaperesi (Ezr 4:7). Ibice bimwe by’igitabo cya Ezira, Yeremiya na Daniyeli, byanditswe mu Cyarameyi.—Ezr 4:8–6:18; 7:12-26; Yer 10:11; Dan 2:4b–7:28.

• Icyorezo.

  Ni indwara iyo ari yo yose yandura kandi ikwirakwira vuba. Icyorezo gishobora kwica abantu benshi. Ibyorezo byinshi bivugwa muri Bibiliya, akenshi biba bitewe n’ibihano biturutse ku Mana.—Kub 14:12; Ezk 38:22, 23; Amo 4:10.

• Idarakama.

  Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, iri jambo riba rishaka kuvuga igiceri cy’ifeza cy’Abagiriki, icyo gihe cyapimaga garama 3,4. Mu Byanditswe by’Igiheburayo, havugwamo idarakama ya zahabu yo mu gihe cy’Abaperesi yanganaga n’idariki (Neh 7:70; Mat 17:24).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Idariki.

  Ni igiceri cy’Abaperesi gikozwe muri zahabu cyapimaga garama 8,4 (1Ng 29:7).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Idenariyo.

  Ni igiceri cy’Abaroma cyari gikozwe mu ifeza cyapimaga garama zigera kuri 3,85, ku ruhande rumwe kiriho ishusho ya Kayisari. Icyo giceri ni na cyo bahembaga umukozi wakoze umunsi wose, kikaba n’“umusoro w’umubiri” Abaroma bakaga Abayahudi (Mat 22:17; Luka 20:24).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Ifunguro ry’Umwami rya Nimugoroba.

  Ni ifunguro nyaryo rigizwe n’umugati utarimo umusemburo na divayi bigereranya umubiri n’amaraso bya Kristo; ni urwibutso rw’urupfu rwa Yesu. Kubera ko Ibyanditswe bisaba Abakristo kwizihiza uwo muhango, ni yo mpamvu uwo muhango witwa “Urwibutso.”—1Kor 11:20, 23-26.

• Igare.

  Ni ikintu cyabaga gifite amapine abiri cyakururwaga n’amafarashi kikaba cyarakoreshwaga cyane cyane mu ntambara.—Kuva 14:23; Abc 4:13; Ibk 8:28.

• Igicaniro.

  Ni ikintu bubakaga mu itaka, mu mabuye, mu ibuye rimwe rinini cyangwa gikozwe mu biti bisizeho ubutare, maze bagatambiraho ibitambo cyangwa bagatwikiraho umubavu mu gihe basenga. Mu cyumba cya mbere cy’ihema ryo guhuriramo n’Imana, hari hari ‘igicaniro gito cya zahabu’ batwikiragaho imibavu. Cyari kibajwe mu mbaho z’igiti kandi gisize zahabu. ‘Igicaniro kinini cy’umuringa’ cyatambirwagaho ibitambo bitwikwa n’umuriro cyabaga kiri hanze mu mbuga (Kuva 27:1; 39:38, 39; Int 8:20; 1Bm 6:20; 2Ng 4:1; Luka 1:11).—Reba Umugereka wa B5 n’uwa B8.

• Igihamya.

  Ijambo “Igihamya” muri rusange ryerekeza ku Mategeko Icumi yari yanditse ku bisate bibiri by’amabuye byahawe Mose.—Kv 31:18.

• Igitambaro cyo kuzingira ku mutwe.

  Ni umwenda bazingiraga ku mutwe, ugatwikira umutwe. Umutambyi mukuru yambaraga icyo gitambaro kiboshye mu budodo bwiza, kiriho igisate gikoze muri zahabu gifatishijwe umushumi w’ubururu. Umwami yambaraga icyo gitambaro munsi y’ikamba. Yobu yakoresheje iryo jambo mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo, igihe yagereranyaga ubutabera bwe n’igitambaro bazingira ku mutwe.—Kuva 28:36, 37; Yobu 29:14; Ezk 21:26.

• Igitambaro cyo kwambara mu gituza.

  Ni akantu kameze nk’agafuka kadodeyeho amabuye y’agaciro. Umutambyi mukuru wo muri Isirayeli yakambaraga igihe cyose yabaga agiye kwinjira Ahera. Nanone kitwaga “igitambaro cyo guca imanza cyo kwambara mu gituza” kuko cyabaga kiriho Urimu na Tumimu, byafashaga Abisirayeli kumenya imanza za Yehova (Kuva 28:15-30).—Reba Umugereka wa B5.

• Igitambo.

  Ni ituro ryahabwaga Imana kugira ngo umuntu ayishimire, agaragaze ko yemera ko yakosheje kandi yongere kubana neza na yo. Uhereye kuri Abeli abantu bagiye batanga ibitambo bitandukanye ku bushake, harimo n’iby’amatungo, kugeza igihe Amategeko ya Mose yabigiriye itegeko. Nyuma y’igitambo gitunganye Yesu yatanze, ibitambo by’amatungo ntibyongeye gutangwa, ariko Abakristo bakomeje guha Imana ibitambo byo mu buryo bw’umwuka.—Int 4:4; Heb 13:15, 16; 1Yh 4:10.

•  Igitambo cyo guhigura umuhigo.

  Ni ituro umuntu yatangaga ku bushake, rikajyanirana no guhiga imihigo runaka.—Lew 23:38; 1Sm 1:21.

• Igitambo cyo gukuraho icyaha.

  Ni igitambo cyatangwaga kugira ngo umuntu ababarirwe ibyaha bye ku giti cye. Cyari gitandukanye gato n’ibindi bitambo bitambirwa ibyaha. Iyo umunyabyaha wihana yatambaga icyo gitambo, yabaga yemera icyaha cye cyangwa yemera ko yatumye undi muntu atabona ibyo yemererwa n’isezerano ry’amategeko. Nanone yasabaga kongera kubona uburenganzira yatakaje, cyangwa agasaba gukurirwaho igihano.—Lew 7:37; 19:22; Yes 53:10.

• Igitambo cyo gushimira.

  Ni igitambo gisangirwa umuntu yatangaga kugira ngo asingize Imana bitewe n’ibyo yamuhaye cyangwa urukundo rwayo rudahemuka. Icyo gihe baryaga inyama z’icyo gitambo n’umugati urimo umusemburo n’utarimo umusemburo. Izo nyama bagombaga kuzirya bakazimara ntihagire izirara.—2Ng 29:31.

• Igitambo cyo kubabarirwa ibyaha.

  Ni igitambo umuntu yatangaga kuko yakoze icyaha atabishaka, bitewe n’intege nke z’umubiri we udatunganye. Hatangwaga ibitambo binyuranye, kuva ku kimasa ukagera ku cyana cy’inuma, bitewe n’inshingano uwakoze icyaha afite cyangwa imimerere arimo.—Lew 4:27, 29; Heb 10:8.

• Igitambo gisangirwa.

  Ni igitambo umuntu yahaga Yehova kugira ngo babane amahoro. Uwabaga yakizanye, abagize umuryango we, umutambyi wabaga yakoze mu rusengero n’abandi batambyi bose babaga baje mu mirimo baragisangira. Mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo iyo batwikaga ibinure byacyo Yehova yishimiraga umwotsi wabyo. Amaraso yacyo yagereranyaga ubuzima, na yo barayamuhaga. Ni nk’aho abatambyi n’ababaga baje mu rusengero bicaraga hamwe na Yehova bagasangira, bikagaragaza ko babanye neza na we.—Lew 7:29, 32; Gut 27:7.

• Igitambo gitwikwa n’umuriro.

  Ni itungo batwikiraga ku gicaniro maze ryose rigashya rikaba ituro rihawe Imana. Umuntu wabaga atanze icyo gitambo (cyaba ikimasa, intama, isekurume y’ihene, intungura cyangwa icyana cy’inuma) nta gice cyacyo yasigaranaga.—Kuva 29:18; Lew 6:9.

• Igiti.

  Ni igiti gihagaze bamanikagaho umuntu ugiye kwicwa. Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, icyo giti bacyiciragaho umuntu ku mugaragaro kugira ngo bamukoze isoni cyangwa bibere abandi isomo. Intambara z’Abashuri zarangwaga n’ubugome ndengakamere. Bafataga imfungwa maze bakazishinga kuri ibyo biti bisongoye, ku buryo byazihinguranyaga, bikanyura mu nda bikazamukira mu gatuza. Icyakora mu mategeko y’Abayahudi, ababaga bahamijwe ibyaha bikomeye cyane, urugero nko gutuka Imana cyangwa gusenga ibigirwamana, bo babanzaga kwicwa batewe amabuye cyangwa bakabica mu bundi buryo maze imirambo yabo bakayimanika ku biti kugira ngo bibere abandi isomo (Gut 21:22, 23; 2Sm 21:6, 9). Abaroma bo bazirikaga ku biti ababaga bakoze ibyaha, maze bakahamara iminsi myinshi, ku buryo bicwaga n’ububabare bwinshi, inyota, inzara cyangwa izuba. Ubundi buryo bwakoreshwaga, ni nk’ubwakoreshejwe kuri Yesu. Igihe bamumanikaga ku giti, bamuteye imisumari mu biganza no mu birenge. (Luka 24:20; Yoh 19:14-16; 20:25; Ibk 2:23, 36)—Reba amagambo IGITI CY’UMUBABARO.

• Igiti cy’ubumenyi bwo gutandukanya icyiza n’ikibi.

  Ni igiti cyabaga mu busitani bwa Edeni. Imana yagishyizemo kugira ngo kigaragaze uburenganzira ifite bwo gushyiriraho abantu amahame agenga “icyiza” n’“ikibi.”—Int 2:9, 17.

• Igiti cy’ubuzima.

  Ni igiti cyari mu busitani bwa Edeni. Bibiliya ntivuga ko imbuto zacyo zari zifite ubushobozi bwo gutanga ubuzima. Ahubwo cyagaragazaga ko Yehova azaha ubuzima bw’iteka abo azemerera kurya imbuto zacyo.—Int 2:9; 3:22.

• Igiti cy’umubabaro.

  Ijambo ryʼIkigiriki ryahinduwemo “igiti cy’umubabaro” ni stau·rosʹ. Bisobanura inkingi cyangwa igiti gihagaze kimeze nk’icyo Yesu yiciweho. Nta kigaragaza ko iryo jambo ry’Ikigiriki ryerekezaga ku musaraba, urugero nk’uwakoreshwaga mu binyejana byinshi mbere ya Kristo, ukaba wari ikimenyetso cy’idini ry’abapagani. Iyo mvugo “Igiti cy’umubabaro” yumvikanisha neza ibisobanuro by’ijambo stau·rosʹ, cyane ko iryo jambo nanone rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku bintu bibabaje abigishwa ba Yesu bari guhura na byo, harimo kubabazwa urubozo, imibabaro no gukozwa isoni. (Mat 16:24; Heb 12:2)—Reba ijambo IGITI.

• Igiti gisharira cyane.

  Ni ubwoko bw’ikimera gisharira cyane kandi gihumura. Muri Bibiliya, igiti gisharira gikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo gisobanura ingaruka mbi ziterwa n’ubwiyandarike, ubucakara, akarengane n’ubuhakanyi. Mu Byahishuwe 8:11, iryo jambo risobanura gusharira n’uburozi, nanone ryitwa apusinto.—Gut 29:18; Img 5:4; Yer 9:15; Amo 5:7.

• Ihema.

  Ni ihema ryimukanwa Abisirayeli basengeragamo nyuma yo kuva muri Egiputa. Ryabagamo isanduku y’isezerano ya Yehova,  yagaragazaga ko Imana ihari kandi ni ho hatangirwaga ibitambo bakanahasengera. Rimwe na rimwe ryitwa “ihema ryo guhuriramo n’Imana.” Ni ihema ryari ryubakishijwe ibiti, rifumyeho ibishushanyo by’abakerubi. Ryari rifite ibyumba bibiri, icya mbere cyitwa Ahera, icya kabiri cyitwa Ahera Cyane (Yos 18:1; Kuva 25:9).—Reba Umugereka wa B5.

• Ihema ryo guhuriramo n’Imana.

  Ayo magambo yerekeza ku ihema rya Mose n’ihema Yehova yasabye Abisirayeli kubaka igihe bari mu butayu.—Kv 33:7; 39:32.

• Ihembe.

  Iri jambo ryerekeza ku ihembe ry’inyamaswa, bashyiragamo ibyokunywa, amavuta, wino cyangwa ibintu byo kwisiga kandi rigakoreshwa nk’igikoresho cy’umuziki cyangwa bakarivuza bashaka gutanga ubutumwa (1Sm 16:1, 13; 1Bm 1:39; Ezk 9:2). Ijambo “ihembe” rikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo rishaka kumvikanisha imbaraga, kwigarurira ahantu runaka cyangwa gutsinda.—Gut 33:17; Mika 4:13; Zek 1:19.

• Ikibaya.

  Ikibaya kivugwa aha cyangwa ahantu umugezi unyura, ubusanzwe ni ahantu haba humutse ariko hakaza amazi mu gihe cy’imvura. Iri jambo rishobora no gusobanura umugezi ubwawo. Imigezi imwe n’imwe yuzuzwaga n’amasoko y’amazi kandi ayo mazi akahamara igihe kirekire. Mu mirongo imwe n’imwe, hakoreshwa ijambo “umugezi.”—Int 26:19; Kub 34:5; Gut 8:7; 1Bm 18:5; Yobu 6:15.

• Ikiboko.

  Iyo iryo jambo rikoreshejwe mu Byanditswe by’Igiheburayo, rikunze kuba ryerekeza ku byago, indwara cyangwa izindi ngorane zitejwe na Yehova ari igihano. Iyo rikoreshejwe mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, riba risobanura gukubita umuntu inkoni cyangwa ibiboko byabaga bifite amapfundo cyangwa utuntu ku musozo dushobora gukomeretsa.—Kub 16:49; Yoh 19:1.

• Ikigiriki; Umugiriki.

  Ni ururimi rw’abantu bo mu Bugiriki; nanone ni umuntu wavukiye mu Bugiriki cyangwa uwo mu muryango uhakomoka. Mu Byanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo, nanone iryo jambo rigira ibisobanuro byinshi. Rishobora gusobanura abantu bose batari Abayahudi cyangwa abantu bagize aho bahurira n’ururimi rw’Ikigiriki ndetse n’umuco w’Abagiriki.—Yow 3:6; Yoh 12:20.

• Ikigirwamana; Gusenga ibigirwamana.

  Ikigirwamana ni igishushanyo, ishusho y’ikintu, cyangwa ikindi kintu icyo ari cyo cyose, cyaba kiriho cyangwa kiri mu bitekerezo, abantu bakoresha basenga. Gusenga ibigirwamana ni ukubyubaha, kubikunda cyangwa kubiramya.—Zab 115:4; Ibk 17:16; 1Kor 10:14.

• Ikimenyetso.

  Ni ikintu, igikorwa, imimerere cyangwa ikintu kidasanzwe gisobanura ibiri kuba cyangwa ibizaba mu gihe kiri imbere.—Int 9:12, 13; 2Bm 20:9; Mat 24:3; Ibh 1:1.

• Ikimenyetso cyera kigaragaza uweguriwe Imana.

  Ni igisate cya zahabu itavangiye kirabagirana kiriho amagambo yo mu rurimi rw’Igiheburayo avuga ngo: “Kwera ni ukwa Yehova.” Cyashyirwaga ku gitambaro umutambyi mukuru yambaraga mu gituza (Kuva 39:30).—Reba Umugereka wa B5.

• Ikuzimu.

  Rituruka ku ijambo ry’Ikigiriki aʹbys·sos, risobanura “ubujyakuzimu burebure cyane” cyangwa “ubujyakuzimu butagira iherezo.” Iryo jambo rikoreshwa mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki kandi riba ryerekeza ku mimerere yo gufungwa cyangwa ahantu ho gufungirwa. Nanone rishobora gusobanura imva ariko hari n’ibindi byinshi ryerekezaho.—Luka 8:31; Rom 10:7; Ibh 20:3.

• Iluriko.

  Ni intara y’Abaroma yari mu majyaruguru y’u Bugiriki. Igihe Pawulo yakoraga umurimo wo kubwiriza, yageze muri ako karere, ariko Bibiliya ntigaragaza niba yarahabwirije cyangwa akabwiriza mu nkengero zaho (Rom 15:19).—Reba Umugereka wa B13.

