1-3. (a) Ni ikihe kibazo cyavutse mu itorero rya gikristo ryo mu kinyejana cya mbere cyashoboraga kuricamo ibice? (b) Gusuzuma iyo nkuru yo mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe byatumarira iki?

 PAWULO na Barinaba bari bagarutse mu mugi wa Antiyokiya ya Siriya bishimye, bavuye mu rugendo rwabo rwa mbere rw’ubumisiyonari. Bari bashimishijwe n’uko Yehova “yari yaratumye abanyamahanga bizera” (Ibyak 14:26, 27). Koko rero, ubutumwa bwiza bwabwirizwaga muri Antiyokiya kandi “abantu benshi” bo mu banyamahanga bazaga muri iryo torero.—Ibyak 11:20-26.

² Ayo makuru ashishikaje y’uko kwiyongera yahise agera i Yudaya. Ariko aho kugira ngo bishimishe abantu bose, byagaragaje ko ikibazo cyo gukebwa cyari gikomeye cyane. Abayahudi n’Abanyamahanga bizeye bari kubana bate, kandi se Abanyamahanga bagombaga kubona bate Amategeko ya Mose? Icyo kibazo cyatumye batavuga rumwe kandi cyaje gukomera ku buryo itorero rya gikristo ryari rigiye gucikamo ibice. Cyari gukemuka gite?

³ Mu gihe turi bube dusuzuma iyo nkuru iri mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe, turi bubonemo amasomo menshi y’ingenzi. Ayo masomo ashobora kudufasha gufata imyanzuro ihuje n’ubwenge mu gihe havutse ibibazo bishobora kuducamo ibice muri iki gihe.

4. Ni ibihe bitekerezo bidakwiriye bamwe mu Bakristo b’Abayahudi bashyiraga imbere, kandi se byatumye havuka ibihe bibazo?

⁴ Umwigishwa Luka yaranditse ati ‘nuko abantu bamwe baza [muri Antiyokiya] baturutse i Yudaya batangira kwigisha abavandimwe bati “nimudakebwa nk’uko biri mu mategeko ya Mose, ntimushobora gukizwa”’ (Ibyak 15:1). Bibiliya ntivuga niba abo ‘bantu bamwe’ bari Abafarisayo mbere y’uko baba Abakristo. Ariko uko byaba bimeze kose, biragaragara ko imitekerereze y’ako gatsiko k’Abayahudi bizirikaga ku mategeko yari yarabagizeho ingaruka. Nanone bashobora kuba baremezaga ko bavugaga mu izina ry’intumwa n’abasaza b’i Yerusalemu (Ibyak 15:23, 24). None se kuki Abayahudi bizeye bari bagishyigikiye ibyo gukebwa, kandi hari hashize imyaka 13 Imana itegetse intumwa Petero kwemerera Abanyamahanga batakebwe kuza mu itorero rya gikristo? a—Ibyak 10:24-29, 44-48.

5, 6. (a) Kuki bamwe mu Bakristo b’Abayahudi bari bagikomeye ku mugenzo wo gukebwa? (b) Ese isezerano ryo gukebwa ryari mu isezerano rya Aburahamu? Sobanura. (Reba ibisobanuro hasi ku ipaji.)

 ⁵ Impamvu zabibateraga zishobora kuba zari nyinshi. Impamvu imwe ni uko Yehova ubwe ari we wari warategetse ko abagabo bakebwa, kandi byari ikimenyetso cy’ubucuti bwihariye bari bafitanye na we. Gukebwa byatangiranye na Aburahamu n’abo mu rugo rwe mbere y’uko isezerano ry’Amategeko ritangwa, ariko na nyuma yaho byakomeje kuba muri iryo sezerano (Lewi 12:2, 3). b Mu gihe cy’Amategeko ya Mose, abanyamahanga bagombaga kubanza gukebwa kugira ngo bagire ibintu bimwe na bimwe bemererwa, urugero nko kurya kuri Pasika (Kuva 12:43, 44, 48, 49). Koko rero, Abayahudi batekerezaga ko umuntu utarakebwe yabaga ahumanye, kandi ko bakwiriye kumunena.—Yes 52:1.

