Icyo abahanga benshi babivugaho. Ingirabuzimafatizo zose ziri mu matsinda abiri y’ingenzi. Hari izifite intimatima n’izitayifite. Ingirabuzimafatizo z’umuntu, iz’inyamaswa n’iz’ibimera zigira intimatima. Iza bagiteri zo ntiziyigira. Ingirabuzimafatizo zigira intimatima zitwa ekariyote naho izitayifite zo zikitwa porokariyote. Hari abantu benshi batekereza ko ingirabuzimafatizo z’inyamaswa n’iz’ibimera zagiye zihinduriza ziturutse mu ngirabuzimafatizo za bagiteri, kuko usanga iza bagiteri ziba zoroheje uzigereranyije n’iz’inyamaswa n’iz’ibimera.

 Mu by’ukuri hari abantu benshi bigisha ko mu myaka ibarirwa muri za miriyoni ishize, hari ingirabuzimafatizo zoroheje zitagira intimatima zamize izindi ngirabuzimafatizo ariko ntizazigogora. Abigisha iyo nyigisho bavuga ko ikirere kitagira ubwenge ari cyo cyatumye izo ngirabuzimafatizo zamizwe zihindura imikorere kandi zigakomeza kubana neza n’izazimize mu gihe izo zazimize zigabanyamo kabiri.⁹ *

Bibiliya yo ibivugaho iki? Ivuga ko hari umuhanga watangije ubuzima hano ku isi. Dore igitekerezo cyumvikana neza kandi gishyize mu gaciro Bibiliya itanga. Igira iti: “Birumvikana ko inzu yose igira uyubaka ariko uwubatse ibintu byose ni Imana” (Abaheburayo 3:4). Nanone hari undi murongo ugira uti: “Yehova, mbega ukuntu imirimo yawe ari myinshi! Yose wayikoranye ubwenge. Isi yuzuye ibikorwa byawe . . . Irimo ibinyabuzima bitagira ingano biyigendamo byaba ibito ndetse n’ibinini.”—Zaburi 104:24, 25.

None se ibimenyetso bigaragaza iki? Iterambere mu bijyanye n’ibinyabuzima ryatumye abahanga bamenya ibintu bitangaje bibera imbere mu ngirabuzimafatizo zoroheje zizwi kugeza ubu, zitagira intimatima. Abigisha ubwihindurize bavuga ko ingirabuzimafatizo za mbere zigomba kuba zari zimeze nk’izo.¹⁰

Niba inyigisho y’ubwihindurize ari ukuri, yagombye gutanga ibisobanuro byumvikana neza bigaragaza ukuntu ingirabuzimafatizo ya mbere “yoroheje” yabayeho mu buryo bw’impanuka. Ariko noneho niba ubuzima bwararemwe, hagombye kuba hariho ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko n’ibinyabuzima bito cyane kuruta ibindi byaremanywe ubuhanga buhambaye. Reka noneho tubanze tugenzure imiterere y’ingirabuzimafatizo itagira intimatima. Mu gihe turi bube tuyigenzura, wibaze niba bishoboka ko yaba yarabayeho mu buryo bw’impanuka.

Kugira ngo utembere mu ngirabuzimafatizo itagira intimatima, byagusaba kwigira muto cyane ukangana n’akadomo gasoza iyi nteruro ukagabanyijemo inshuro zibarirwa mu magana. Icyakora kuyinjiramo ntibyakorohera kuko ikikijwe n’agahu gakomeye kameze nk’igipangu cy’amatafari kizengurutse uruganda. Umubyimba w’ako gahu ungana n’umubyimba w’urupapuro uwugabanyijemo inshuro hafi 10.000. Icyakora nubwo bimeze bityo ako gahu gakoranywe ubuhanga buruta ubw’urukuta rw’amatafari. Mu buhe buryo?

Kimwe n’igipangu kirinze uruganda, ako gahu gakumira ibintu bishobora kwangiza iyo ngirabuzimafatizo. Icyakora gatuma ihumeka, kuko gatuma za morekire nto, urugero nk’iza ogisijeni, zinjira kandi zigasohoka. Ariko nanone gakumira za morekire zishobora kwangiza ingirabuzimafatizo kandi kagatangira za morekire z’ingirakamaro kugira ngo zidasohoka mu ngirabuzimafatizo. None se ako gahu kabikora gate?

Ongera utekereze ku ruganda. Ruba rufite abashinzwe umutekano bagenzura ibyinjira mu ruganda n’ibisohokamo. Agahu k’ingirabuzimafatizo na ko karimo za poroteyine  zihariye zikora nk’inzugi cyangwa abashinzwe umutekano.

Zimwe muri izo poroteyine (1) ziba zifite umwenge unyuramo za morekire z’ubwoko bwihariye zinjira cyangwa zisohoka mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Izindi poroteyine zigize agahu k’ingirabuzimafatizo ziba zifunze ku ruhande rumwe (2) ku rundi ruhande zifunguye. Nanone ziba zifite (3) aho zakirira ibintu. Iyo ibyo bintu bije urundi ruhande rurafungura maze ibyo bintu bikinjira mu gahu k’ingirabuzimafatizo (4). Ibi byose tuvuze rero bibera ku gahu k’ingirabuzimafatizo yitwa ko yoroheje kuruta izindi zose.

Reka tuvuge noneho ko “abashinzwe umutekano” bakuretse ukinjira ukagera imbere mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Imbere mu ngirabuzimafatizo itagira intimatima haba harimo ibintu bimeze nk’urusukume bikungahaye ku ntungamubiri, imyunyu n’ibindi. Ibyo rero ni byo iheraho igakora ibindi ikeneye kandi ibyo bintu ikabikora kuri gahunda. Kimwe n’uruganda rukora neza, ingirabuzimafatizo na yo ipanga ibintu byo mu rwego rwa shimi bibarirwa mu bihumbi kugira ngo bijye bikorwa kuri gahunda yagenwe no mu gihe cyagenwe.