• Imana y’ukuri.

  Ayo magambo yahinduwe avuye ku ijambo ry’Igiheburayo risobanura “Imana.” Inshuro nyinshi hari aho bakoresha ayo magambo kugira ngo bagaragaze ko Yehova ari we Mana y’ukuri kandi ko atandukanye n’ibigirwamana. Dukoresha ayo magambo ngo: “Imana y’ukuri” dushaka kugaragaza neza ibisobanuro byuzuye by’ijambo ry’Igiheburayo bitewe n’aho riri.—Int 5:22, 24; 46:3; Gut 4:39.

• Imbago.

  Ni ibintu bafungiragamo umuntu kugira ngo bamuhane. Bimwe muri byo, babifungiragamo ibirenge gusa, naho ibindi bagafungiramo umubiri wose, ku buryo umuntu yabaga ahetamye, wenda bitewe n’uko bafungiyemo ibirenge, ibiganza n’ijosi.—Yer 20:2; Ibk 16:24.

• Imfura.

  Mbere na mbere iryo jambo ryerekeza ku mwana wavutse mbere ku mugabo (aho kuba umwana wavutse bwa mbere ku mugore). Mu bihe bya Bibiliya, umwana w’imfura yabaga afite umwanya wiyubashye mu muryango kandi ni we wabaga agomba kuyobora umuryango igihe papa we yabaga apfuye. Nanone iryo jambo ryerekeza ku itungo ry’ikigabo ryabaga ryavutse mbere.—Kuva 11:5; 13:12; Int 25:33; Kol 1:15.

• Imigati igenewe Imana.

  Yabaga ari imigati 12 yagerekeranywaga ari itandatu itandatu ku meza yo mu cyumba cy’ahera cy’urusengero. Nanone yitwaga “imigati yo kugerekeranya” n’“imigati yo kumurikwa.” Kuri buri Sabato  hashyirwagaho imigati mishya, igasimbura iyari iriho. Ubusanzwe imigati yakurwagaho, yaribwaga n’abatambyi gusa (2Ng 2:4; Mat 12:4; Kuva 25:30; Lew 24:5-9; Heb 9:2).—Reba Umugereka wa B5.

• Imijyi yo guhungiramo.

  Ni imijyi y’Abalewi umuntu wicaga undi atabishaka yahungiragamo kugira ngo uhorera uwapfuye atamwica. Yehova yasabye Mose gushyiraho imijyi itandatu mu gihugu cy’Isezerano, aza no kubisaba Yosuwa. Iyo uwabaga yishe umuntu yahageraga yabwiriraga ku marembo abakuru b’umujyi uko byagenze maze bakamwakira neza. Kugira ngo abantu bicaga abantu babishaka badahungira muri iyo mijyi, umuntu wese wayihungiragamo yasubizwaga mu mujyi yabaga yiciyemo umuntu agacirwa urubanza kugira ngo agaragaze ko ari umwere. Iyo basangaga koko ari umwere yasubizwaga muri uwo mujyi w’ubuhungiro akawugumamo kugeza apfuye cyangwa umutambyi mukuru apfuye.—Kub 35:6, 11-15, 22-29; Yos 20:2-8.

• Iminsi y’imperuka.

  Ayo magambo kimwe n’andi ameze nka yo, urugero nk’‘iminsi ya nyuma,’ akoreshwa muri Bibiliya yerekeza ku buhanuzi buvuga igihe ibintu byahanuwe bizaba bigeze ku iherezo (Ezk 38:16; Dan 10:14; Ibk 2:17). Bitewe n’uko ubuhanuzi buteye, icyo gihe gishobora kumara imyaka mike cyangwa myinshi. Ayo magambo akoreshwa kenshi muri Bibiliya yerekeza ku ‘mperuka’ y’iyi si mbi, ni ukuvuga igihe Yesu yagombaga kuba ahari ariko atagaragara (2Tm 3:1; Yak 5:3; 2Pt 3:3). Ni igihe kizagenda kikageza ku iherezo ry’iyi si itegekwa na Satani. Yatangiriye igihe kimwe no kuhaba kwa Kristo. Yesu azategeka Abamarayika baze “batandukanye abantu babi n’abakiranutsi” maze barimbure ababi (Mat 13:40-42, 49). Abigishwa ba Yesu bifuzaga kumenya igihe “iminsi y’imperuka” izabera (Mat 24:3). Mbere y’uko asubira mu ijuru yasezeranyije abigishwa be ko azakomeza kubana na bo kugeza ku mperuka.—Mat 28:20.

• Impanda.

  Ni igikoresho cyabaga gikozwe mu cyuma bahuhagamo kigatanga ijwi. Bagikoreshaga bashaka kugira ibyo bamenyesha abantu cyangwa bakagikoresha mu gihe baririmba. Nk’uko bigaragara mu Kubara 10:2 Yehova yatanze amabwiriza y’uko bari gucura impanda ebyiri mu ifeza kugira ngo bajye bazikoresha bahamagara Abisirayeli ngo bakoranire hamwe, bamenyesha Abisirayeli ko bagiye kwimuka cyangwa ko habaye intambara. Uko bigaragara izo mpanda bacuze zari zigororotse. Ntizari zimeze nk’izikozwe mu “mahembe” kuko zo zabaga zihese. Nanone hari n’izindi mpanda zakorwaga hadakurikijwe amabwiriza yihariye, zabaga ziri mu bikoresho by’umuziki byo mu rusengero. Akenshi Bibiliya ikoresha ijwi ry’impanda mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo mu gihe hari gutangazwa urubanza Yehova yaciye, cyangwa mu gihe hari ibindi bikorwa byihariye biri kuba biturutse ku Mana.—2Ng 29:26; Ezr 3:10; 1Kor 15:52; Ibh 8:7–11:15.

• Impeta iriho ikimenyetso.

  Ni impeta bambaraga ku rutoki cyangwa yabaga iri ku mushumi, ushobora kuba warambarwaga mu ijosi. Yabaga ari ikimenyetso cy’ubwami cyangwa cy’ubuyobozi (Int 41:42).—Reba ijambo KASHE.

• Imva.

  Iyo iryo jambo ritangijwe inyuguti nto, riba risobanura ahantu hashyinguwe umuntu. Naho iyo ritangijwe inyuguti nkuru, riba ryerekeza ku mva rusange y’abantu, ari na ryo rihura n’Igiheburayo “Shewoli” n’Ikigiriki “Hadesi.” Muri Bibiliya, ni ahantu h’ikigereranyo hataba igikorwa na kimwe, aho abantu baba badafite ubwimenye.—Int 47:30; Umb 9:10; Ibk 2:31.

• Imva zirimo abantu Imana yibuka.

  Ni ahantu hashyinguwe umuntu wapfuye. Ayo magambo ahindurwa akuwe ku ijambo ry’Ikigiriki (mne·meiʹon) rikomoka ku nshinga isobanura “kwibuka;” ryumvikanisha ko umuntu wari warapfuye aba acyibukwa.—Yoh 5:28, 29.

• Imyenda y’akababaro; Ibigunira.

  Ni ibintu bakoragamo imifuka, urugero nk’iyo kubikamo ibinyampeke. Ubusanzwe byabohwaga mu bwoya bw’ihene bufite ibara ryijimye kandi mu gihe cya Bibiliya, byambarwaga nk’umwenda wo kugaragaza akababaro.—Int 37:34; Luka 10:13.

• Imyifatire iteye isoni.

  Ayo magambo ava ku ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ari ryo a·selʹgei·a. Yumvikanisha ibikorwa bikomeye byo kwica amategeko y’Imana umuntu akora bikagaragaza ko nta cyo yitaho kandi ko ari umwibone. Uwo muntu aba nta we yubaha kandi aba asuzugura abayobozi, amategeko n’amabwiriza. Ayo magambo ntiyerekeza ku myifatire mibi ariko yoroheje.—Gal 5:19; 2Pet 2:7.

• Incungu.

  Ni ikiguzi cyatangwaga kugira ngo imfungwa irekurwe, umuntu areke guhanwa, kubabazwa, ababarirwe icyaha cyangwa akurirweho ibyo yari ategetswe. Icyo kiguzi si ko buri gihe cyabaga ari amafaranga (Yes 43:3). Hari impamvu zitandukanye zatumaga hatangwa incungu. Urugero, muri Isirayeli abana b’abahungu bose b’imfura n’itungo ryose ry’ikigabo byabaga bigamije gukoreshwa mu murimo wa Yehova kandi byagombaga gutangirwa incungu kugira ngo bidakoreshwa uwo murimo (Kub 3:45, 46; 18:15, 16). Iyo umuntu yabaga afite ikimasa cyica ntakirinde maze kikica umuntu, yagombaga gutanga incungu kugira ngo adahanishwa igihano cy’urupfu (Kv 21:29, 30).  Icyakora, iyo umuntu yicaga umuntu abishaka nta ncungu yatangwaga (Kub 35:31). Bibiliya ivuga ko incungu ikomeye kuruta izindi zose zatanzwe ari iyatanzwe na Kristo igihe yemeraga gupfa kugira ngo akize abantu bumvira icyaha n’urupfu.—Zab 49:7, 8; Mat 20:28; Efe 1:7.

• Indahiro.

  Ni amagambo umuntu avuga kugira ngo agaragaze ko ibyo avuga ari ukuri, cyangwa isezerano ridahinduka ry’uko umuntu azakora ikintu cyangwa ko atazagikora. Akenshi indahiro ni amagambo umuntu avuga abwira umurusha ubushobozi, cyane cyane ayabwira Imana. Yehova yararahiye, kugira ngo agaragaze ko ibyo yasezeranyije Aburahamu azabikora.—Int 14:22; Heb 6:16, 17.

• Indaya.

  Ni umuntu ugirana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’undi muntu utari uwo bashakanye, akenshi akabikora ashaka amafaranga. (Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryahinduwemo “indaya,” ni porʹne, rikaba riva ku nshinga “kugurisha.”) Iryo jambo rikunda gukoreshwa ryerekeza ku bagore. Icyakora Bibiliya ivuga ko habagaho n’indaya z’abagabo. Amategeko ya Mose ntiyemeraga ko umuntu aba indaya kandi amafaranga yagurwaga indaya ntiyazanwaga mu rusengero rwa Yehova ngo abe ituro. Ibyo bitandukanye cyane n’ibyo abapagani bakoraga kuko mu nsengero zabo, indaya zo mu rusengero ari zo zatumaga babona inyungu (Gut 23:17, 18; 1Bm 14:24). Nanone Bibiliya ikoresha iryo jambo mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo yerekeza ku bantu, ku bihugu cyangwa imiryango ikora ibikorwa byo gusenga ibigirwamana, nyamara ikavuga ko isenga Imana. Urugero: Mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe havuga ko amadini yose y’ikinyoma agereranywa n’indaya yitwa “Babuloni Ikomeye.” Yitwa indaya kubera ko yikundisha ku bategetsi kugira ngo agire imbaraga n’ubutunzi.—Ibh 17:1-5; 18:3; 1Ng 5:25.

• Indirimbo baririmbaga bazamuka.

  Ayo ni amagambo abanza yo muri zaburi ya 120 kugeza ku ya 134. Nubwo ibisobanuro by’ayo magambo abantu batabihurizaho, abenshi bavuga ko izo Zaburi uko ari 15, zaririmbwaga n’Abisirayeli, ubwo babaga “bazamuka” bishimye bagiye i Yerusalemu, yari iherereye ahantu hejuru mu misozi y’u Buyuda, kugira ngo bizihize iminsi mikuru itatu yabaga buri mwaka.

• Indirimbo y’agahinda.

  Ni amagambo y’indirimbo n’injyana bigaragaza akababaro kenshi, urugero nk’agahinda umuntu agaragaza iyo yapfushije umuntu we wa hafi cyangwa yapfushije incuti; ni amaganya.—2Sm 1:17; Zab 7:Amagambo abanza.

• Ineza ihebuje.

  Ni ijambo ry’Ikigiriki muri rusange ryumvikanisha ikintu cyiza kandi gishimishije. Akenshi iryo jambo rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku mpano ivuye ku mutima cyangwa uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga. Iyo iryo jambo rikoreshejwe ryerekeza ku neza ihebuje y’Imana, riba rishaka kuvuga impano Imana itanga ku buntu, nta kindi kintu yiteze ku wo iyigiriye. Ubwo rero, iryo jambo rigaragaza urukundo rwinshi Imana ikunda abantu n’ibyiza ibakorera. Mu Kigiriki, iryo jambo rikunze guhindurwamo “kugira ubuntu” n’“impano ivuye ku mutima.” Iyo mpano umuntu ayibona atayikoreye cyangwa atayikwiriye, ahubwo ayibona gusa bitewe n’ubuntu bw’uyimuhaye.—2Kor 6:1; Efe 1:7.

• Ingasire.

  Ni ibuye rifite ishusho y’uruziga bashyira hejuru y’irindi buye bimeze kimwe maze bakarikoresha basya ibinyampeke kugira ngo havemo ifu. Hari agace kabaga kari hagati ku ibuye ryo hasi kahuraga neza neza n’ibuye ryo hejuru. Mu bihe bya Bibiliya, mu ngo nyinshi urusyo rwakoreshwaga n’abagore. Kugira ngo ifu yo gukoramo umugati baryaga buri munsi iboneke bakoreshaga urusyo. Ni yo mpamvu Amategeko ya Mose yabuzaga umuntu gufatira urusyo n’ingasire bya mugenzi we kandi ari byo bituma abaho. Iyo habaga hari urusyo runini amatungo ni yo yarukaragaga.—Gut 24:6; Mar 9:42.

• Ingwate.

  Ni ikintu uha uwo ubereyemo umwenda kugira ngo yizere ko uzamwishyura. Mu Mategeko ya Mose harimo arebana n’ingwate kugira ngo abakene bo mu gihugu n’abatagira ubarengera batarenganywa.—Kuva 22:26; Ezk 18:7.

• Inkingi.

  Ni ikintu kiba gishinze cyangwa gihagaze gifashe inzu cyangwa cy’umutako. Hari inkingi zabaga zarashinzwe kugira ngo zijye zibutsa abantu ibyabaye mu mateka. Inkingi zifashe inzu zakoreshwaga mu rusengero no mu nyubako z’ibwami zubatswe na Salomo. Abapagani bashinze inkingi bakoreshaga basenga ibigirwamana byabo kandi hari igihe Abisirayeli na bo bakoraga ibintu nk’ibyo (Abc 16:29; 1Bm 7:21; 14:23).—Reba amagambo UMUTWE W’INKINGI.

• Inkingi y’ibuye (yo gusenga).

  Ni inkingi yabaga ishinze, akenshi yabaga ari ibuye rifite ishusho y’igitsina cy’umugabo, uko bigaragara ikaba yari ikimenyetso cya Bayali cyangwa ibindi bigirwamana.—Kuva 23:24.

• Inkingi y’igiti (yo gusenga).

  Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo (ʼashe·rahʹ) ryerekeza (1) ku nkingi y’igiti basengaga yari ikimenyetso cya Ashera, imanakazi y’Abanyakanani ngo yatumaga abantu babona urubyaro, cyangwa (2) igishushanyo cy’iyo manakazi Ashera. Uko bigaragara izo nkingi zabaga zishinze kandi  zifite nibura igice gikozwe mu biti. Zishobora kuba zari ibiti bitabajwe cyangwa zikaba zari n’ibiti biteye ahantu.—Gut 16:21; Abc 6:26; 1Bm 15:13.

• Inkone.

  Ubusanzwe iryo jambo ryerekeza ku bagabo bafite imyanya ndangagitsina yangiritse. Abagabo bameze batyo akenshi bakoraga ibwami, bakaba bari abagaragu cyangwa bakaba bari bashinzwe kwita ku mwamikazi cyangwa abandi bagore b’umwami. Nanone iryo jambo ryerekeza ku muntu wabaga ashinzwe ibyo mu rugo rw’umwami. Rinakoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo ryerekeza ku ‘bantu bigomwe gushaka bitewe n’Ubwami bwo mu ijuru.’ Baba baritoje umuco wo kwifata, bakitanga kugira ngo bakore byinshi mu murimo w’Imana.—Mat 19:12; Est 2:15; Ibk 8:27.

• Inkoni y’ubwami.

  Ni inkoni umuyobozi yabaga afite, ikaba ari ikimenyetso cy’ubutware.—Int 49:10; Heb 1:8.