⁶ Bityo rero, byasabaga ko Abayahudi bahindutse Abakristo bagira ukwizera kandi bakicisha bugufi, kugira ngo bahuze n’uko kuri kwari kumaze guhishurwa. Isezerano ry’Amategeko ryari ryarasimbujwe isezerano rishya. Ubwo rero, kuvuka umuntu ari Umuyahudi ntibyahitaga bimugira umwe mu bagize ubwoko bw’Imana. Kandi ku Bakristo b’Abayahudi babaga mu turere dutuwe n’Abayahudi, nk’uko byari bimeze ku Bakristo b’i Yudaya, byabasabaga kugira ubutwari kugira ngo batangaze ko bemera Kristo kandi bemere ko Abanyamahanga batakebwe ari bagenzi babo bahuje ukwizera.—Yer 31:31-33; Luka 22:20.

7. Ni ukuhe kuri “abantu bamwe” batasobanukiwe?

⁷ Birumvikana ariko ko amahame y’Imana atari yarahindutse. Ikibigaragaza ni uko isezerano rishya ryarimo amahame yabonekaga mu Mategeko ya Mose (Mat 22:36-40). Urugero, nyuma yaho Pawulo yanditse ku bihereranye no gukebwa agira ati “Umuyahudi ni uri we imbere, kandi gukebwa kwe ni uko mu mutima binyuze ku mwuka, bidaturutse ku mategeko yanditswe” (Rom 2:29; Guteg 10:16). ‘Abantu bamwe’ baturutse i Yudaya ntibasobanukiwe uko kuri. Ahubwo bemezaga ko Imana itigeze ikuraho itegeko ryo gukebwa. Ese bari kwemera kuva ku izima bagahindura imitekerereze?

8. Kuki ikibazo cyo gukebwa cyashyikirijwe inteko nyobozi y’i Yerusalemu?

⁸ Luka akomeza agira ati “ibyo bituma Pawulo na Barinaba batumvikana [n’abo ‘bantu bamwe’], kandi bajya impaka nyinshi. Abavandimwe bemeza ko Pawulo na Barinaba n’abandi bo muri bo bajya i Yerusalemu ku ntumwa n’abasaza, kugira ngo babagishe inama kuri icyo kibazo” (Ibyak 15:2). c Uko ‘kutumvikana no kujya  impaka nyinshi’ byagaragazaga ko impande zombi zari zitsimbaraye ku byo zemeraga kandi zibikomeyeho, ku buryo itorero ryo muri Antiyokiya ritashoboraga gukemura icyo kibazo. Kugira ngo itorero rikomeze kubumbatira amahoro n’ubumwe, ryagaragaje ubwenge maze rigeza icyo kibazo ku “ntumwa n’abasaza” b’i Yerusalemu bari bagize inteko nyobozi. Ni irihe somo twavana ku basaza bo muri Antiyokiya?

9, 10. Ni mu buhe buryo abavandimwe bo muri Antiyokiya hamwe na Pawulo na Barinaba badusigiye urugero rwiza muri iki gihe?

⁹ Isomo ry’ingenzi tubigiraho ni uko tugomba kwiringira umuryango wa Yehova. Zirikana ibi bikurikira: abavandimwe bo muri Antiyokiya bari bazi ko inteko nyobozi yari igizwe n’Abakristo b’Abayahudi gusa. Nyamara biringiye ko iyo nteko nyobozi yashoboraga gukemura ikibazo cyo gukebwa ihuje n’Ibyanditswe. Babitewe n’iki? Iryo torero ryiringiraga ko Yehova yari kuyobora ibintu akoresheje umwuka we wera n’Umutware w’itorero rya gikristo, ari we Yesu Kristo (Mat 28:18, 20; Efe 1:22, 23). Mu gihe havutse ibibazo bikomeye muri iki gihe, nimucyo tujye twigana urugero rwiza twasigiwe n’Abakristo bo muri Antiyokiya, twiringire umuryango wa Yehova n’Inteko Nyobozi yawo igizwe n’Abakristo basutsweho umwuka.

¹⁰ Nanone twibutswa akamaro ko kwicisha bugufi no kwihangana. Pawulo na Barinaba bari barashyizweho n’umwuka wera kugira ngo bajye kubwiriza abanyamahanga, nyamara ntibigeze bashaka gukoresha ubwo butware mu gukemura ikibazo kirebana no gukebwa cyari cyavutse muri Antiyokiya (Ibyak 13:2, 3). Byongeye kandi, nyuma yaho Pawulo yaranditse ati ‘nagiye [i Yerusalemu] bitewe n’ibyo nahishuriwe,’ ibyo bikaba bigaragaza ko Imana yamuyoboraga (Gal 2:2). Muri iki gihe, abasaza bihatira kugaragaza imyifatire nk’iyo yo kwicisha bugufi no kwihangana iyo havutse ibibazo bishobora kuzana amacakubiri. Aho gushyamirana, biringira Yehova bakagenzura Ibyanditswe n’amabwiriza n’ubuyobozi biba byaratanzwe n’umugaragu wizerwa.—Fili 2:2, 3.

