1-3. (a) Kuki intumwa zajyanywe imbere y’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Abayahudi, kandi se mu by’ukuri ikibazo cyari ikihe? (b) Kuki dushishikazwa cyane no kumenya uko ntumwa zitwaye?

 ABACAMANZA b’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Abayahudi bagendaga barushaho kurakara. Intumwa za Yesu zari zihagaze imbere y’urwo rukiko zicirwa urubanza. Zari zakoze iki? Umutambyi mukuru Yozefu Kayafa, ari na we wari umukuru w’urwo rukiko, yababwiranye uburakari ati “twabategetse ko mudakomeza kwigisha muri iryo zina.” Kayafa yari yarakaye cyane ku buryo yanze no kuvuga izina rya Yesu. Yakomeje agira ati “nyamara mwujuje i Yerusalemu inyigisho zanyu, kandi mwiyemeje kudushinja urupfu rw’uwo muntu” (Ibyak 5:28). Ubutumwa bwe bwarumvikanaga neza: mureke kubwiriza, nibitaba ibyo murahanwa.

² Intumwa zari kubyifatamo zite? Inshingano yo kubwiriza zari zarayihawe na Yesu, wari warahawe ubutware n’Imana (Mat 28:18-20). Mbese intumwa zari kugwa mu mutego wo gutinya abantu zikemera guceceka, cyangwa zari kugira ubutwari bwo gushikama zigakomeza kubwiriza? Mu by’ukuri, ikibazo cyari iki: “ese bari kumvira Imana cyangwa bari kumvira umuntu?” Petero ntiyatindiganyije, ahubwo yahise avuga mu izina ry’intumwa zose. Yavuze ashize amanga, avuga amagambo asobanutse.

³ Kubera ko turi Abakristo b’ukuri, dushishikazwa cyane no kumenya uko intumwa zitwaye igihe abagize Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Abayahudi bazikangaga. Inshingano yo kubwiriza natwe iratureba. Mu gihe dusohoza iyo nshingano twahawe n’Imana, natwe dushobora guhura n’abaturwanya (Mat 10:22). Abaturwanya bashobora kugerageza kubangamira umurimo wacu cyangwa kuwuhagarika. Tuzabyifatamo dute? Gusuzuma uko intumwa zitwaye n’imimerere yatumye zizanwa imbere y’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Abayahudi, bishobora kutugirira akamaro. a

4, 5. Kuki Kayafa n’Abasadukayo ‘bagize ishyari ryinshi’?

⁴ Wibuke ko igihe bategekaga Petero na Yohana ngo bareke kubwiriza, bashubije bati “ntidushobora kureka kuvuga ibyo twabonye kandi  twumvise” (Ibyak 4:20). Petero na Yohana bamaze kuva imbere y’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Abayahudi, bo n’izindi ntumwa bakomeje kubwiriza mu rusengero. Izo ntumwa zakoze ibitangaza, nko gukiza abarwayi no kwirukana abadayimoni. Ibyo babikoreye “ku ibaraza rya Salomo,” hakaba hari ahantu hatwikiriye mu ruhande rw’iburasirazuba rw’urusengero, aho Abayahudi benshi bateraniraga. Ndetse n’igicucu cya Petero cyakizaga abantu. Benshi mu bakijijwe mu buryo bw’umubiri bakiriye neza amagambo akiza mu buryo bw’umwuka. Ibyo byatumye ‘abagabo n’abagore benshi bakomeza kwizera Umwami bakaba abigishwa.’—Ibyak 5:12-15.

⁵ Kayafa n’agatsiko k’idini ry’Abasadukayo yari arimo, ‘baje bafite ishyari ryinshi’ maze bashyira intumwa muri gereza (Ibyak 5:17, 18). Kuki Abasadukayo barakaye cyane? Intumwa zigishaga ko Yesu yari yarazutse, kandi Abasadukayo ntibemeraga umuzuko. Intumwa zavugaga ko kwizera Yesu ari byo byonyine bishobora gutuma umuntu abona agakiza, ariko Abasadukayo bo batinyaga ko Abaroma bari kubamerera nabi iyo abaturage bemera ko Yesu ari Umuyobozi wabo (Yoh 11:48). Ntibitangaje rero kuba Abasadukayo bari biyemeje gucecekesha intumwa.