• Inshoreke.

  Ni umugore wa kabiri, akenshi akaba yarabaga ari umuja.—Kuva 21:8; 2Sm 5:13; 1Bm 11:3.

• Intambwe y’ikiganza.

  Ni urugero rw’uburebure, ugereranyije rungana n’umwanya uba uri hagati y’igikumwe n’agahera mu gihe ikiganza kirambuye. Intambwe imwe y’ikiganza ingana na santimetero 22,2 z’uburebure hashingiwe ku mukono ureshya na 44,5 (Kuva 28:16; 1Sm 17:4).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Intebe y’urubanza.

  Akenshi habaga ari hanze ariko hegeye hejuru, umuntu akahagera abanje kuzamuka esikariye. Habaga hicaye umuyobozi avugana n’abantu benshi kandi akahatangariza imyanzuro. Amagambo avuga ngo: “Intebe y’urubanza y’Imana” n’avuga ngo: “Intebe y’urubanza ya Kristo” ni imvugo z’ikigereranyo zivuga uburyo Yehova yateganyije kugira ngo acire abantu urubanza.—Rom 14:10; 2Kor 5:10; Yoh 19:13.

• Intumwa.

  Igisobanuro cy’ibanze cy’iryo jambo ni “umuntu woherezwa,” kandi ryakoreshejwe kuri Yesu no ku bandi boherejwe gukorera abandi. Inshuro nyinshi, iryo jambo “intumwa” rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku itsinda ry’abigishwa 12 Yesu yitoranyirije kugira ngo bajye bamuhagararira.—Mar 3:14; Ibk 14:14.

• Intwaro.

  Ni ibintu umusirikare yambaraga kugira ngo bimurinde. Muri byo harimo ingofero, ikoti ry’icyuma, umukandara, ibintu byarindaga amaguru n’ingabo.—1Sm 31:9; Efe 6:13-17.

• Inyanja yaka umuriro.

  Ni ahantu h’ikigereranyo ‘haka umuriro n’amazuku’ nanone hitwa “urupfu rwa kabiri.” Abanyabyaha batihana, Satani ndetse n’urupfu n’Imva (cyangwa Hadesi) bizajugunywa muri iyo nyanja. Kuba harimo n’ibiremwa by’umwuka, urupfu na Hadesi, kandi byose bidashobora gutwikwa n’umuriro, bigaragaza ko iyo nyanja ari ikigereranyo; si ukubabazwa iteka, ahubwo ni ukurimbuka iteka.—Ibh 19:20; 20:14, 15; 21:8.

• Inyenyeri ya mu gitondo.—

  Reba amagambo INYENYERI YO MU RUKERERA.

• Inyenyeri yo mu rukerera.

  Isobanura kimwe n’“inyenyeri ya mu gitondo.” Ni yo nyenyeri ya nyuma iba igaragara aho izuba rirasira, mbere y’uko izuba rigaragara, igatuma abantu bamenya ko bugiye gucya.—Ibh 22:16; 2Pt 1:19.

• Inzige.

  Ni ubwoko bw’ibihore bikunda kwimuka biri mu matsinda manini. Inzige zararibwaga kuko zitari zanduye ukurikije Amategeko ya Mose. Iyo zigenda mu matsinda manini, zirya ibimera byose, zikangiza ibintu byinshi, ku buryo abantu babona zabaye nk’icyorezo.—Kuva 10:14; Mat 3:4.

• Inzira.

  Ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu Byanditswe ari imvugo y’ikigereranyo ryerekeza ku bikorwa cyangwa imyifatire Yehova yemera cyangwa ibyo atemera. Byavugwaga ko abantu bahindutse abigishwa ba Yesu Kristo bari bari mu ‘Nzira’ bikaba bisobanura ko imibereho yabo yose yari ishingiye ku kwizera Yesu Kristo kandi bagakurikiza urugero rwe.—Ibk 19:9.

• Isabato.

  Iryo jambo rikomoka ku ry’Igiheburayo risobanura “kuruhuka; guhagarika (imirimo).” Ni umunsi wa karindwi ukurikije uko Abayahudi babara iminsi y’icyumweru (kuva izuba rirenze ku wa Gatanu kugeza izuba rirenze ku wa Gatandatu). Hari indi minsi yabaga mu mwaka na yo yitwaga amasabato, urugero nk’umwaka wa karindwi n’umwaka wa 50. Kuri uwo munsi, nta murimo n’umwe wari wemerewe gukorwa uretse iyakorwaga n’abatambyi mu rusengero. Muri ayo Masabato y’imyaka, ubutaka ntibwagombaga guhingwa kandi nta Muheburayo wagombaga kwishyuza mugenzi we umwenda amurimo. Ukurikije Amategeko ya Mose, ibyo abantu bari babujijwe ku Isabato byari bishyize mu gaciro. Ariko abayobozi b’amadini bagiye bongeramo ibindi, ku buryo byageze mu gihe cya Yesu bisigaye bigora abantu kubikurikiza.—Kuva 20:8; Lew 25:4; Luka 13:14-16; Kol 2:16.

• Isanduku y’isezerano.

  Yari isanduku ikozwe mu giti cyo mu bwoko bw’umunyinya kandi yari isize zahabu. Iyo sanduku yabikwaga Ahera Cyane mu ihema ryo guhuriramo n’Imana kandi nyuma yaho yashyizwe Ahera Cyane ho mu rusengero rwubatswe na Salomo. Yari ifite umupfundikizo ukomeye wa zahabu kandi wari uriho abakerubi babiri barebana. Ibintu by’ingenzi byari muri iyo sanduku byari ibisate bibiri byari byanditseho Amategeko Icumi (Gut  31:26; 1Bm 6:19; Heb 9:4).—Reba Umugereka wa B5 n’uwa B8.

• Isezerano.

  Ni amagambo umuntu avuga yemera ko azakora ikintu runaka cyangwa ko atazagikora. Hari igihe ibikubiye mu isezerano biba bizakorwa n’uruhande rumwe, naho ikindi gihe bigakorwa n’impande zombi. Muri Bibiliya havugwa amasezerano yagiye aba hagati y’Imana n’abantu, hagati y’abantu, hagati y’imiryango, hagati y’ibihugu no hagati y’amatsinda y’abantu. Mu masezerano y’ingenzi kuruta andi, harimo iryo Imana yagiranye na Aburahamu, Dawidi, iryo yagiranye n’Abisirayeli (Isezerano ry’Amategeko) n’isezerano Imana yagiranye na Isirayeli y’Imana (Isezerano rishya).—Int 9:11; 15:18; 21:27; Kuva 24:7; 2Ng 21:7.

• Ishangi.

  Ni ibintu bihumura byavaga ku bwoko butandukanye bw’ibimera bigira amahwa n’ibindi biti bikunze kuba bigufi (Commiphora). Ishangi ni kimwe mu bintu byashyirwaga mu mavuta yasukwaga ku bantu bahawe inshingano zihariye. Abantu bashyiraga ishangi mu myenda cyangwa ku buriri kugira ngo bihumure; banayivangaga n’amavuta yo kwisiga. Nanone abantu bakoreshaga ishangi bategura imirambo bagiye gushyingura.—Kuva 30:23; Img 7:17; Yoh 19:39.

• Isinagogi.

  Iryo jambo ryerekeza ku gikorwa cyo “guhuriza hamwe” cyangwa “gukoranyiriza abantu hamwe.” Icyakora, mu mirongo myinshi yo muri Bibiliya, iryo jambo riba ryerekeza ku nzu cyangwa ahantu Abayahudi bahuriraga kugira ngo basome Ibyanditswe, bahabwe amabwiriza, babwirize kandi basenge. Mu gihe cya Yesu, buri mujyi wo muri Isirayeli wabaga ufite isinagogi kandi imijyi minini yashoboraga no kugira amasinagogi menshi.—Luka 4:16; Ibk 13:14, 15.

• Isirayeli.

  Ni izina Imana yise Yakobo. Nyuma iryo zina ryaje guhabwa abamukomotseho bose. Abakomotse ku bahungu 12 ba Yakobo bakundaga kwitwa abana ba Isirayeli, umuryango wa Isirayeli, abaturage (abagabo) bo muri Isirayeli cyangwa Abisirayeli. Iryo zina ni na ryo ryahawe ubwami bwo mu majyaruguru bwari bugizwe n’imiryango icumi yitandukanyije n’ubwami bwo mu majyepfo. Nyuma Abakristo basutsweho umwuka na bo biswe “Isirayeli y’Imana.”—Gal 6:16; Int 32:28; 2Sm 7:23; Rom 9:6.

• Italanto.

  Ni urugero runini kurusha izindi, Abaheburayo bakoreshaga kugira ngo bamenye uburemere bw’ikintu cyangwa agaciro kacyo mu mafaranga. Yabaga ingana n’ibiro 34,2. Italanto y’Abagiriki yo yabaga ifite uburemere buke, kuko yanganaga n’ibiro 20,4 (1Ng 22:14; Mat 18:24).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Itanura.

  Ni ikintu cyubatse bashongesherezagamo amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa ibyuma; nanone batwikiragamo ibibumbano. Mu bihe bya Bibiliya, itanura ryabaga ryubakishije amatafari cyangwa amabuye.—Int 15:17; Dan 3:17; Ibh 9:2.

• Itorero.

  Ni itsinda ry’abantu babaga bahuriye hamwe, bahujwe n’intego cyangwa igikorwa runaka. Akenshi iryo jambo rikoreshwa mu Byanditswe by’Igiheburayo ryerekeza ku Bisirayeli. Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki iryo jambo ryerekeza ku itsinda ry’Abakristo babaga batuye mu mujyi cyangwa mu gace runaka, ariko akenshi ryerekeza ku Bakristo muri rusange.—1Bm 8:22; Ibk 9:31; Rom 16:5.

• Ituro rizunguzwa.

  Ni ituro ryatangwaga umutambyi yashyize ibiganza bye munsi y’ibiganza by’urifite waje kuritanga, hanyuma uwo muntu akarizunguza arijyana hirya no hino cyangwa umutambyi ubwe akaba ari we urizunguza. Icyo gikorwa cyagaragazaga ko iryo turo rihawe Yehova.—Lew 7:30.

• Ituro ry’ibyokunywa.

  Ni ituro rya divayi yasukwaga ku gicaniro kandi ibitambo byinshi byatanganwaga na ryo. Ayo magambo Pawulo yayakoresheje mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo ashaka kugaragaza ko yifuzaga gukorera Abakristo bagenzi be abikuye ku mutima.—Kub 15:5, 7; Flp 2:17.

• Iyi si.

  Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryahinduwemo iyi si ni ai·onʹ. Ryerekeza ku bibaho muri iki gihe turimo cyangwa ibintu byihariye byabayeho mu gihe runaka cyangwa mu myaka runaka. Iyo Bibiliya ikoresheje iyo mvugo, iba yerekeza ku bintu byihariye biranga iyi si cyangwa ku myifatire y’abantu badakorera Imana (2Tm 4:10). Igihe Imana yashyiragaho isezerano ry’Amategeko, yari itangije igihe cyihariye mu mateka, ari cyo bamwe bita igihe cy’Abisirayeli cyangwa igihe cy’Abayahudi. Yesu Kristo yakoreshejwe n’Imana binyuze ku gitambo yatanze, maze atangiza ikindi gihe cyihariye. Kimwe mu bintu byihariye byabaye muri icyo gihe, ni ugushyiraho itorero ry’Abakristo basutsweho umwuka. Iyo yari intangiriro y’igihe gishya. Ibyabaye muri icyo gihe byari byaragaragajwe mbere y’igihe binyuze ku isezerano ry’Amategeko. Nanone iyo iyo mvugo ikoreshejwe iri mu bwinshi, iba yerekeza ku bihe bitandukanye, cyangwa ibintu byihariye byabayeho mu mateka cyangwa ibizabaho.—Mat 24:3; Mar 4:19; Rom 12:2; 1Kor 10:11.

K

• Kabu.

  Ni urugero rwo gupima ibintu bidasukika rungana na litiro 1,22 hashingiwe ku rugero  rwa bati (2Bm 6:25).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Kanani.

  Ni umwuzukuru wa Nowa akaba n’umwana wa kane wa Hamu. Imiryango 11 yakomotse kuri Kanani, yaje gutura mu karere ko mu burasirazuba bwa Mediterane, hagati ya Egiputa na Siriya. Ako karere kitwaga ‘igihugu cy’i Kanani’ (Lew 18:3; Int 9:18; Ibk 13:19).—Reba Umugereka wa B4.

• Kashe.

  Ni igikoresho bakoreshaga bashyira ikimenyetso (ku kintu gikozwe mu ibumba cyangwa mu bishashara) kugira ngo bagaragaze ko ikintu cyizewe, cyemewe cyangwa bagaragaze nyiracyo. Kashe ya kera yabaga ikozwe mu kintu gikomeye (mu ibuye, mu ihembe ry’inzovu cyangwa mu giti) kandi iharatuyeho inyuguti cyangwa amashusho. Mu mvugo y’ikigereranyo yo muri Bibiliya, ijambo “kashe” akenshi rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku kintu cyizewe cyangwa ikintu gihishe cyangwa cy’ibanga.—Kuva 28:11; Neh 9:38; Ibh 5:1; 9:4.

• Kayisari.

  Ni izina ry’umuryango wo mu Baroma, ryaje kuba izina ry’icyubahiro ry’Abami b’abami b’Abaroma. Muri Bibiliya havugwamo abantu nk’abo batatu, ari bo Ogusito, Tiberiyo na Kalawudiyo, kandi nubwo izina Nero ritabonekamo, na we yari afite iryo zina. Nanone izina “Kayisari” rikoreshwa mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo rigaragaza ubutegetsi cyangwa igihugu.—Mar 12:17; Ibk 25:12.

• Kemoshi.

  Ni imana y’Abamowabu yari ikomeye kurusha izindi.—1Bm 11:33.

• Kisilevu.

  Igihe Abisirayeli bari bavuye i Babuloni, ni uko bise ukwezi kwa cyenda kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi, kukaba ukwezi kwa gatatu kuri kalendari isanzwe. Uko kwezi kwaheraga hagati mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo kukageza hagati mu kwezi k’Ukuboza (Neh 1:1; Zek 7:1).—Reba Umugereka wa B15.

• Koru.

  Ni igipimo cy’ibidasukika n’ibisukika. “Koru” imwe ingana na litiro 220, hashingiwe ku rugero rwa “Bati” (1Bm 5:11).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Kristo.

  Ni izina ryumvikanisha inshingano Yesu afite, rikaba riva ku nshinga ry’Ikigiriki Khri·stosʹ, rikaba risobanura kimwe n’irindi ry’Igiheburayo rihindurwamo “Mesiya,” cyangwa “Uwasutsweho amavuta.”—Mat 1:16; Yoh 1:41.

• Kujyana abantu ku ngufu (mu kindi gihugu).

  Ni igihe uwatsinze abantu abirukana mu gihugu cyabo cyangwa aho basanzwe baba, akabajyana mu kindi gihugu. Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rikoreshwa aho, risobanura “kuva ahantu.” Ibyo byabaye ku Bisirayeli inshuro ebyiri. Abari batuye mu Bwami bwo mu majyaruguru bwari bugizwe n’imiryango icumi bajyanywe ku ngufu n’Abashuri, nyuma abari batuye mu bwami bwo mu majyepfo bugizwe n’imiryango ibiri bajyanwa ku ngufu n’Abanyababuloni. Abajyanywe kuri izo nshuro zombi, bagarutse mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Kuro w’Umuperesi.—2Bm 17:6; 24:16; Ezr 6:21.

• Kuragura.

  Ni ugukoresha imbaraga zituruka ku myuka mibi.—2Ng 33:6.

• Kurambika ibiganza (ku).

  Iyo umuntu yabaga agiye guhabwa inshingano yihariye, guhabwa umugisha, gukizwa cyangwa guhabwa impano y’umwuka wera, bamurambikagaho ibiganza. Hari n’igihe barambikaga ibiganza ku matungo mbere y’uko bayatamba.—Kuva 29:15; Kub 27:18; Ibk 19:6; 1Tm 5:22.

• Kusemeti.

  Ni ubwoko bw’ingano z’agaciro gake (Triticum spelta), zigira intete zimeze nk’aho zifashe cyane ku bishishwa.—Kuva 9:32.

• Kutandura.