11, 12. Kuki ari ngombwa gutegereza Yehova?

 ¹¹ Hari igihe biba ngombwa ko dutegereza ko Yehova adufasha gusobanukirwa neza ikibazo runaka. Ibuka ko mbere yuko akemura ikibazo kirebana no gukebwa kw’Abanyamahanga, abavandimwe bo mu gihe cya Pawulo bategereje kugeza mu mwaka wa 49, ni ukuvuga imyaka 13 uhereye igihe Koruneliyo yasukiweho umwuka wera mu mwaka wa 36. Kuki hashize igihe kingana gityo? Birashoboka ko Imana yifuzaga guha igihe gihagije Abayahudi b’imitima itaryarya, kugira ngo bashobore kwakira iryo hinduka rikomeye mu birebana n’uko babonaga ibintu. N’ubundi kandi, gusesa isezerano ryo gukebwa ryari rimaze imyaka 1.900 rihawe sekuruza Aburahamu bakundaga cyane, ntibyari byoroshye.—Yoh 16:12.

¹² Mbega ukuntu dufite imigisha yo kuba twigishwa kandi tukabumbwa na Data wo mu ijuru ugwa neza kandi wihangana! Ibyo buri gihe bigira ingaruka nziza kandi ni twe bigirira akamaro (Yes 48:17, 18; 64:8). Ku bw’ibyo rero, nimucyo twe kuzigera na rimwe twemera ko ubwibone butuma dutsimbarara ku bitekerezo byacu, cyangwa ngo twakire nabi ihinduka riba mu muryango wa Yehova cyangwa ibisobanuro bishya bitanzwe ku mirongo imwe y’Ibyanditswe (Umubw 7:8). Niba nawe ubona ko ukunda gutsimbarara ku bitekerezo byawe, jya usenga usaba ubuyobozi kandi utekereze ku mahame ahuje n’igihe aboneka mu gice cya 15 cy’igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe? d

13. Twagaragaza dute ko twigana umuco wa Yehova wo kwihangana mu gihe dukora umurimo wo kubwiriza?

¹³ Bishobora kuba ngombwa ko twihangana, mu gihe twigana Bibiliya n’abantu basa naho bananiwe kureka imyizerere y’ibinyoma bakomeyeho, cyangwa imigenzo idashingiye ku Byanditswe. Mu bihe nk’ibyo, bishobora kuba ngombwa ko tureka hagashira igihe gishyize mu gaciro, kugira ngo umwuka w’Imana ukorere mu mutima w’umwigishwa (1 Kor 3:6, 7). Nanone byaba byiza icyo kibazo tugishyize mu isengesho. Uko byagenda kose, mu gihe gikwiriye Imana izadufasha kumenya icyo dukwiriye gukora.—1 Yoh 5:14.

14, 15. Ni mu buhe buryo itorero ryo muri Antiyokiya ryagaragarije Pawulo na Barinaba n’abo bari kumwe icyubahiro, kandi se ni mu buhe buryo na bo bateye inkunga bagenzi babo bari bahuje ukwizera?

¹⁴ Luka akomeza inkuru ye agira ati “nuko abagize itorero bamaze guherekeza abo bagabo, bakomeza urugendo rwabo banyura i Foyinike n’i Samariya, bababwira mu buryo burambuye ukuntu abanyamahanga bahindutse abigishwa. Ibyo byatumaga abavandimwe bose bagira ibyishimo byinshi” (Ibyak 15:3). Kuba itorero ryaraherekeje Pawulo, Barinaba n’abo bari kumwe, cyari ikimenyetso cy’urukundo rwa gikristo cyagaragazaga ko itorero ribubashye kandi ko ribifuriza imigisha y’Imana. Nanone urwo ni urugero rwiza abavandimwe bo muri Antiyokiya badusigiye. Mbese wubaha abavandimwe na bashiki bacu duhuje ukwizera, ‘cyane  cyane [abasaza] bakorana umwete bavuga kandi bakigisha ijambo ry’Imana’?—1 Tim 5:17.