Nanone ingirabuzimafatizo imara igihe kinini ikora za poroteyine. Izikora ite? Irabanza igakora ibintu bigera kuri 20 izifashisha ikora za poroteyine, byitwa aside amine. Iyo ibirangije ibyohereza muri ribozome (5) twagereranya n’imashini yikoresha ipanga za aside amine kuri gahunda yihariye bitewe n’ubwoko bwa poroteyine igiye gukora. Kimwe n’uko mu ruganda hashobora kuba harimo porogaramu ya mudasobwa igenzura ibikorerwa mu ruganda byose, ibyinshi mu bikorerwa mu ngirabuzimafatizo na byo bigenzurwa n’icyo twagereranya na porogaramu ya mudasobwa cyangwa kode yitwa ADN (6). ADN yohereza muri ribozome kopi y’amabwiriza ayibwira poroteyine runaka igomba gukorwa n’uko igomba gukorwa (7).

Ibikurikiraho rero iyo poroteyine itangiye gukorwa, byo birarenze! Buri poroteyine irihina igafata isura yihariye (8). Iyo sura ni yo igena icyo izakora. * Ngaho tekereza mu ruganda ahantu bateranyiriza moteri. Buri gace ka moteri kagomba kuba karakozwe neza kitondewe kugira ngo moteri ikore neza.  Mu buryo nk’ubwo iyo poroteyine idafite isura ikwiriye ntishobora gukora neza akazi kayo kandi ishobora no kwangiza ingirabuzimafatizo.

None se poroteyine ibwirwa n’iki inzira iri bunyuremo iva aho ikorewe ijya aho ikenewe? Buri poroteyine ingirabuzimafatizo ikoze, iba irimo agasanduku ka aderesi gatuma igera aho ikenewe. Nubwo buri munota haba hakozwe za poroteyine zibarirwa mu bihumbi kandi zikoherezwa aho zikwiriye kujya, buri poroteyine igera aho igomba kujya itayobye.

Kuki kumenya ibi ari iby’ingenzi? Morekire zihambaye zo mu ngirabuzimafatizo yoroheje cyane, ntizishobora kwigabanyamo izindi nyinshi ziri zonyine. Iyo ziri inyuma y’ingirabuzimafatizo zirapfa. Iyo ziri imbere mu ngirabuzimafatizo zishobora kwigabanyamo izindi nyinshi ari uko gusa zibifashijwemo n’izindi morekire zihambaye. Urugero, imisemburo iba ikenewe kugira ngo hakorwe morekire zihariye zitanga ingufu zitwa ATP, ariko nanone ATP iba ikenewe kugira ngo imisemburo ikorwe. Nanone ADN tuzasuzuma mu gice cya 3, iba ikenewe kugira ngo imisemburo ikorwe ariko nanone imisemburo na yo iba ikenewe kugira ngo ADN ikorwe. Nanone hari izindi poroteyine zikorwa gusa n’ingirabuzimafatizo, ariko iyo  ngirabuzimafatizo na yo ikaba ishobora gukorwa gusa n’izo poroteyine. *

Umuhanga mu by’ibinyabuzima witwa Radu Popa ntiyemera inyigisho ya Bibiliya ivuga iby’irema. Nyamara mu mwaka wa 2004 yarabajije ati: “Ni gute ikirere cyashoboye gukora ubuzima kandi twe byaratunaniye nubwo dufite za raboratwari zihambaye?”¹³ Nanone yaravuze ati: “Urebye ukuntu ibintu bikorerwa mu ngirabuzimafatizo bihambaye biragoye kuvuga ko byabayeho mu buryo bw’impanuka.”¹⁴

Ubitekerezaho iki? Abigisha ubwihindurize bagerageza kutwumvisha ko ubuzima bwabayeho ku isi Imana itabigizemo uruhare. Ariko uko abahanga bagenda bavumbura ibintu byinshi ku bijyanye n’imiterere y’ubuzima, birushaho kugaragara ko ubuzima budashobora kuba bwarabayeho mu buryo bw’impanuka. Hari abahanga bemera inyigisho y’ubwihindurize bagerageza kwihunza icyo kibazo bakagaragaza ko inyigisho y’ubwihindurize ntaho ihuriye n’inkomoko y’ubuzima. Ariko se wowe urumva ibyo bihwitse?

Inyigisho y’ubwihindurize ivuga ko hari ibintu by’uruhererekane byabayeho mu buryo bw’impanuka bigatuma ubuzima butangira hano ku isi. Hanyuma ivuga ko hari ibindi bintu byabayeho mu buryo bw’impanuka bigatuma habaho ibinyabuzima bitandukanye kandi bihambaye. None se niba iyo nyigisho idafite urufatiro ruhamye, byagenda bite ku zindi nyigisho ziyishamikiyeho? Ubwo rero nk’uko inzu y’umuturirwa idafite urufatiro ruhamye yahirima, n’inyigisho y’ubwihindurize idashobora gusobanura aho ubuzima bwaturutse yasenyuka.

Ese nyuma yo gusuzuma muri make uko ingirabuzimafatizo yoroheje iteye n’uko ikora, ni iki wavuga? Ese ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko yabayeho mu buryo bw’impanuka cyangwa hari umunyabwenge wayihanze? Niba ibimenyetso tumaze gusuzuma bitakunyuze, genzura witonze “porogaramu y’ingenzi” igenga ibikorerwa mu ngirabuzimafatizo zose.