  Muri Bibiliya iri jambo ryerekeza ku isuku yo ku mubiri, ku myifatire umuntu afite cyangwa imimerere ikintu runaka kirimo mu bijyanye n’iby’Imana. Ni ukuvuga gukomeza cyangwa kongera kuba indakemwa, kutagira inenge, kwirinda ikintu cyose cyanduza, kutavangwa n’ikindi kintu no kutangirika. Mu Mategeko ya Mose iryo jambo ryerekeza ku kuzuza ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yifatanye mu mihango y’idini.—Lew 10:10; Zab 51:7; Mat 8:2; 1Kor 6:11.

• Kuvuma.

  Ni ugutuka umuntu cyangwa kwifuriza ibibi umuntu cyangwa ikintu. Inshuro nyinshi umuvumo ni amagambo avuga ibintu bibi cyangwa ibyago bishobora kuzagera ku muntu. Iyo uwo muvumo uturutse ku Mana cyangwa umuntu ubifitiye uburenganzira, bifatwa nk’ubuhanuzi kandi biraba byanze bikunze.—Int 12:3; Kub 22:12; Gal 3:10.

• Kwandura (guhumana).

  Bishobora gusobanura kwandura bisanzwe cyangwa kwica amategeko agenga imyifatire. Ariko muri Bibiliya ho, iryo jambo akenshi riba risobanura ikintu kitemewe, cyanduye ukurikije ibivugwa mu Mategeko ya Mose (Lew 5:2; 13:45; Mat 10:1; Ibk 10:14; Efe 5:5).—Reba ijambo KWERA.

• Kwera.

  Uwo muco ni uwa Yehova. Ugaragaza ko Yehova afite imyifatire myiza cyane mu bijyanye n’umuco kandi ko atagira ikizinga (Kuva 28:36; 1Sm 2:2; Img 9:10; Yes 6:3). Iyo ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryahinduwemo kwera rikoreshejwe ryerekeza ku bantu (Kuva 19:6; 2Bm 4:9), ku nyamaswa (Kub 18:17), ku bintu (Kuva 28:38; 30:25; Lew 27:14), ku hantu (Kuva 3:5; Yes 27:13), ku bihe (Kuva 16:23; Lew 25:12) no ku bikorwa (Kuva 36:4), riba risobanura ikintu cyatandukanyijwe n’ibindi cyangwa cyeguriwe Imana. Kiba cyaratoranyijwe kugira ngo kizakoreshwe mu murimo wa Yehova. Mu  Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, iryo jambo riba risobanura ikintu cyatandukanyijwe n’ibindi kikaba icy’Imana. Nanone iryo jambo rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku myifatire myiza cyane y’umuntu.—Mar 6:20; 2Kor 7:1; 1Pet 1:15, 16.

• Kweza.

  Iyo bezaga ikintu baragitoranyaga, bakagitandukanya n’ibindi kugira ngo kibe icya Yehova. Ibyo byatumaga kiba icyera cyangwa kikaba kitanduye. Ibyo nanone byashoboraga gukorwa ku muntu ugiye gukorera Yehova umurimo wihariye, cyangwa se bakabikora ku kintu kizakoreshwa gusa mu murimo wa Yehova. Iyo Yehova avuze ko azeza izina rye, aba ashaka kugaragaza ko azatuma ibiremwa byose bibona ko ari uwera.—Ezk 38:23; Mt 6:9; Yh 17:17, 1Kr 1:2.

• Kwigomwa kurya no kunywa.

  Ni ukwirinda kugira ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose umuntu arya mu gihe runaka. Abisirayeli bigomwaga kurya no kunywa ku Munsi wo Kwiyunga n’Imana, bari mu byago n’igihe babaga bakeneye ko Imana ibabwira icyo bakora. Abayahudi bigomwaga kurya no kunywa inshuro enye mu mwaka bibuka ibintu bibabaje byabaye mu mateka yabo. Abakristo ntibategetswe kwigomwa kurya no kunywa.—Ezr 8:21; Yes 58:6; Luka 18:12.

• Kwihana.

  Muri Bibiliya iri jambo rikoreshwa rishaka kuvuga ko umuntu yahinduye imitekerereze bitewe n’uko yababajwe cyane n’uko yari abayeho, ibikorwa bye bibi cyangwa ibyo yananiwe gukora. Iyo umuntu yihannye by’ukuri ibikorwa bye birahinduka.—Mat 3:8; Ibk 3:19; 2Pt 3:9.

• Kwiyegurira Imana.

  Ni ugusenga Yehova Imana no kumukorera kandi tukabera indahemuka ubutegetsi bwe bw’ikirenga.—1Tm 4:8; 2Tm 3:12.

• Kwiyunga n’Imana.

  Mu Byanditswe by’Igiheburayo, ayo magambo afitanye isano n’ibitambo abantu batambaga kugira ngo bemererwe kwegera Imana kandi bayikorere. Mu gihe cy’Amategeko ya Mose, ibyo bitambo byatambwaga cyane cyane ku Munsi wo Kwiyunga n’Imana, wabaga buri mwaka. Ibyo bitambo byashushanyaga igitambo cya Yesu. Icyo gitambo cyatambwe rimwe gusa, bituma abantu bababarirwa ibyaha mu buryo bwuzuye, kandi bibahesha uburyo bwo kwiyunga na Yehova.—Lew 5:10; 23:28; Kol 1:20; Heb 9:12.

L

• Leputoni.

  Ni igiceri gito cyane kuruta ibindi cyari gikozwe mu muringa cyakoreshwaga mu gihe Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo byandikwaga. Muri Bibiliya zimwe na zimwe, icyo giceri cyitwa “isenge” (Mar 12:42; Luka 21:2; ibisobanuro by’amagambo).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Lewi; Umulewi.

  Ni umuhungu wa gatatu Yakobo yabyaranye na Leya; nanone ni izina ry’umuryango w’abamukomotseho. Abahungu be batatu ni bo bashinze ibyiciro bitatu by’ingenzi Abalewi babarizwagamo. Hari igihe ijambo “Abalewi” rikoreshwa rishaka kuvuga abakomoka kuri Lewi, utabariyemo umuryango w’abatambyi bakomoka kuri Aroni. Umuryango wa Lewi ntiwigeze uhabwa umurage mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano, ahubwo wahawe imijyi 48 mu duce twari twarahawe indi miryango.—Gut 10:8; 1Ng 6:1; Heb 7:11.

• Lewiyatani.

  Ni inyamaswa ikunda kuba mu mazi. Muri Yobu 3:8 nʼigice cya 41:1, uko bigaragara iryo jambo ryakoreshejwe berekeza ku ngona cyangwa ku kindi gisimba kinini kandi gifite imbaraga nyinshi, kiba mu mazi. Muri Zaburi ya 104:26, ho haba herekeza ku bwoko bw’igifi kinini cyane cyitwa balene. Ahandi iryo jambo rikoreshwa, ni mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo, ku buryo nta yindi nyamaswa wabigereranya.—Zab 74:14; Yes 27:1.

• Logi.

  Ni rwo rugero ruto kuruta izindi ngero z’ibisukika ruvugwa muri Bibiliya. Mu gitabo (cya Talmud) kirimo amategeko y’idini ry’Abayahudi, havuga ko “logi” ari 1/12 cya “hini.” Ibyo bisobanura ko “logi” ingana na litiro 0,31 (Lew 14:10).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

M

• Mahalati.

  Uko bigaragara, iri ni ijambo ryakoreshwaga mu muziki. Riboneka mu magambo abanza ya Zaburi ya 53 n’iya 88. Rishobora kuba rifitanye isano n’ijambo ry’Igiheburayo risobanura “gucika intege,” cyangwa “kurwara.” Ibi byerekeza ku ijwi ry’agahinda, bikaba binajyanye n’amagambo arimo akababaro ari muri izo ndirimbo uko ari ebyiri.

• Makedoniya.

  Ni akarere ko mu majyaruguru y’u Bugiriki kari gakomeye mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Alexandre le Grand kandi kakomeje kwigenga kugeza igihe kigarurirwaga n’Abaroma. Igihe intumwa Pawulo yakoreraga urugendo rwe rwa mbere i Burayi, Makedoniya yari intara y’Abaroma. Ako karere Pawulo yagasuye inshuro eshatu (Ibk 16:9).—Reba Umugereka wa B13.

• Malikamu.

  Iryo zina rishobora kuba ari kimwe na Moleki, ni ukuvuga imana ikomeye y’Abamoni (Zef 1:5).—Reba ijambo MOLEKI.

• Manu.

  Ni ibyokurya by’ingenzi Abisirayeli baryaga mu gihe cy’imyaka 40 bamaze mu butayu. Ni Yehova wabibahaga. Byagwaga hasi mu buryo bw’igitangaza, bimeze nk’ikime buri gitondo, uretse ku munsi w’Isabato. Igihe Abisirayeli babibonaga bwa mbere, barabajije bati: “Ibi ni ibiki?” cyangwa mu rurimi rw’Igiheburayo bati: “man huʼ?” (Kuva 16:13-15, 35).  Hari aho ijambo “manu” riba ryerekeza ku ‘byokurya biturutse mu ijuru’ (Zab 78:24), “umugati uturutse mu ijuru” (Zab 105:40) n’“umugati w’abanyambaraga” (Zab 78:25). Nanone Yesu yigeze kuvuga kuri “manu” mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo.—Yoh 6:49, 50.

• Marijani.

  Ni ibintu bikomeye bimeze nk’amabuye, byikora bivuye mu bikanka by’inyamaswa nto cyane zo mu nyanja. Biboneka mu nyanja kandi biba bifite amabara atandukanye harimo umutuku, umweru n’umukara. Amabuye ya marijani akunda kuboneka mu Nyanjya Itukura. Mu bihe bya Bibiliya, amabuye atukura ya marijani yarahendaga cyane kandi yakorwagamo amasaro n’indi mitako.—Img 8:11.

• Masikili.

  Ni ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rifite ibisobanuro bitazwi neza. Riboneka mu magambo abanza ya zaburi cumi n’eshatu. Iryo jambo rishobora kuba risobanura “umuvugo w’umuntu utekereza cyane.” Hari n’abatekereza ko hari irindi jambo rijya kumera nk’iryo risobanura ‘gukorana ubushishozi’.—2Ng 30:22; Zab 32:Amagambo abanza.

• Merodaki.

  Ni imana ikomeye kuruta izindi zo mu mujyi wa Babuloni. Nyuma y’uko umwami Hamurabi akaba n’umunyamategeko agiriye Babuloni umurwa mukuru wa Babuloniya, Merodaki (cyangwa Mardouk) yarushijeho gukomera, isimbura izindi mana zayibanjirije maze ihinduka imana ikomeye kuruta izindi zo muri Babuloni. Nyuma yaho, izina Merodaki (cyangwa Mardouk) ryaje gusimbuzwa izina ry’icyubahiro “Belu” (risobanura “Nyiri ikintu”), ku buryo Merodaki abantu benshi bayitaga “Beli.”—Yer 50:2.

• Mesiya.

  Ni izina rikomoka ku ijambo ry’Igiheburayo risobanura “uwasutsweho amavuta.” Irindi jambo ry’Ikigiriki bisobanura kimwe ni “Kristo.”—Dan 9:25; Yoh 1:41.

• Mikitamu.

  Ni ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryakoreshejwe mu magambo abanza ya zaburi esheshatu (Zab 16; 56–60). Ni ijambo ry’umuziki rifite ibisobanuro bitazwi neza. Icyakora, rishobora kuba rifitanye isano n’ijambo “kwandika.”

• Milikomu.

  Ni imana Abamoni basengaga, nanone ikaba ishobora kuba yaritwaga Moleki (1Bm 11:5, 7). Mu gihe cya nyuma cy’ubutegetsi bwa Salomo, yubakiye iyo mana y’ikinyoma ahantu hirengeye.—Reba ijambo MOLEKI.

• Milo.

  Ni agace cyangwa ahantu hari hubatse mu Mujyi wa Dawidi. Uko habaga hateye ntibizwi neza.—2Sm 5:9; 1Bm 11:27.

• Mina.

  Nanone yitwa “mane” muri Ezekiyeli. Ni urugero rw’uburemere n’urugero rw’agaciro mu mafaranga. Hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe mu matongo, mina ingana na shekeli 50, kandi shekeli imwe yanganaga na garama 11,4. Mina ivugwa mu Byanditswe by’Igiheburayo ingana na garama 570. Hashobora kuba harabagaho ubwoko bubiri bwa “mina” nk’uko “imikono” na yo yabaga itandukanye. Mu Byanditswe byʼIkigiriki bya Gikristo, “mina” yanganaga n’idarakama 100. Yari ifite uburemere bwa garama 340; mina 60 zanganaga n’italanto imwe (Ezr 2:69; Luka 19:13).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Moleki.

  Ni imana y’Abamoni; ishobora kuba nanone ari yo yitwaga Malikomu, Milikomu na Moloki. Iryo rishobora kuba ari izina ry’icyubahiro gusa. Amategeko ya Mose yavugaga ko umuntu wese utambira abana be Moleki yagombaga kwicwa.—Lew 20:2; Yer 32:35; Ibk 7:43.

• Moloki.—

  Reba ijambo MOLEKI.

• Mutilabeni.

  Ni ijambo ryakoreshejwe mu magambo abanza ya Zaburi ya 9. Mu gihe cya kera, ayo magambo yasobanuraga “ibyerekeye urupfu rw’umwana.” Bamwe bavuga ko ari amagambo abanza y’iyo zaburi cyangwa rikaba izina ry’injyana yari imenyerewe cyane yakoreshwaga bari kuririmba iyo zaburi.

N

• Narada.

  Ni amavuta yahumuraga kandi ahenda cyane afite ibara ry’umutuku werurutse. Yavaga mu kimera cyitwa narada. Kubera ko yahendaga, akenshi bakundaga kuyavangamo amavuta yo mu rwego ruciriritse kandi rimwe na rimwe bakayigana. Birashishikaje kuba Mariko na Yohana baravuze ko amavuta ya narada yasutswe kuri Yesu yari ay’umwimerere.—Mar 14:3; Yoh 12:3.

• Nehiloti.

  Ibisobanuro by’iri jambo ntibizwi neza. Ryakoreshejwe mu magambo abanza ya Zaburi ya 5. Bamwe bavuga ko iryo jambo ryerekeza ku gikoresho cy’umuziki bahuhamo kigatanga ijwi, bikaba binahuye n’ijambo ry’Igiheburayo (cha·lilʹ) risobanura umwirongi. Icyakora nanone, ijambo Nehiloti rishobora no kuba ryerekeza ku njyana y’indirimbo.

• Nisani.

  Iri ni izina ryahawe ukwezi kwa Abibu, ni ukuvuga ukwezi kwa mbere kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi, nyuma y’aho bajyaniwe ku ngufu i Babuloni, kukaba ari ukwezi kwa karindwi kuri kalendari isanzwe. Kwatangiraga hagati mu kwezi kwa Werurwe kugeza hagati mu kwezi kwa Mata (Neh 2:1).—Reba Umugereka wa B15.

O

• Omeri.

  Ni urugero rw’ibidasukika rungana na litiro 2,2 cyangwa kimwe cya cumi cya efa (Kuva 16:16, 18).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Onigisi.

  Ni amabuye atari ay’agaciro cyane, akaba ari ubwoko bw’amabuye akomeye. Iryo buye riba rigizwe n’ibice bifite amabara  atandukanye, urugero nk’umweru, umukara, ikijuju, umutuku, irisa n’ivu cyangwa icyatsi. Ayo mabuye yashyirwaga ku myenda idasanzwe y’umutambyi mukuru.—Kuva 28:9, 12; 1Ng 29:2; Yobu 28:16.

• Orugiyasi.

  Ni urugero rw’uburebure, bwanganaga na metero 1,8 (Ibk 27:28).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

P

• Paradizo.

  Ni parike nziza cyane, cyangwa ubusitani bumeze nka parike. Edeni ni ho hantu ha mbere hari hameze hatyo, Yehova akaba yari yarahateguriye umugabo n’umugore ba mbere. Igihe Yesu yavuganaga n’umwe mu bagizi ba nabi wari umanitse ku giti cy’umubabaro iruhande rwe, yamubwiye ko isi izahinduka paradizo. Mu 2 Abakorinto 12:4, uko bigaragara iryo jambo ryerekeza kuri paradizo izabaho mu gihe kiri imbere, naho mu Byahishuwe 2:7, rikerekeza kuri paradizo yo mu ijuru.—Ind 4:13; Luka 23:43.