¹⁵ Aho abo bagenzi banyuze hose, bagiye batera inkunga Abakristo bagenzi babo b’i Foyinike n’i Samariya bababwira “mu buryo burambuye” inkuru ziteye inkunga zihereranye n’umurimo wakorewe mu Banyamahanga. Mu bari babateze amatwi hashobora kuba harimo n’Abayahudi bizeye, bari barahungiye muri utwo turere Sitefano amaze kwicwa azira ukwizera kwe. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, muri iki gihe inkuru z’ukuntu Yehova aduha imigisha mu murimo wo guhindura abantu abigishwa zitera inkunga abavandimwe bacu, cyane cyane ababa bahanganye n’ibigeragezo. Mbese wungukirwa mu buryo bwuzuye n’izo nkuru, ujya mu materaniro, amakoraniro kandi ugasoma inkuru z’ibyabaye mu mibereho y’abantu zisohoka mu bitabo byacu, byaba ibicapye cyangwa ibiboneka kuri jw.org?

16. Ni iki kigaragaza ko ikibazo cyo gukebwa cyari cyarafashe indi ntera?

¹⁶ Izo ntumwa zari ziturutse muri Antiyokiya zakoze urugendo rw’ibirometero bigera kuri 550, zigera aho zajyaga. Luka yaranditse ati “bageze i Yerusalemu, abagize itorero, intumwa n’abasaza babakira babishimiye, maze bababwira ibintu byinshi Imana yari yarakoze ibinyujije kuri bo” (Ibyak 15:4). Icyakora, ‘bamwe bo mu gatsiko k’idini ry’Abafarisayo bari barizeye, baravuga bati “bagomba gukebwa kandi bagategekwa kubahiriza amategeko ya Mose”’ (Ibyak 15:5). Uko bigaragara, ikibazo cy’uko Abakristo batari Abayahudi bagombaga gukebwa cyari cyarafashe indi ntera, kandi cyagombaga gukemurwa.

17. Ni ba nde bari bagize inteko nyobozi y’i Yerusalemu, kandi se kuki “abasaza” na bo barimo?

¹⁷ Mu Migani 13:10 hagira hati “ubwenge bufitwe n’abajya inama.” Mu buryo buhuje n’iryo hame rishyize mu gaciro, ‘intumwa n’abasaza bateraniye hamwe kugira ngo basuzume icyo kibazo’ cyo gukebwa (Ibyak 15:6). “Intumwa n’abasaza” bari bahagarariye itorero ryose rya gikristo, nk’uko bimeze ku Nteko Nyobozi yo muri iki gihe. Kuki “abasaza” bakoranaga n’intumwa? Ibuka ko intumwa Yakobo yari yarishwe, kandi hakaba harashize igihe runaka intumwa Petero na we afunzwe. Ese izindi ntumwa na zo zari kuzahura n’ibibazo nk’ibyo? Kuba hari abandi bagabo  bujuje ibisabwa basutsweho umwuka, byari gutuma itorero rikomeza kuyoborwa kuri gahunda.

18, 19. Ni ayahe magambo afite imbaraga Petero yavuze, kandi se ni uwuhe mwanzuro abari bamuteze amatwi bagomba kuba baragezeho?

¹⁸ Luka akomeza agira ati “bamaze kubijyaho impaka cyane, Petero arahaguruka arababwira ati: ‘Bavandimwe, muzi neza ko uhereye mu minsi ya mbere, Imana yantoranyije muri mwe, kugira ngo binyuze kuri njye abanyamahanga bumve ubutumwa bwiza kandi bizere. Imana imenya ibiri mu mitima, yagaragaje ko ibemera ibaha umwuka wera, nk’uko natwe yawuduhaye. Nta tandukaniro na rimwe yigeze ishyiraho hagati yacu na bo, ahubwo yabababariye ibyaha byabo kandi ituma bagira umutima ukeye bitewe n’uko bizeye’” (Ibyak 15:7-9). Nk’uko igitabo kimwe kibivuga, ijambo ry’ikigiriki ryahinduwemo ‘kujya impaka’ mu murongo wa 7, nanone ryumvikanisha igitekerezo cyo “gushaka,” cyangwa “kubaza.” Uko bigaragara, abavandimwe bari bafite ibitekerezo bivuye ku mutima batandukaniyeho, kandi babivugaga beruye.