6. Muri iki gihe ni ba nde batuma abagaragu ba Yehova bagerwaho n’ibitotezo, kandi se kuki bitagombye kudutangaza?

⁶ No muri iki gihe, abanyamadini ni bo ba batuma tugerwaho n’ibitotezo. Abo banyamadini bagerageza gukoresha ububasha bafite ku bayobozi ba za leta ndetse n’itangazamakuru kugira ngo bahagarike umurimo wacu wo kubwiriza. Mbese ibyo byagombye kudutangaza? Oya. Ubutumwa dutangaza bushyira ahabona amadini y’ibinyoma. Iyo abantu bemeye ukuri ko muri Bibiliya, babaturwa ku myizerere n’imigenzo bidashingiye kuri Bibiliya (Yoh 8:32). Ubwo se byaba bitangaje kuba ubutumwa dutangaza butuma abayobozi b’amadini bagira ishyari ryinshi ririmo urwango?

7, 8. Itegeko umumarayika yahaye intumwa ryatumye zumva zimeze zite, kandi se ni ikihe kibazo twagombye kwibaza?

⁷ Igihe intumwa zari zicaye muri gereza zitegereje gucirwa urubanza, birashoboka ko zibazaga niba zari zigiye kwicwa bazihora Imana (Mat 24:9). Ariko muri iryo joro habaye ikintu kitari cyitezwe: ‘umumarayika wa Yehova yakinguye inzugi z’iyo gereza’ (Ibyak 5:19). b Hanyuma uwo mumarayika yazihaye amabwiriza yumvikana neza, arazibwira ati “nimugende muhagarare mu rusengero, mukomeze kubwira abantu” (Ibyak 5:20). Nta gushidikanya ko iryo tegeko ryijeje intumwa ko zakoraga ibintu bikwiriye. Nanone amagambo y’uwo mumarayika agomba kuba yarazikomeje agatuma zikomeza gushikama uko byari kugenda kose. Izo ntumwa ‘zinjiye mu rusengero mu gitondo cya kare, zitangira kwigisha’ zifite ukwizera gukomeye n’ubutwari.—Ibyak 5:21.

⁸ Byaba byiza buri wese yibajije ati ‘ese naba mfite ukwizera n’ubutwari bikenewe kugira ngo nkomeze kubwiriza mu gihe naba ndi mu mimerere nk’iyo?’ Dushobora gukomezwa no kumenya ko umurimo w’ingenzi wo ‘gusobanura iby’ubwami bw’Imana tubyitondeye’ ushyigikiwe n’abamarayika kandi ko ari bo bawuyobora.—Ibyak 28:23; Ibyah 14:6, 7.

9-11. Intumwa zakiriye zite itegeko ry’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Abayahudi ryo kureka kubwiriza, kandi se ni uruhe rugero zasigiye Abakristo b’ukuri?

⁹ Kayafa n’abandi bacamanza bo mu Rukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Abayahudi bari biteguye gufatira imyanzuro intumwa. Kubera ko batari bamenye ibyari byabereye muri gereza, bohereje abarinzi b’urusengero kuzana izo mfungwa. Tekereza ukuntu abo barinzi b’urusengero batangaye babonye imfungwa nta zirimo, “gereza ifunze, hari umutekano n’abarinzi bahagaze ku rugi” (Ibyak 5:23). Bidatinze umutware w’abarinzi b’urusengero yamenye ko izo ntumwa zari zasubiye mu rusengero, zirimo zihamya ibyerekeye Yesu Kristo, kandi uwo murimo ari wo wari watumye zishyirwa muri gereza. Umutware w’abarinzi b’urusengero n’abasirikare be bahise bajya mu rusengero gufata izo mfungwa, bazizana imbere y’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Abayahudi.