• Pasika.

  Ni umunsi mukuru wabaga buri mwaka ku itariki ya 14 z’ukwezi kwa Abibu (kwaje kwitwa Nisani). Wabaga ari uwo kwibuka ukuntu Abisirayeli bavanywe muri Egiputa. Igihe babaga bawizihiza, babagaga umwana w’intama (cyangwa uw’ihene) maze bakawotsa, bakawurisha imboga zisharira n’umugati utarimo umusemburo.—Kuva 12:27; Yoh 6:4; 1Kor 5:7.

• Pentekote.

  Ni umunsi mukuru wa kabiri mu minsi mikuru ikomeye, abagabo b’Abayahudi bose basabwaga kujya kuwizihiriza i Yerusalemu. Pentekote bisobanura “(umunsi) wa mirongo itanu,” ni izina rikoreshwa mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki, bashaka kuvuga Umunsi Mukuru w’Isarura cyangwa Umunsi Mukuru w’Ibyumweru uvugwa mu Byanditswe by’Igiheburayo. Wizihizwaga ku munsi wa 50, babaze bahereye ku itariki ya 16 Nisani.—Kuva 23:16; 34:22; Ibk 2:1.

• Perefe.

  Yabaga ari umuyobozi ukurikira abungirije umwami mu butegetsi bw’Abanyababuloni. Muri Bibiliya, ba perefe babaga barusha ububasha abanyabwenge bo mu bwami bwa Babuloni. Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Dariyo w’Umumedi na bwo ba perefe babagaho.—Dan 2:48; 6:7.

• Pimu.

  Ni ibiro cyangwa igiciro Abafilisitiya bakaga umuntu uje gutyaza ibikoresho bitandukanye by’ibyuma. Amabuye bapimishaga yabonetse mu bintu byataburuwe mu matongo muri Isirayeli, yariho inyuguti zo mu Giheburayo cya kera z’ijambo “pimu”; ibuye rimwe ryari rifite uburemere bwa garama 7,8 ugereranyije zikaba zingana na bibiri bya gatatu bya shekeli.—1Sm 13:20, 21.

• Poruneyiya.—

  Reba ijambo UBUSAMBANYI.

• Purimu.

  Ni umunsi mukuru wabaga buri mwaka ku itariki ya 14 n’iya 15 z’ukwezi kwa Adari. Uwo munsi wibutsaga Abayahudi irimbuka ryari rigiye kuba mu gihe cy’Umwamikazi Esiteri. Iryo jambo pu·rimʹ ritari iry’Igiheburayo, risobanura “ubufindo.” Umunsi mukuru wa Purimu, cyangwa Umunsi Mukuru w’Ubufindo, wiswe utyo hashingiwe ku bufindo Hamani yakoze (ari byo bita Puri) kugira ngo amenye umunsi wo gusohorezaho umugambi mubi yari afite wo kwica Abayahudi.—Est 3:7; 9:26.

R

• Rahabu.

  Ni ijambo ryakoreshejwe mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo mu gitabo cya Yobu, Zaburi na Yesaya (ariko ntirigomba kwitiranywa n’izina Rahabu ry’umugore uvugwa mu gitabo cya Yosuwa). Ibivugwa mu gitabo cya Yobu bituma dusobanukirwa ko izina Rahabu risobanura igisimba kinini cyo mu nyanja; ahandi ho icyo gisimba kinini cyo mu nyanja kigereranya Egiputa.—Yobu 9:13; Zab 87:4; Yes 30:7; 51:9, 10.

• Rido.

  Ni umwenda mwiza uboshye mu budodo, ufumyeho ibishushanyo by’abakerubi watandukanyaga Ahera n’Ahera Cyane, haba mu ihema no mu rusengero (Kuva 26:31; 2Ng 3:14; Mat 27:51; Heb 9:3).—Reba Umugereka wa B5.

S

• Samariya.

  Ni umujyi wamaze imyaka 200 ari umurwa mukuru wa Isirayeli, ni ukuvuga imiryango 10 yo mu majyaruguru. Akarere iyo miryango yari igize ubwo bwami yari ituyemo, kitwaga Samariya. Umusozi uwo mujyi wari wubatsweho na wo witwaga Samariya. Mu gihe cya Yesu, Samariya yari iherereye hagati ya Galilaya, mu majyaruguru, na Yudaya mu majyepfo. Yesu ntiyigeze ajya muri ako gace ajyanywe no kuhabwiriza. Icyakora hari igihe yajyaga ahanyura akavugana n’abaturage baho. Petero yakoresheje urufunguzo rwa kabiri rw’ubwami rw’ikigereranyo igihe Abasamariya bahabwaga umwuka wera (1Bm 16:24; Yoh 4:7; Ibk 8:14).—Reba Umugereka wa B10.

• Satani.

  Ni ijambo ry’Igiheburayo risobanura “Urwanya.” Mu ndimi Bibiliya yanditswemo, iyo rikoreshejwe riri hamwe n’ikinyazina gifutura riba ryerekeza kuri Satani Umwanzi, akaba ari we mwanzi ukomeye w’Imana.—Yobu 1:6; Mat 4:10; Ibh 12:9.

• Sela.

  Ni ijambo ryakoreshwaga mu muziki cyangwa mu mivugo, biboneka muri za Zaburi no muri Habakuki. Iryo jambo rishobora kuba risobanura kuruhuka mu gihe umuntu ari kuririmba, gucuranga cyangwa byombi. Uwo mwanya wabaga ari uwo kuruhuka kugira ngo  umuntu atekereze cyangwa yiyumvishe ibiri kuvugwa. Muri Bibiliya ya Septante hakoreshejwe ijambo ry’Ikigiriki di·aʹpsal·ma, rikaba risobanura “akaruhuko ko mu muziki.”—Zab 3:4; Hab 3:3.

• Seya.

  Ni urugero rw’ibintu bidasukika. Ugendeye ku rugero rw’ibisukika bingana, usanga rungana na litiro 7,33 (2Bm 7:1).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Shebati.

  Iryo ni izina ryahawe ukwezi kwa 11 ko kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi, Abisirayeli bamaze kujyanwa i Babuloni, kukaba ari ukwezi kwa gatanu kuri kalendari yari isanzwe. Ukwezi guhera muri Mutarama hagati, kukagera hagati muri Gashyantare (Zk 1:7).—Reba Umugereka wa B15.

• Shekeli.

  Ni urugero Abaheburayo bakoreshaga bapima uburemere cyangwa bagira ngo bamenye agaciro k’ibintu mu mafaranga. Uburemere bwayo bungana na garama 11,4. Bibiliya ishobora kuba ikoresha amagambo ngo “igipimo cy’ahera” ishaka kugaragaza ko igipimo kigomba kuba cyuzuye cyangwa ko kigomba kuba gihuje n’igipimo cyabikwaga mu rusengero. Birashoboka ko hariho shekeli y’ibwami (itandukanye na shekeli abantu basanzwe bakoreshaga) cyangwa igipimo cyabikwaga ibwami.—Kuva 30:13.

• Sheminiti.

  Ni ijambo rikoreshwa mu muziki. Rifashwe uko ryakabaye risobanura “ikintu cya munani.” Bishobora kuba byerekeza ku ijwi ry’umuziki ryo hasi. Mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho by’umuziki, iryo jambo rishobora kuba ryerekeza ku bikoresho bitanga amajwi y’umuziki uri mu ijwi ryo hasi. Mu bijyanye n’indirimbo, iryo jambo rishobora kuba ryerekeza ku muziki ucurangwa kandi ukaririmbwa mu majwi yo hasi.—1Ng 15:21; Zab 6:Amagambo abanza; 12:Amagambo abanza.

• Shewoli.

  Ni ijambo ry’Igiheburayo rifitanye isano n’iry’Ikigiriki, ari ryo “Hadesi.” Rihindurwamo “Imva” (ritangijwe inyuguti nkuru), risobanura aho abantu bapfuye baba bari aho kuba ahantu umuntu wapfuye yashyinguwe.—Int 37:35; Zab 16:10; Ibk 2:31 (Reba ijambo IMVA).

• Sirita.

  Ni ibigobe bibiri binini byo ku nkombe ya Libiya, mu Majyaruguru ya Afurika. Abantu batwaraga ubwato kera barahatinyaga kuko habaga hari ibirundo by’umucanga biteje akaga byahoraga byimuka bitewe no kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka kw’amazi y’inyanja (Ibk 27:17).—Reba Umugereka wa B13.

• Siriya; Abasiriya.—

  Reba ijambo ARAMU.

• Sivani.

  Iryo ni izina ryahawe ukwezi kwa gatatu ko kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi, Abisirayeli bamaze kujyanwa i Babuloni, kukaba ari ukwezi kwa cyenda kuri kalendari yari isanzwe. Uko kwezi guhera muri Gicurasi hagati, kukagera hagati muri Kamena (Est 8:9).—Reba Umugereka wa B15.

• Siyoni; Umusozi wa Siyoni.

  Ni izina ry’umujyi wa kera w’Abayebusi wari ukikijwe n’inkuta, wari ku musozi wo mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Yerusalemu. Umwami Dawidi amaze kuhafata yahubatse inzu yabagamo, maze hitwa “Umujyi wa Dawidi” (2Sm 5:7, 9). Siyoni yaje guhinduka umusozi wera wa Yehova igihe Dawidi yahimuriraga Isanduku y’isezerano. Nyuma izina Siyoni ryumvikanishaga aho urusengero rwari rwubatse ku Musozi wa Moriya kandi rimwe na rimwe rigasobanura umujyi wose wa Yerusalemu. Iryo zina rikunze gukoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo.—Zab 2:6; 1Pt 2:6; Ibh 14:1.

T

• Tamuzi.

  (1) Ni izina ry’imana Abaheburayokazi bo muri Yerusalemu bari abahakanyi baririraga. Bivugwa ko Tamuzi yari umwami wapfuye maze abantu bakajya bamusenga. Mu nyandiko z’Abasumeri, Tamuzi yitwa Dumuzi kandi ifatwa nk’umugabo cyangwa umukunzi wa Inana, ari yo mana bavugaga ko ituma abantu babyara (Abanyababuloni bayitaga Ishitari) (Ezk 8:14). (2) Nyuma y’aho Abisirayeli bajyaniwe ku ngufu i Babuloni, ryabaye izina ry’ukwezi kwa kane kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi, kukaba kwari ukwezi kwa 10 kuri kalendari yari isanzwe. Kwatangiraga hagati mu kwezi kwa Kamena kukageza hagati mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga.—Reba Umugereka wa B15.

• Taritaro.

  Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki, havuga ko ari imimerere mibi cyane yagereranywa no kuba muri gereza, abamarayika batumviye bo mu gihe cya Nowa bashyizwemo. Muri 2 Petero 2:4, inshinga yakoreshejwemo ari yo tar·ta·roʹo (“isobanura kujugunya muri Taritaro”) ntisobanura ko “abamarayika bakoze icyaha” bajugunywe muri Taritaro ivugwa mu nkuru z’impimbano z’abapagani (ni ukuvuga gereza yo munsi y’ubutaka n’ahantu h’umwijima mwinshi imana zifite agaciro gake zafungirwaga). Ahubwo iryo jambo ryumvikanisha ko Imana yabacishije bugufi, ikabambura umwanya bari bafite mu ijuru n’inshingano zabo, igatuma mu bitekerezo byabo bamera nk’abari mu mwijima mwinshi ku buryo badashobora gusobanukirwa ibintu byiza Imana iteganya gukora. Nubundi kandi bazashyirwa mu mwijima, kuko Bibiliya ivuga ko bo n’umutware wabo, ari we Satani Umwanzi, bazarimbuka burundu. Ubwo rero, ijambo Taritaro ryumvikanisha ukuntu abamarayika basuzuguye Imana bacishijwe  bugufi cyane. Ntirikwiriye kwitiranywa n’ijambo “ikuzimu” rikoreshwa mu Byahishuwe 20:1-3.

• Tebeti.

  Ni izina ryahawe ukwezi kwa Abibu, ni ukuvuga ukwezi kwa cumi kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi, nyuma y’aho Abisirayeli bajyaniwe ku ngufu i Babuloni, kukaba ari ukwezi kwa kane kuri kalendari yari isanzwe y’Abayahudi. Kwatangiraga hagati mu kwezi k’Ukuboza kukageza hagati mu kwezi kwa Mutarama. Gukunze kwitwa gusa “ukwezi kwa cumi” (Est 2:16).—Reba Umugereka wa B15.

• Terafimu.

  Ni ibigirwamana imiryango yatungaga. Hari igihe babikoreshaga bashaka kumenya ibizaba (Ezk 21:21). Bimwe muri byo byabaga bifite ishusho y’umuntu kandi ari binini, na ho ibindi ari bito (Int 31:34; 1Sm 19:13, 16). Ibyataburuwe mu matongo muri Mezopotamiya bigaragaza ko gutunga amashusho ya terafimu byaheshaga umuntu uburenganzira bwo guhabwa umurage w’umuryango (birashoboka ko ari yo mpamvu Rasheli yatwaye terafimu za papa we). Ibyo ntibyakorwaga muri Isirayeli. Icyakora mu bihe by’abacamanza n’abami, hari Abisirayeli bari batunze terafimu bakoreshaga basenga ibigirwamana kuko ziri mu byo Umwami Yosiya wari indahemuka yarimbuye.—Abc 17:5; 2Bm 23:24; Hos 3:4.

• Tishiri.—

  Reba ETANIMU n’Umugereka wa B15.

U

• Ububani.

  Ni amariragege yumye ava mu bwoko bw’ibiti bimwe na bimwe (Boswellia). Iyo bayatwitse atanga impumuro nziza cyane. Ni kimwe mu byabaga bigize uruvange rw’umubavu wakoreshwaga mu ihema no mu rusengero. Nanone ububani bwaturanwaga n’ituro ry’ibinyampeke kandi bugashyirwa hagati y’umurongo w’imigati n’undi, ku migati yo kugerekerenya yabaga iri Ahera.—Kuva 30:34-36; Lew 2:1; 24:7; Mat 2:11.

• Ubudodo buhagaritse.

  Ni indodo babohaga zihagaritse. Bafataga izindi ndodo zitambitse, bakagenda bazisobekeranya n’izo mu buryo buringaniye.—Abc 16:13.

• Ubudodo butambitse.

  Ni indodo babohaga zitambitse. Izo ndodo bagendaga bazisobekeranya n’izindi zabaga zihagaze.—Lew 13:59.

• U Bufilisitiya; Abafilisitiya.

  Ni igihugu cyo ku nkombe yo mu majyepfo ya Isirayeli cyaje kwitwa u Bufilisitiya. Abafilisitiya ni abimukira baje kuhatura baturutse i Kirete. Dawidi yarabatsinze, ariko bakomeje kwigenga kandi bakomeza kuba abanzi ba Isirayeli (Kuva 13:17; 1Sm 17:4; Amo 9:7).—Reba Umugereka wa B4.

• Ubufindo.

  Kera bafataga utubuye cyangwa uduce tw’uduti, bakadukoresha bashaka kumenya umwanzuro bakwiriye gufata. Badushyiraga mu mwenda cyangwa mu kindi gikoresho maze bakatuzunguza. Akagwaga hasi cyangwa ako bafatagamo ni ko kagaragazaga umwanzuro ugomba gufatwa. Inshuro nyinshi babikoraga babanje gusenga. Aho iryo jambo “ubufindo” rikoreshwa, ryaba rifashwe uko riri cyangwa ari mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo, riba ryerekeza ku “mugabane” umuntu agomba guhabwa.—Yos 14:2; Zab 16:5; Img 16:33; Mat 27:35.

• Ubugingo.