¹⁹ Amagambo ya Petero afite imbaraga, yibukije abari aho bose ko we ubwe yari ahibereye igihe Abanyamahanga ba mbere batakebwe, ari bo Koruneliyo n’abo mu rugo rwe, basukwagaho umwuka wera mu mwaka wa 36. None se ko Yehova yari yararetse gushyira itandukaniro hagati y’Abayahudi n’abatari Abayahudi, abantu bari bafite ububasha bungana iki bwatuma bakora ibinyuranye n’ibyo? Byongeye kandi, umutima w’umuntu wizera wezwa n’uko yizera Kristo, ntiwezwa n’uko akurikiza Amategeko ya Mose.—Gal 2:16.

20. Ni mu buhe buryo abari bashyigikiye ibyo gukebwa ‘bageragezaga Imana’?

²⁰ Petero ashingiye ku buhamya butavuguruzwa bw’Ijambo ry’Imana n’umwuka wera, yatanze umwanzuro ugira uti “none se ni iki gituma mugerageza Imana, mukikoreza abavandimwe umutwaro ba sogokuruza ndetse natwe ubwacu tutashoboye kwikorera? Ibyo si byo rwose! Ahubwo twiringiye ko tuzakizwa biturutse ku neza ihebuje y’Umwami Yesu kandi na bo barayigiriwe” (Ibyak 15:10, 11). Mu by’ukuri, abari bashyigikiye ibyo gukebwa ‘bageragezaga Imana’ cyangwa nk’uko ubundi buhinduzi bubivuga, ‘bageragezaga ukwihangana kwayo.’ Bageragezaga guhatira Abanyamahanga gukurikiza amategeko n’Abayahudi ubwabo bari barananiwe kumvira yose uko yakabaye, bityo akaba yarabaciragaho iteka ryo gupfa (Gal 3:10). Aho gushyigikira ibyo gukebwa, Abayahudi bari bateze Petero amatwi bagombaga gushimira Imana ku bw’ubuntu butagereranywa yabagiriye binyuze kuri Yesu.

21. Ni uruhe ruhare Barinaba na Pawulo bagize mu biganiro?

²¹ Uko bigaragara, amagambo ya Petero yakoze ku mutima abari bamuteze amatwi, kubera ko ‘abari aho bose babyumvise bagaceceka.’ Nyuma yaho, Barinaba na Pawulo babatekerereje “ibimenyetso byinshi n’ibitangaza Imana yakoreye mu banyamahanga ibibanyujijeho” (Ibyak 15:12). Icyo gihe rero, intumwa n’abasaza bashoboraga gusuzuma ibimenyetso byose maze bagafata umwanzuro uhuje neza n’ibyo Imana ishaka ku kibazo cyo gukebwa.

22-24. (a) Ni mu buhe buryo Inteko Nyobozi yo muri iki gihe ikurikiza icyitegererezo cy’inteko nyobozi yo mu kinyejana cya mbere? (b) Abasaza bose bagaragaza bate ko bubaha ubutware bwashyizweho na Yehova?

 ²² No muri iki gihe, iyo abagize Inteko Nyobozi bateranye, bashakira ubuyobozi mu Ijambo ry’Imana kandi bagasenga bashyizeho umwete basaba umwuka wera (Zab 119:105; Mat 7:7-11). Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, buri wese mu bagize Inteko Nyobozi ahabwa mbere y’igihe urutonde rw’ibizasuzumwa kugira ngo abitekerezeho abishyire no mu isengesho (Imig 15:28). Iyo bageze mu nama, abo bavandimwe basutsweho umwuka bagaragaza ibitekerezo byabo bisanzuye kandi mu kinyabupfura. Bakoresha cyane Bibiliya mu biganiro byose bagira.

²³ Abasaza b’itorero na bo bagomba kwigana urugero rwabo. Niba abasaza bamaze kuganira mu nama yabo hakaba hari ikibazo gikomeye kitabonewe umuti, inteko y’abasaza ishobora kugisha inama ibiro by’ishami cyangwa ababihagarariye, urugero nk’abagenzuzi b’uturere. Mu gihe bibaye ngombwa, ibiro by’ishami bishobora kwandikira Inteko Nyobozi.

²⁴ Koko rero, Yehova aha imigisha abantu bubaha gahunda Imana yashyizeho kandi bakagaragaza umuco wo kwicisha bugufi, ubudahemuka no kwihangana. Nk’uko tuzabibona mu gice gikurikira, ingororano Imana iduha iyo tubigenje dutyo, ni uko tugira amahoro nyakuri, tukagira amajyambere mu buryo bw’umwuka kandi tukabumbatira ubumwe bwa gikristo.