  Ijambo ryahinduwemo ubugingo mu Giheburayo ni neʹphesh naho mu Kigiriki ni psy·kheʹ. Iyo urebye uko ayo magambo akoreshwa muri Bibiliya ubona ko muri rusange aba yerekeza (1) ku bantu, (2) ku nyamaswa, (3) ku buzima bw’umuntu cyangwa ubw’inyamaswa (Int 1:20; 2:7; Kub 31:28; 1Pt 3:20). Mu buryo butandukanye n’uko inyandiko zivuga iby’iyobokamana nyinshi zikoresha ijambo “ubugingo,” Bibiliya igaragaza ko iyo amagambo neʹphesh cyangwa psy·kheʹ akoreshejwe ku biremwa byo ku isi, aba yerekeza ku bintu bifatika, umuntu abona kandi bishobora gupfa. Muri iyi Bibiliya ayo magambo yagiye akoreshwa hakurijwe icyo yerekezaho n’aho yakoreshejwe. Urugero hari ahakoreshejwe “ubuzima,” “ikiremwa,” “umuntu,” “umuntu wese uko yakabaye,” cyangwa wenda hagakoreshwa ngenga (urugero ahagombaga kuba “ubugingo bwanjye” hagakoreshwa “njyewe”). Hari igihe ibisobanuro byatangaga ubundi buryo iryo jambo “ubugingo” ryahindurwamo. Iyo ijambo “ubugingo” rikoreshejwe mu mwandiko cyangwa mu bisobanuro, riba rihuje n’ibyo bisobanuro bimaze kuvugwa. Iyo ryerekeza ku muntu ukora ikintu n’ubugingo bwe bwose biba bisobanura ko icyo kintu ari bugikore atizigamye kandi akagishyiraho umutima we wose (Gut 6:5; Mat 22:37). Ayo magambo “neʹphesh na psy·kheʹ,” hari aho akoreshwa yerekeza ku byifuzo by’ibiremwa bifite ubuzima. Ashobora no kwerekeza ku muntu wapfuye cyangwa umurambo.—Kub 6:6; Img 23:2; Yes 56:11; Hag 2:13.

• Ubuhakanyi.

  Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryahinduwemo ubuhakanyi ni “a·po·sta·siʹa.” Riva ku nshinga y’Ikigiriki isobanura “kwitandukanya.” Iryo jambo nanone risobanura “kureka cyangwa kwigomeka.” Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, ijambo “ubuhakanyi” rikoreshwa mbere na mbere ryerekeza ku bantu bitandukanyije n’ugusenga k’ukuri.—Img 11:9; Ibk 21:21; 2Ts 2:3.

• Ubuhanuzi.

  Ni ubutumwa bwaturukaga ku Mana. Bwitwaga ubuhanuzi iyo Imana yahishuriraga umuntu ibintu cyangwa umuntu akavuga ibyo Imana yamuhishuriye. Ubuhanuzi bushobora kuba burimo inyigisho y’ukuntu abantu bakwiriye kwitwara, amategeko Imana yifuza  ko bakurikiza cyangwa urubanza yabaciriye cyangwa se bukaba buvuga ikintu kizaba.—Ezk 37:9, 10; Dan 9:24; Mat 13:14; 2Pt 1:20, 21.

• U Bukaludaya; Abakaludaya.

  Kera iryo zina ryasobanuraga igihugu n’abantu bari batuye mu gace umugezi wa Tigre na Ufurate ihuriraramo; nyuma ayo magambo yagiye akoreshwa yerekeza kuri Babuloniya n’abaturage bayo. Nanone “Abakaludaya” bafatwaga nk’abantu bajijutse bize siyansi, amateka, indimi n’ubumenyi bw’ikirere, ariko bagakora ibikorwa by’ubumaji no kuragura bakoresheje inyenyeri.—Ezr 5:12; Dan 4:7; Ibk 7:4.

• U Buperesi; Abaperesi.

  Ni igihugu n’abaturage bikunze kuvugirwa rimwe n’Abamedi kandi bishobora kuba bifitanye isano. Amateka ya kera agaragaza ko Abaperesi bari batuye mu gace k’amajyepfo hafi y’uburengerazuba bwo mu kibaya kinini cyo muri Irani yo muri iki gihe. Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Kuro Mukuru (nk’uko bamwe mu banditsi ba kera b’amateka babivuga, papa we akaba yari Umuperesi naho mama we akaba Umumedi), Abaperesi baje kuba benshi cyane kurusha Abamedi, nubwo bakomeje kuba ubwami bumwe. Kuro yatsinze Babuloni mu mwaka wa 539 M.Y. maze yemerera Abayahudi bari barajyanywe ku ngufu gusubira mu gihugu cyabo. Ubwami bw’Abaperesi bwaheraga ku Ruzi rwa Indus mu burasirazuba, bukagera ku Nyanja ya Égée mu burengerazuba. Abayahudi bakomeje kuyoborwa n’ubutegetsi bw’Abaperesi kugeza igihe Alexandre le Grand yatsindiye Abaperesi mu mwaka wa 331 M.Y. Daniyeli yabonye ubwami bw’Abaperesi mu iyerekwa kandi ubwo bwami buvugwa mu gitabo cya Ezira, Nehemiya n’icya Esiteri (Ezr 1:1; Dan 5:28, 8:20).—Reba Umugereka wa B9.

• Ubupfumu.

  Ni ukwemera ko imyuka y’abantu bapfuye ikomeza kubaho iyo umubiri upfuye kandi ko bashobora kuvugana n’abantu bakiri bazima, cyane cyane binyuze ku muntu (umupfumu) ukoreshwa n’iyo myuka. Muri iyi Bibiliya ijambo ry’Ikigiriki rihindurwamo “kuraguza” n’“ubupfumu” ni phar·ma·kiʹa. Ubusanzwe iryo jambo ryasobanuraga gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge, ariko nyuma y’igihe ryakoreshejwe ryerekeza ku bupfumu kuko iyo abantu babujyagamo bakoreshaga ibiyobyabwenge bashaka kubona imbaraga ziturutse ku badayimoni kugira ngo bibafashe kuragura.—Gal 5:20; Ibh 21:8.

• Ubusambanyi.

  Ijambo “ubusambanyi” rituruka ku ijambo ry’Ikigiriki poruneyiya (porneia), rikaba ryerekeza ku mikoreshereze yʼibitsina imwe nʼimwe Imana itemera. Ubusambanyi bukubiyemo kugirana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’undi muntu utari uwo mwashakanye, imibonano mpuzabitsina ikozwe n’abantu batashyingiranywe, ubutinganyi cyangwa kugirana imibonano mpuzabitsina n’inyamaswa. Mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe, iryo jambo rikoreshwa mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo ryerekeza ku ndaya, ari na yo yitwa “Babuloni Ikomeye.” Biba byerekeza ku bikorwa amadini akora, yikundisha ku bategetsi b’iyi si kugira ngo agire imbaraga n’ubutunzi (Ibh 14:8; 17:2; 18:3; Mat 5:32; Ibk 15:29; Gal 5:19).—Reba ijambo INDAYA.

• Ubutumwa bwiza.

  Ni inkuru nziza yo mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo ivuga ku Bwami bw’Imana n’agakiza abantu bizera Yesu Kristo bazabona.—Luka 4:18, 43; Ibk 5:42; Ibh 14:6.

• Ubwami bw’Imana.

  Ayo magambo yumvikanisha ubutegetsi bw’Imana buyobowe n’umwami, akaba n’Umwana w’Imana, Yesu Kristo.—Mat 12:28; Luka 4:43; 1Kor 15:50.

• Udufuka tw’uruhu twa divayi.

  Ni ikintu cyabaga kimeze nk’icupa gikozwe mu ruhu rw’itungo, urugero nk’ihene cyangwa intama, bakagishyiramo divayi. Divayi yashyirwaga mu dufuka tukiri dushya, kuko iyo yabaga itangiye gushya yazanaga umwuka ugatuma utwo dufuka tubyimba. Iyo yashyirwaga mu dufuka dushaje, uwo mwuka waraduturitsaga.—Yos 9:4; Mat 9:17.

• Udukoresho two kuvana ibishirira ku rutambi.

  Ni ibikoresho byabaga bikoze muri zahabu, bishobora kuba byari bimeze nk’udufashi, byakoreshwaga mu rusengero.—Kuva 37:23.

• Ufite umudendezo; Uwabatuwe.

  Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bw’Abaroma, umuntu ufite umudendezo yabaga ari umuntu wavutse afite uwo mudendezo, akaba yari afite uburenganzira busesuye bwo kugira ubwenegihugu. Atandukanye n’umuntu wabatuwe, kuko yabaga yarakuwe mu bubata cyangwa mu bucakara. Iyo umuntu yavanwaga mu bubata mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, yahabwaga ubwenegihugu bw’Abaroma, ariko akaba atemerewe gukora akazi kajyanye na politike. Nanone ariko, iyo yavaga mu bubata bitanyuze mu nzira ziteganywa n’amategeko, ntiyabonaga uburenganzira bwose buhabwa umwenegihugu.—1Kor 7:22.

• Ufurate.

  Ni umugezi muremure cyane kandi ukomeye kuruta indi yose yo mu majyepfo ya Aziya, ukaba n’umwe mu migezi minini yo muri Mezopotamiya. Wavuzwe bwa mbere mu Ntangiriro 2:14, ari umwe mu migezi ine yo muri Edeni. Ukunze kwitwa “rwa Ruzi” (Int 31:21). Uwo mugezi ni wo wari umupaka wo mu majyaruguru y’igihugu cyahawe Abisirayeli (Int 15:18; Ibh 16:12).—Reba Umugereka wa B2.

• Ukomoka kuri Dawidi.

  Ni imvugo ikoreshwa kuri Yesu, ishaka gutsindagiriza ko ari we  wari kuragwa isezerano ry’Ubwami, Imana yari yaragiranye na Dawidi.—Mat 12:23; 21:9.

• Ukuhaba.

  Iri jambo rikoreshwa ahantu hamwe na hamwe mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, ryerekeza ku gihe Yesu yari kuba ahari ari Umwami. Icyo gihe cyatangiye ubwo yabaga Umwami utegeka mu buryo butagaragarira amaso, ari na cyo gihe cy’iminsi y’imperuka. Ukuhaba kwa Kristo si ukuza maze agahita agenda, ahubwo byerekeza ku gihe kirekire.—Mat 24:3.

• Umubabaro ukomeye.

  Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki risobanura “umubabaro” ryumvikanisha igitekerezo cyo kugira agahinda kenshi no kubabara cyane bitewe n’imimerere umuntu arimo. Yesu yavuze ibirebana n’“umubabaro” utari warigeze ubaho, wari kugera kuri Yerusalemu, ariko nanone nyuma ukaba wari kuzagera ku bantu igihe azaba aje “afite icyubahiro” (Mat 24:21, 29-31). Pawulo yavuze ko uwo mubabaro uzaba ari igikorwa gikiranuka Imana izakora, ihana “abatazi Imana n’abatumvira ubutumwa bwiza bwerekeye Umwami Yesu.” Mu Byahishuwe igice cya 19 hagaragaza ko Yesu ari we uzaba ayoboye ingabo zo mu ijuru, igihe zizaba zije kurimbura “ya nyamaswa y’inkazi n’abami bo mu isi n’ingabo zabo” (2Ts 1:6-8; Ibh 19:11-21). Bibiliya igaragaza ko “imbaga y’abantu benshi” izarokoka uwo mubabaro (Ibh 7:9, 14).—Reba ijambo HARIMAGEDONI.

• Umubatizo; Kubatiza.

  Iyo nshinga isobanura “kwibiza” cyangwa “kudubika mu mazi.” Yesu yavuze ko abigishwa be bagomba kubatizwa. Mu Byanditswe havugwamo umubatizo wa Yohana, kubatirisha umwuka wera, kubatirisha umuriro n’indi mibatizo.—Mat 3:11, 16; 28:19; Yoh 3:23; 1Pt 3:21.

• Umubavu.

  Ni ibintu bihumura bikomoka ku biti, batwika bikagenda byaka gahoro gahoro kandi bigatanga impumuro nziza. Umubavu wakoreshwaga mu rusengero no mu ihema ryo guhuriramo n’Imana, wabaga wihariye kandi wakorwaga mu bintu bine. Watwikwaga buri gitondo na buri mugoroba, ugatwikirwa ku gicaniro batwikiragaho umubavu cyabaga kiri Ahera. Nanone watwikwaga ku Munsi wo Kwiyunga n’Imana, ugatwikirwa Ahera Cyane. Wagereranyaga amasengesho yemewe y’abagaragu b’Imana b’indahemuka. Gutwika imibavu si itegeko ku Bakristo.—Kuva 30:34, 35; Lew 16:13; Ibh 5:8.

• Umubi.

  Ni imvugo ikoreshwa ishaka kuvuga Satani Umwanzi, urwanya Imana kandi akarwanya amahame yayo akiranuka.—Mat 6:13; 1Yh 5:19.

• Umubumbyi.

  Ni umuntu ukora ibibindi mu ibumba, ibisorori n’ibindi bikoresho. Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryahinduwemo umubumbyi, risobanura “umuntu ukora ibikoresho.” Ububasha umubumbyi afite ku ibumba, Bibiliya ikunze kubukoresha igaragaza ububasha bw’ikirenga Yehova afite ku bantu no ku mahanga.—Yes 64:8; Rom 9:21.

• Umucunguzi.

  Ni mwene wabo w’umuntu, wabaga afite uburenganzira bwo kugaruza icyari cyaragurishijwe. Mu gihe cy’Amategeko ya Mose, iyo Umwisirayeli yahuraga n’ibibazo bimukomereye, mwene wabo wa hafi yabaga afite inshingano yo kumufasha. Urugero, iyo umuntu yabaga ari umucakara, uwo mucunguzi yashoboraga kumugura akamuvana muri ubwo bucakara. Nanone uwo mucunguzi yashoboraga kongera kugura umutungo cyangwa umurage mwene wabo yabaga yaratakaje bitewe n’ibibazo by’ubukene (Lew 25:25-27, 47-54). Iryo jambo rinafite aho rihurira n’umuhango wakorwaga kera wo gushakana n’umugore wa mwene wanyu wasigaye ari umupfakazi, kugira ngo umuryango we udacika.—Rusi 4:7-10.

• Umugani.

  Ni amagambo y’ubwenge cyangwa inkuru ngufi yigisha isomo cyangwa igitekerezo cy’ukuri mu magambo make. Umugani wo muri Bibiliya ushobora kuba ari imvugo idahita yumvikanisha icyo ishaka kuvuga cyangwa igisakuzo. Umugani uba urimo ukuri kudaciye ku ruhande, ukavugwamo ibintu bigereranya ibindi. Imwe mu migani ikunze gukoreshwa, iyo abantu bashaka guseka abandi cyangwa bashaka kugaragaza ko babasuzuguye.—Umb 12:9; 2Pt 2:22.

• Umugenzuzi.

  Ni umuntu wabaga afite mbere na mbere inshingano yo kwita ku bagize itorero no kubayobora. Ibisobanuro by’ibanze by’iryo jambo bikomoka ku ijambo ry’Ikigiriki e·piʹsko·pos, ni ukurinda no kuyobora. Amagambo “umugenzuzi” n’“umusaza” (pre·sbyʹte·ros) yerekeza ku nshingano imwe mu itorero, ijambo “umusaza” rikaba rikoreshwa ryumvikanisha ko uwahawe iyo nshingano akuze kandi afite imico myiza, naho “umugenzuzi” bikumvikanisha ibyo akora.—Ibk 20:28; 1Tm 3:2-7; 1Pt 5:2.

• Umugogo.

  Ikintu gitambitse bashyiraga ku bitugu by’umuntu, agashyira imitwaro ku mpande zacyo zombi, cyangwa igiti gitambitse cyangwa se ikadire bashyiraga ku ijosi ry’amatungo maremare abiri akurura ibintu (ubusanzwe yabaga ari inka) kugira ngo akurure igikoresho cy’ubuhinzi cyangwa igare. Kubera ko abagaragu bakoreshaga imigogo kugira ngo batware imizigo iremereye, ijambo umugogo ryakoreshwaga mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo rishaka gusobanura ubucakara cyangwa  gukoreshwa n’undi muntu, gukandamizwa cyangwa kubabazwa. Kuvanaho umuntu umugogo cyangwa kuvuna umugogo byasobanuraga kubona umudendezo, kudakomeza gukandamizwa cyangwa kudakomeza gukorera abandi.—Lew 26:13; Mat 11:29, 30.

• Umuhanuzi.

  Ni umuntu Imana yamenyeshaga imigambi yayo. Abahanuzi babaga ari abavugizi b’Imana, bakavuga ibintu bizaba, inyigisho za Yehova, amategeko n’imanza ze.—Amo 3:7; 2Pt 1:21.

• Umuheburayo.

  Ni ijambo ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere kuri Aburamu (Aburahamu) kugira ngo rimutandukanye n’abaturanyi be b’Abamori. Nyuma yaho ryagiye rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku bakomoka kuri Aburahamu, ni ukuvuga abakomotse ku mwuzukuru we Yakobo; ururimi rwabo na rwo rwitwaga Igiheburayo. Igihe Yesu yari hano ku isi, ururimi rw’Igiheburayo rwari rwarinjiyemo amagambo menshi y’Icyarameyi kandi Kristo n’abigishwa be bavugaga urwo rurimi.—Int 14:13; Kuva 5:3; Ibk 26:14.

• Umuhigo.

  Ni amagambo umuntu abwira Imana ayisezeranya gukora ikintu runaka, ko azatanga ituro cyangwa impano, ko azakora umurimo runaka cyangwa avuga ko azirinda ibintu runaka ubusanzwe bitabujijwe n’amategeko. Umuhigo wagiraga agaciro nk’ak’indahiro.—Kub 6:2; Umb 5:4; Mat 5:33.

• Umuhumetso.

  Ni umugozi w’uruhu cyangwa ukozwe mu mitsi y’inyamaswa, mu bwoya bw’inyamaswa cyangwa mu byatsi bikomeye. Hagati habaga ari hanini, bagashyiramo icyo bagiye gutera, akenshi cyabaga ari ibuye. Umuntu yafataga umutwe umwe w’uwo mugozi akawuzirika ku kiganza cyangwa ku kuboko, undi akawufata mu ntoki, akaba ari na wo arekura amaze kuzunguza umuhumetso. Mu ntwaro ibihugu bya kera byakoreshaga, habaga harimo n’imihumetso.—Abc 20:16; 1Sm 17:50.

• Umuhunda.

  Ni inkoni ndende ifite umutwe usongoye, abahinzi bakoreshaga bayobora amatungo. Umuhunda ugereranywa n’amagambo y’umunyabwenge, atuma uyumva akurikiza inama zihuje n’ubwenge. “Gutera imigeri ku mihunda” bivugwa mu gihe ikimasa cyangaga kuyoborwa hakoreshejwe umuhunda, bikakiviramo kwikomeretsa.—Ibk 26:14; Abc 3:31.

• Umuhuza.

  Ni umuntu ujya hagati y’impande ebyiri kugira ngo azihuze. Bibiliya igaragaza ko Mose na Yesu ari abahuza b’isezerano ry’Amategeko n’isezerano rishya.—Gal 3:19; 1Tm 2:5.

• Umujyi wa Dawidi.

  Ni izina ryiswe umujyi w’Abayebusi, Dawidi amaze kuwufata maze ahubaka inzu ye y’umwami. Nanone witwa Siyoni. Uwo mujyi wari uri mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Yerusalemu, akaba ari cyo gice cyari kimaze igihe kinini kurusha ibindi.—2Sm 5:7; 1Ng 11:4, 5.

• Umukono.

  Ni igipimo cy’uburebure kireshya no guhera mu nkokora ukageza ku mutwe w’urutoki rusumba izindi. Abisirayeli bakundaga gukoresha umukono ureshya na santimetero zigera kuri 44,5 ariko bashoboraga no gukoresha umukono muremure kurushaho, wareshyaga n’intambwe y’ikiganza, ni ukuvuga santimetero zigera kuri 51,8 (Int 6:15; Luka 12:25).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Umukozi w’itorero.

  Ayo magambo akomoka ku ijambo ry’Ikigiriki (di·aʹko·nos) akunze guhindurwamo ngo: “Umukozi” cyangwa “umugaragu.” Amagambo “Umukozi w’itorero” yerekeza ku muntu ufasha inteko y’abasaza yo mu itorero. Kugira ngo ahabwe iyo nshingano, hari ibintu bishingiye ku mahame yo muri Bibiliya agomba kuba yujuje.—1Tm 3:8-10, 12.

• Umukristo.

  Ni izina Imana yahaye abigishwa ba Yesu Kristo.—Ibk 11:26; 26:28.

• Umukuru w’abatambyi.

  Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo amagambo “abakuru b’abatambyi,” yerekeza ku batambyi babaga bakomeye kurusha abandi, muri abo hakaba hari harimo abari abatambyi bakuru n’abari bahagarariye amatsinda 24 y’abatambyi.—2Ng 26:20; Ezr 7:5; Mat 2:4; Mar 8:31.

• Umumarayika mukuru.

  Bisobanura “umukuru w’abamarayika.” Muri Bibiliya, ijambo ryahinduwemo “umumarayika mukuru,” rikoreshwa mu bumwe, bikaba bigaragaza ko hariho umumarayika mukuru umwe gusa. Bibiliya ivuga ko uwo mumarayika mukuru yitwa Mikayeli.—Dan 12:1; Yuda 9; Ibh 12:7.

• Umunaziri.

  Ni ijambo ryavanywe mu Giheburayo risobanura “uwatoranyijwe”, “uweguriwe Imana” n’“uwatandukanyijwe n’abandi.” Hari ubwoko bubiri bw’Abanaziri, ni ukuvuga ababyiyemeje n’abashyizweho n’Imana. Umugabo cyangwa umugore yashoboraga guhigira Yehova umuhigo udasanzwe wo kumara igihe runaka ari Umunaziri. Abantu biyemeje kuba Abanaziri hari ibintu bitatu babaga babujijwe: Ntibagombaga kunywa inzoga cyangwa kurya ikintu cyose cyakozwe mu mizabibu, ntibagombaga kwiyogoshesha kandi ntibagombaga gukora ku murambo. Abanaziri bashyizweho n’Imana, bagombaga kuba Abanaziri ubuzima bwabo bwose kandi Yehova ni we washyiragaho ibyo basabwa.—Kub 6:2-7; Abc 13:5.

• Umunsi Mukuru w’Imigati Itarimo Umusemburo.

  Mu minsi mikuru itatu ikomeye yabaga buri mwaka muri Isirayeli, uwo ni wo wari uw’ingenzi  kurusha indi yose. Wabaga ku itariki ya 15 Nisani, ku munsi wakurikiraga Pasika, kandi wamaraga iminsi irindwi. Kuri uwo munsi baryaga imigati itarimo umusemburo gusa, kugira ngo bibuke ko bavuye muri Egiputa.—Kuva 23:15; Mar 14:1.

• Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando.

  Nanone witwaga Umunsi Mukuru w’Isarura. Wabaga kuva ku itariki ya 15-21 mu kwezi kwa Etanimu. Bizihizaga isarura ryo mu mpera z’umwaka w’ubuhinzi muri Isirayeli kandi cyabaga ari igihe cyo kwishima no gushimira Yehova kuko yabaga yarabafashije imyaka yabo ikera. Iyo abantu bizihizaga uwo munsi mukuru, babaga mu tuzu tw’ibyatsi no mu tuzu dusakaye tudafite inkuta, kugira ngo biyibutse ko bavuye muri Egiputa. Ni umwe mu minsi mikuru itatu, abagabo basabwaga kujya i Yerusalemu kwizihiza.—Lew 23:34; Ezr 3:4.

• Umunsi Mukuru wo Gusarura; Umunsi Mukuru w’Ibyumweru.—

  Reba ijambo PENTEKOTE.

• Umunsi mukuru wo gutaha urusengero.

  Ni umunsi mukuru wabaga buri mwaka kugira ngo beze urusengero. Babaga bibuka uko rwandujwe na Antiochus Épiphane. Uwo munsi mukuru wabaga ku itariki ya 25 z’ukwezi kwa Kisilevu, ukamara iminsi umunani.—Yoh 10:22.

• Umunsi ukwezi kwagaragayeho.

  Ni umunsi wa mbere wa buri kwezi, kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi. Kuri uwo munsi Abisirayeli bahuriraga hamwe, bakigomwa kurya no kunywa kandi bagatanga amaturo yihariye. Nyuma uwo munsi waje kuba umunsi mukuru ku rwego rw’igihugu, ku buryo kuri uwo munsi nta kazi kakorwaga.—Kub 10:10; 2Ng 8:13; Kol 2:16.

• Umunsi wo Kwitegura.

  Wabaga ari umunsi wabanzirizaga Isabato, ukaba ari wo munsi Abayahudi bakoragaho imirimo yo kwitegura Isabato. Uwo munsi warangiraga izuba rirenze ku munsi twita ku wa Gatanu muri iki gihe, akaba ari na cyo gihe Isabato yatangiraga. Umunsi w’Abayahudi watangiraga ku mugoroba ukageza ku mugoroba w’undi munsi.—Mar 15:42; Luka 23:54.

• Umunsi wo Kwiyunga n’Imana.

  Ni umunsi w’ingenzi cyane kandi wera ku Bisirayeli, nanone witwaga “Yom Kippur” (bikomoka ku Giheburayo yohm hak·kip·pu·rimʹ, bisobanura “umunsi wo gutwikira”), wabaga ku itariki ya 10 z’ukwezi kwa Etanimu. Ni wo munsi wonyine mu mwaka umutambyi mukuru yinjiraga Ahera Cyane mu ihema cyangwa mu rusengero. Aho ni ho yatangiraga amaraso y’igitambo cy’ibyaha bye, ibyaha by’abandi Balewi n’ibyaha by’abaturage. Wabaga ari umunsi w’iteraniro ryera no kwigomwa kurya no kunywa kandi wabaga ari isabato, ku buryo nta kazi gasanzwe kakorwaga kuri uwo munsi.—Lew 23:27, 28.

• Umunsi w’Urubanza.

  Ni umunsi cyangwa igihe, Imana izabaza itsinda runaka ry’abantu, ibihugu cyangwa abantu muri rusange ibyo bakoze. Gishobora kuba ari igihe abazakatirwa urwo gupfa bazicirwa, cyangwa bamwe bagahabwa uburyo bwo kurokoka bakabona ubuzima bw’iteka. Yesu Kristo n’abigishwa be bavuze kuri uwo “Munsi w’Urubanza” uzaba mu gihe kiri imbere. Uzaba ureba abantu bazima n’abazaba barapfuye.—Mat 12:36.

• Umunyanazareti.

  Uko ni ko abantu bitaga Yesu, bitewe n’uko yakomokaga mu mujyi wa Nazareti. Iryo jambo rishobora kuba rifitanye isano n’ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryakoreshejwe muri Yesaya 11:1 risobanura ‘ishami ryashibutse’ ku giti. Iryo zina ryaje no guhabwa abigishwa ba Yesu.—Mat 2:23; Ibk 24:5.

• Umupfumu.

  Ni umuntu wiyemerera ko afite ubushobozi bwo kuvuga ibizaba mu gihe kiri imbere. Hari n’abandi bavugwa muri Bibiliya bakora nka we, urugero nk’abatambyi bakora iby’ubumaji n’abaragura bakoresheje inyenyeri.—Lew 19:31; Gut 18:11; Ibk 16:16.

• Umupfundikizo wo kwiyunga n’Imana.

  Ni umupfundikizo w’isanduku y’isezerano. Umutambyi mukuru yahagararaga imbere yawo ku Munsi wo Kwiyunga n’Imana, akawutonyangirizaho amaraso. Mu Giheburayo iryo jambo rikomoka ku nshinga isobanura “gutwikira (icyaha)” cyangwa “guhanagura (icyaha).” Uwo mupfundikizo wabaga ukoze muri zahabu ikomeye, uriho abakerubi babiri, bari ku mpera zombi zawo. Rimwe na rimwe witwa “umupfundikizo” gusa (Kuva 25:17-22; 1Ng 28:11; Heb 9:5).—Reba Umugereka wa B5.

• Umurama.

  Ni udushishwa tuva ku binyampeke mu gihe cyo kubihura no kubigosora. Iryo jambo rikoreshwa mu mvugo y’ikigereranyo, rishaka kumvikanisha ikintu kidafite akamaro kandi kidakenewe.—Zab 1:4; Mat 3:12.

• Umurimo wera.

  Ni akazi cyangwa umurimo wera, urebana n’ibyo umuntu akorera Imana.—Rom 12:1; Ibh 7:15.

• Umurinzi.

  Ni umuntu urinda abantu cyangwa ibintu, cyane cyane ari nijoro, maze yabona ikintu gishobora guteza akaga akavuza intabaza. Akenshi abarinzi babaga bahagaze ku nkuta z’imijyi no mu minara kugira ngo barebe abaza mbere y’uko begera umujyi. Iryo jambo ryakoreshwaga no mu gisirikare. Mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo, abahanuzi na bo babaga ari abarinzi ba Isirayeli, bakamenyesha abantu ko irimbuka ryegereje.—2Bm 9:20; Ezk 3:17.

• Umusemburo.

  Ni ibintu bongeraga mu ifu bamaze guponda cyangwa mu binyobwa  kugira ngo bishye; bafataga bike ku bintu bamaze gusembura bakabikoresha ku byo bifuza gusembura. Iryo jambo rikoreshwa kenshi muri Bibiliya rishaka kumvikanisha icyaha no kwangirika. Nanone rikoreshwa rigaragaza ikintu kiba abantu batabibona kandi kigakwirakwira cyane.—Kuva 12:20; Mat 13:33; Gal 5:9.

• Umushitsi.

  Ni umuntu uvuga ko avugana n’abapfuye.—Lew 20:27; Gut 18:10-12; 2Bm 21:6.

• Umusoro.

  Ni ibintu umuyobozi (cyangwa igihugu) yishyuraga undi bikaba ikimenyetso kigaragaza ko amugandukira kugira ngo bakomeze kubana amahoro kandi amurinde (2Bm 3:4; 18:14-16; 2Ng 17:11). Nanone iryo jambo rikoreshwa rivuga umusoro umuturage wese yasabwaga.—Neh 5:4; Rom 13:7.

• Umutambyi.

  Ni umuntu wabaga ahagarariye Imana, akigisha abantu ashinzwe kwitaho ibirebana n’Imana n’amategeko yayo. Nanone abatambyi bahuzaga Imana n’abantu, bakabatambira ibitambo kandi bakabasabira imbabazi ku Mana. Mbere y’uko Amategeko ya Mose atangwa, umutware w’umuryango yabaga ari umutambyi mu muryango we. Mu gihe cy’Amategeko ya Mose, abagabo bo mu muryango wa Aroni, bakomokaga mu muryango wa Lewi ni bo bari abatambyi. Abandi bo mu muryango wa Lewi basigaye, barabafashaga. Igihe isezerano rishya ryatangizwaga, Isirayeli yo mu buryo bw’umwuka ni yo yabaye ishyanga ry’abatambyi, Yesu Kristo akaba ari we wabaye Umutambyi Mukuru.—Kuva 28:41; Heb 9:24; Ibh 5:10.

• Umutambyi mukuru.

  Mu gihe cy’amategeko ya Mose, uwo yabaga ari umutambyi wabaga afite umwanya wo hejuru, agahagararira abaturage imbere y’Imana kandi akagenzura ibikorwa by’abandi batambyi (2Ng 26:20; Ezr 7:5). Ni we wenyine wabaga yemerewe kwinjira Ahera Cyane, ni ukuvuga mu cyumba cy’imbere cyane cyo mu ihema n’icyo mu rusengero rwaje kubakwa nyuma. Ibyo byabaga rimwe mu mwaka ku Munsi wo Kwiyunga n’Imana. Nanone Bibiliya ivuga ko Yesu Kristo ari “umutambyi mukuru.”—Lew 16:2, 17; 21:10; Mat 26:3; Heb 4:14.

• Umutwe w’inkingi.

  Ni umutako wabaga uri hejuru ku nkingi. Hari imitwe minini yabaga hejuru ku nkingi ebyiri, ari zo Yakini na Bowazi, zari ziri imbere y’urusengero rwa Salomo (1Bm 7:16).—Reba Umugereka wa B8.

• Umuyahudi.

  Ni izina ryahabwaga umuntu wo mu muryango wa Yuda, nyuma yo gukurwaho k’ubwami bwari bugizwe n’imiryango icumi ya Isirayeli (2Bm 16:6). Nyuma yo kujyanwa i Babuloni ku ngufu, iryo zina ryahawe Abisirayeli bose bagarutse muri Isirayeli, hatitawe ku muryango bakomokamo (Ezr 4:12). Nanone ryagiye rikoreshwa hirya no hino ku isi, ari uburyo bwo gutandukanya Abisirayeli n’Abanyamahanga (Est 3:6). Intumwa Pawulo inakoresha iryo jambo mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo, yumvikanisha ko ubwenegihugu bw’umuntu butamutandukanya n’abandi mu itorero rya gikristo.—Rom 2:28, 29; Gal 3:28.

• Umuyobozi.

  Yabaga ari guverineri mukuru w’intara yayoborwaga na Sena y’Abaroma. Yabaga afite ububasha ku bacamanza no ku basirikare. Nubwo ibyo yakoraga byagombaga kugenzurwa na Sena, ni we wabaga ari umuyobozi mukuru w’intara.—Ibk 13:7; 18:12.

• Umuyobozi Mukuru.

  Ijambo ry’Ikigiriki rikoreshwa aha risobanura “umuyobozi uhagarariye abandi.” Ryerekeza ku nshingano ikomeye Yesu Kristo afite yo gukiza abantu b’indahemuka, ingaruka ziterwa n’icyaha zituma bapfa hanyuma agatuma bazabona ubuzima bw’iteka.—Ibk 3:15; 5:31; Heb 2:10; 12:2.

• Umuyobozi w’abaririmbyi.

  Ni izina rikoreshwa muri Zaburi, mu rurimi rw’Igiheburayo risobanura umuntu wapangaga indirimbo, akanayobora ibijyanye no kuziririmba no kuzitoza Abalewi b’abaririmbyi mu gihe habaga habaye nk’ibirori. Hari Bibiliya zimwe na zimwe zagiye zikoresha ijambo “uhagarariye abaririmbyi” cyangwa “umukuru w’abaririmbyi.”—Zab 4:Amagambo abanza; 5:Amagambo abanza.

• Umuzingo.

  Cyabaga ari ikintu kimeze nk’urupapuro gikozwe mu ruhu cyangwa mu rufunzo, cyanditseho ku mpande. Bakundaga kukizingira ku nkoni. Kubera ko mu gihe cya Bibiliya nta bitabo byabagaho, kwandika Ibyanditswe byakorerwaga ku mizingo kandi ni na ho byandukurwaga.—Yer 36:4, 18, 23; Luka 4:17-20; 2Tm 4:13.

• Umuzuko.

  Ni ukongera kuba muzima. Mu Kigiriki ijambo a·naʹsta·sis risobanura “guhaguruka; guhagarara.” Muri Bibiliya harimo inkuru icyenda zivuga abantu bazutse, harimo na Yesu wazuwe na Yehova Imana. Nubwo hari abandi bantu bazuwe na Eliya, Elisa, Yesu, Petero na Pawulo, imbaraga z’Imana ni zo zatumye bakora ibyo bitangaza. Kugira ngo umugambi w’Imana usohore, ni ngombwa ko habaho ‘umuzuko w’abakiranutsi n’abakiranirwa’ (Ibk 24:15). Nanone Bibiliya ivuga ko hari abazazukira kuba mu ijuru. Uwo muzuko witwa ‘umuzuko wa mbere’ kandi ureba abavandimwe ba Yesu basutsweho umwuka.—Flp 3:11; Ibh 20:5, 6; Yoh 5:28, 29; 11:25.

• Umwamikazi wo mu Ijuru.

  Ni izina ry’imanakazi Abisirayeli b’abahakanyi basengaga mu gihe cya Yeremiya. Hari abavuga ko  iyo yari imanakazi y’Abanyababuloni yitwaga Ishitari (Asitarite). Abasumeri bari bafite indi mana nk’iyo basengaga kera yitwaga Inana, bisobanura “Umwamikazi wo mu Ijuru.” Nanone bavugaga ko yari imanakazi ituma babyara. Muri Egiputa hari inyandiko ivuga ko Asitarite ari “Umugore wo mu ijuru.”—Yer 44:19.

• Umwana w’umuntu.

  Ni imvugo iboneka mu Mavanjiri inshuro zigera kuri 80. Yerekeza kuri Yesu Kristo kandi igaragaza ko kuba yaravukiye hano ku isi afite umubiri, byatumye aba umuntu aho kuba ikiremwa cy’umwuka cyiyambitse umubiri usanzwe. Nanone iyo mvugo igaragaza ko Yesu yari gusohoza ubuhanuzi buvugwa muri Daniyeli 7:13, 14. Mu Byanditswe by’Igiheburayo, iyo mvugo yakoreshejwe muri Ezekiyeli no muri Daniyeli, igaragaza aho abo bagabo basanzwe batandukaniye n’Uwabahaga ubutumwa batangazaga.—Ezk 3:17; Dan 8:17; Mat 19:28; 20:28.

• Umwanditsi.

  Ni umuntu wabaga ashinzwe kwandukura Ibyanditswe by’Igiheburayo. Igihe Yesu yazaga ku isi, iryo jambo ryakoreshwaga rishaka kuvuga itsinda ry’abantu bari abahanga mu Mategeko ya Mose. Abo bantu barwanyije Yesu.—Ezr 7:6, ibisobanuro; Mar 12:38, 39; 14:1.

• Umwuka.

  Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ruʹach n’iry’Ikigiriki pneuʹma, akunze guhindurwamo “umwuka,” afite ibisobanuro byinshi. Ayo magambo yose yerekeza ku kintu abantu badashobora kubona, ariko imbaraga zacyo zikagaragarira mu byo gikora. Amagambo y’Igiheburayo n’Ikigiriki ahindurwamo umwuka, ashobora kwerekeza ku (1) muyaga, (2) imbaraga zikoresha ibiremwa byo ku isi, (3) imbaraga zituruka mu mutima w’ikigereranyo w’umuntu zigatuma avuga cyangwa akora ibintu runaka, (4) amagambo yahumetswe aturuka ahantu hatagaragara, (5) ibiremwa by’umwuka, na (6) imbaraga Imana ikoresha cyangwa umwuka wera.—Kuva 35:21; Zab 104:29; Mat 12:43; Luka 11:13.

• Umwuka wera.

  Ni imbaraga zitagaragara Imana ikoresha kugira ngo ibyo ishaka bikorwe. Impamvu izo mbaraga zitwa umwuka wera, ni ukubera ko uturuka kuri Yehova, Imana itanduye kandi akaba akiranuka ku rwego rwo hejuru. Indi mpamvu ni uko uwo mwuka awukoresha kugira ngo akore ibintu byera.—Luka 1:35; Ibk 1:8.

• Urimu na Tumimu.

  Ni ibintu umutambyi mukuru yakoreshaga kugira ngo amenye imyanzuro ituruka ku Mana, mu gihe habaga hari ikibazo cyavutse kireba Abisirayeli bose kandi hakenewe igisubizo giturutse kuri Yehova. Yakoreshaga Urimu na Tumimu nk’uko bakora ubufindo. Iyo umutambyi mukuru yinjiraga mu ihema ryo guhuriramo n’Imana, yatwaraga Urimu na Tumimu mu gitambaro yabaga yambaye mu gituza. Uko bigaragara Urimu na Tumimu ntibyakomeje gukoreshwa nyuma y’uko Abanyababuloni barimbuye Yerusalemu.—Kuva 28:30; Neh 7:65.

• Urubingo.

  Ni izina ry’ibimera bitandukanye bikunze kwera ahantu hari amazi. Urubingo ruvugwa muri Bibiliya ni urwo mu bwoko bwa Arundo donax (Yobu 8:11; Yes 42:3; Mat 27:29; Ibh 11:1).—Reba amagambo URUBINGO BAPIMISHA.

• Urubingo rwo gupimisha.

  Urwo rubingo rwabaga rufite uburebure bw’imikono itandatu. Hashingiwe ku burebure bw’umukono usanzwe, urwo rubingo rwabaga rufite uburebure bwa metero 2,67; naho hakurikijwe uburebure bw’umukono muremure, urwo rubingo rukagira uburebure bwa metero 3,11 (Ezk 40:3, 5; Ibh 11:1).—Reba Umugereka wa B14.

• Urufunzo.

  Ni ibyatsi bimera mu mazi bakoresha baboha ibiseke, ibitebo n’ubwato. Banabikoragamo ibintu byo kwandikaho bimeze nk’impapuro kandi byakorwagamo imizingo.—Kuva 2:3.

• Urugo; Imbuga.

  Ni ahantu habaga hazitiye hari hakikije ihema Abisirayeli basengeragamo. Nyuma yaho iryo jambo ryerekezaga ku hantu hari hakikije urusengero hanazitiwe n’inkuta. Igicaniro cyatambirwagaho ibitambo bitwikwa n’umuriro cyabaga mu rugo rw’ihema no mu rugo rw’imbere rw’urusengero. (Reba Umugereka wa B5, B8 n’uwa B11.) Muri Bibiliya iryo jambo rinakoreshwa rishaka kuvuga imbuga zo mu ngo zisanzwe cyangwa ingo z’abami.—Kuva 8:13; 27:9; 1Bm 7:12; Est 4:11; Mat 26:3.

• Uruhu.

  Ni uruhu rw’intama, ihene cyangwa inyana batunganyaga ku buryo bashoboraga kurwandikaho. Rwarakomeraga kuruta urufunzo kandi rwakorwagamo imizingo ya Bibiliya. Birashoboka ko impu Pawulo yasabye Timoteyo kumuzanira, zari zanditseho Ibyanditswe by’Igiheburayo. Imwe mu mizingo yavumbuwe mu Nyanja y’Umunyu yari ikozwe mu mpu.—2Tm 4:13.

• Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Abayahudi.

  Rwabaga i Yerusalemu. Mu gihe cya Yesu rwari rugizwe n’abantu 71, harimo umutambyi mukuru n’abantu bigeze kuba abatambyi bakuru, abo mu miryango y’abatambyi bakuru, abasaza, abakuru b’imiryango ya Isirayeli n’abatware b’imiryango hamwe n’abanditsi.—Mar 15:1; Ibk 5:34; 23:1, 6.

• Urukundo rudahemuka.

  Iryo jambo akenshi rihindurwa rivanywe ku ijambo ry’Igiheburayo (cheʹsedh) risobanura urukundo rurimo  kwiyemeza, ubudahemuka, kudacogora no kwizirika ku kintu cyangwa umuntu. Iryo jambo rikunda gukoreshwa ryerekeza ku rukundo Imana ikunda abantu n’urukundo abantu bakundana.—Kuva 34:6; Rusi 3:10.

• Urusengero.

  Ubusanzwe ni ahantu hera hatoranyijwe ngo abantu bajye bahasengera. Inshuro nyinshi ariko, iryo jambo ryumvikanisha urusengero rwari rwubatse i Yerusalemu rwasimbuye ihema ryimukanwaga Abisirayeli basengeragamo. Urusengero rwa mbere rwubatswe na Salomo kandi rwashenywe n’Abanyababuloni. Urusengero rwa kabiri rwubatswe na Zerubabeli Abisirayeli bamaze kuva i Babuloni kandi rwaje kongera kubakwa na Herode Mukuru. Muri Bibiliya, urusengero rukunze kwitwa gusa “inzu ya Yehova” (Ezr 1:3; 6:14, 15; 1Ng 29:1; 2Ng 2:4; Mat 24:1). Nanone iryo jambo rikoreshwa rishaka kuvuga aho Imana iba mu ijuru (Kuva 25:8, 9; 2Bm 10:25; 1Ng 28:10; Ibh 11:19).—Reba Umugereka wa B8 n’uwa B11.

• Usebanya.

  Ni izina rikoreshwa mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo ryerekeza kuri Satani. Yitwa “usebanya” kuko ari we urusha abandi bose gusebya Yehova kandi akavuga ibinyoma kuri Yehova, ku ijambo rye no ku izina rye ryera.—Mat 4:1; Yoh 8:44; Ibh 12:9.

• Uwasutsweho amavuta.

  Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryahinduwemo “uwasutsweho amavuta” mbere na mbere risobanura “gusuka ikintu.” Gusuka amavuta ku kintu cyangwa ku muntu, byabaga bisobanura ko uwo muntu cyangwa icyo kintu bizakoreshwa mu murimo wihariye. Mu Byanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, iryo jambo nanone rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku gusuka umwuka wera ku bantu batoranyijwe, bagahabwa ibyiringiro byo kuzaba mu ijuru.—Kuva 28:41; 1Sam 16:13; 2Kor 1:21.

Y

• Yakobo.

  Ni umuhungu wa Isaka na Rebeka. Nyuma Imana yaje kumwita Isirayeli kandi yaje gukomokwaho n’Abisirayeli (nanone baje kwitwa Abayahudi). Ni we wabyaye abahungu 12, ari na bo nyuma baje kuba imiryango 12, bo n’ababakomotseho. Yakobo yakomeje kwitirirwa igihugu n’Abisirayeli.—Int 32:28; Mat 22:32.

• Yedutuni.

  Ni ijambo rifite ibisobanuro bitazwi neza, riboneka mu magambo abanza ya Zaburi ya 39, iya 62 n’iya 77. Uko bigaragara, ayo magambo yabaga ari amabwiriza avuga uko bari bucurange iyo zaburi, wenda bavuga injyana yayo cyangwa igikoresho bari bukoreshe bayicuranga. Nanone hari Umulewi wari uzi iby’umuziki, witwaga Yedutuni. Birashoboka ko we cyangwa abamukomokagaho, baba barabitiriye iyo njyana cyangwa igikoresho cy’umuziki bakoreshaga bayicuranga.

• Yehova.

  Uko ni ko ururimi rw’Ikinyarwanda rwandika inyuguti enye z’Igiheburayo zigize izina ry’Imana, rigaragara inshuro zirenga 7.000 muri iyi Bibiliya.—Reba Umugereka wa A4 n’uwa A5.

• Yubile.

  Ni buri mwaka wa 50, ubarwa uhereye igihe Abisirayeli bagereye mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano. Mu mwaka wa Yubile, ubutaka bwararuhukaga ntibuhingwe kandi Abisirayeli babaga bagomba kurekura abagaragu b’Abaheburayo. Iyo umuntu yabaga yaragurishije umurage we, muri uwo mwaka yarawusubizwaga. Twavuga ko umwaka wa Yubile, wose wabaga ari ibirori, umwaka w’umudendezo, ni ukuvuga igihe cyatumaga Abisirayeli bongera kumererwa neza nka mbere igihe Imana yabagiraga abantu bayo.—Lew 25:10.

• Yuda.

  Ni umuhungu wa kane mu bo Yakobo yabyaranye n’umugore we Leya. Mu buhanuzi Yakobo yavuze ari hafi gupfa, yavuze ko umwami ukomeye kandi uhoraho yari gukomoka mu muryango wa Yuda. Igihe Yesu yavukiraga hano ku isi, ababyeyi be bakomokaga mu muryango wa Yuda. Nanone iryo zina ryagiye rikoreshwa ryerekeza ku muryango wa Yuda no ku bwami bwo mu majyepfo. Ubwo bwami bwari bugizwe n’Abisirayeli bakomoka mu muryango wa Yuda n’uwa Benyamini, abatambyi n’Abalewi. Abakomoka kuri Yuda, bari batuye mu majyepfo y’igihugu, aho Yerusalemu n’urusengero byari biri.—Int 29:35; 49:10; 1Bm 4:20; Heb 7:14.

Z

• Zaburi.

  Ni indirimbo yo gusingiza Imana. Zaburi zabaga ari indirimbo zaririmbwaga n’abantu basenga Imana. Zanakoreshwaga muri gahunda zo gusenga Yehova, zaberaga mu rusengero rwe i Yerusalemu.—Luka 20:42; Ibk 13:33; Yak 5:13.

• Zewu.

  Ni imana nkuru Abagiriki basengaga. Igihe Barinaba yari i Lusitira abantu bagize ngo ni Zewu. Hari inyandiko za kera zavumbuwe hafi y’i Lusitira ziriho amagambo avuga ngo: “Abatambyi ba Zewu” n’“imana y’izuba Zewu.” Ubwato Pawulo yari arimo avuye ku kirwa cya Malita, ikimenyetso cyabwo cyari “Abana ba Zewu,” ni ukuvuga abahungu b’impanga ari bo Castor na Pollux.—Ibk 14:12; 28:11.

• Zivu.

  Ni izina ry’ukwezi kwa kabiri kuri kalendari y’Abayahudi, kukaba kwari ukwezi kwa munani kuri kalendari yari isanzwe. Kwatangiraga hagati mu kwezi kwa Mata kukageza hagati mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi. Mu gitabo cyitwa Talmud kirimo amategeko y’Abayahudi no mu zindi nyandiko zanditswe Abisirayeli bamaze kujyanwa i Babuloni, uko kwezi kwitwa Iyari (1Bm 6:37).—Reba Umugereka wa B15.