¹⁰ Nk’uko twabivuze mu ntangiriro y’iki gice, abayobozi b’amadini bari barakaye basobanuriye intumwa mu buryo bwumvikana neza ko zagombaga kureka kubwiriza. Intumwa zabyifashemo zite? Petero yavuganye ubushizi bw’amanga mu izina ry’izindi ntumwa, ati “tugomba kumvira Imana aho kumvira abantu” (Ibyak 5:29). Icyo gihe, intumwa zatanze urugero Abakristo b’ukuri bo mu bihe byose bagiye bakurikiza. Iyo abategetsi b’abantu batubujije gukora ibyo Imana idusaba, cyangwa bakadutegeka gukora ibyo Imana itubuza, bo ubwabo baba biyambuye uburenganzira bwo kubumvira. Ubwo rero muri iki gihe, iyo “abategetsi bakuru” bahagaritse umurimo wacu, ntidushobora kureka gukora umurimo Imana yaduhaye wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza (Rom 13:1). Ahubwo dushaka uko twabwiriza iby’Ubwami bw’Imana tubigiranye amakenga.

¹¹ Ntibitangaje rero kuba ubushizi bw’amanga intumwa zagize, bwaratumye abo bacamanza bari barakaye bagira umujinya, bagashaka kuzikorera ibikorwa by’urugomo. Bari biyemeje ‘kwica’ izo ntumwa (Ibyak 5:33). Byasaga naho abo bahamya barangwaga n’ishyaka n’ubushizi bw’amanga bari bagiye kwicwa bazira ukwizera kwabo. Ariko ubufasha bwari bugiye guturuka ahantu batatekerezaga.

12, 13. (a) Ni iyihe nama Gamaliyeli yagiriye bagenzi be, kandi se bakoze iki? (b) Ni mu buhe buryo Yehova ashobora kugira icyo akorera abagize ubwoko bwe, kandi se ni iki twakwiringira aramutse yemeye ko ‘tubabazwa tuzira gukiranuka’?

¹² Gamaliyeli “wigishaga amategeko kandi abantu bose bakaba baramwubahaga” yafashe ijambo. c Uwo munyamategeko agomba kuba yarubahwaga cyane na bagenzi be kuko yavuganye ubutware kandi ‘agategeka ko basohora [izo ntumwa] akanya gato’ (Ibyak 5:34). Gamaliyeli yahaye abari bagize urukiko ingero z’udutsiko twigeze kubaho, ariko tugasenyuka bidatinze abakuru batwo bamaze gupfa. Hanyuma, yabagiriye inama yo kwihangana kandi bakitonda mu byo bashakaga gukorera izo ntumwa zari ziherutse gupfusha Umuyobozi wazo Yesu. Igitekerezo cya Gamaliyeli cyaremezaga. Yarababwiye ati ‘ndabasaba kutivanga mu by’aba bantu, ahubwo mubareke. Kuko niba uyu murimo ari uw’abantu, nta cyo uzageraho. Ariko niba ushyigikiwe n’Imana, ntimuzashobora kuwuhagarika. Naho ubundi mushobora kuzasanga mu by’ukuri murwanya Imana” (Ibyak 5:38, 39). Abacamanza bumviye iyo nama ye. Icyakora, bakubise intumwa kandi bazitegeka “kutongera kwigisha ibyerekeye Yesu.”—Ibyak 5:40.

¹³ No muri iki gihe Yehova ashobora gukoresha abantu bakomeye nk’uko yakoresheje Gamaliyeli bakavuganira ubwoko bwe (Imig 21:1). Yehova ashobora gukoresha umwuka we agatuma abategetsi bakomeye, abacamanza n’abashyiraho amategeko, bafata imyanzuro ihuje n’ibyo ashaka (Neh 2:4-8). Ariko niyo yakwemera ko ‘tubabazwa tuzira gukiranuka,’ dushobora kwiringira ibintu bibiri (1 Pet 3:14). Icya mbere, ni uko Imana ishobora kuduha imbaraga zo kwihangana (1 Kor 10:13). Icya kabiri, ni uko abaturwanya ‘batazashobora guhagarika’ umurimo w’Imana.—Yes 54:17.

14, 15. (a) Intumwa zimaze gukubitwa zabyifashemo zite kandi kuki? (b) Tanga urugero rugaragaza ko abagize ubwoko bwa Yehova bihangana bafite ibyishimo.

¹⁴ Mbese intumwa zaba zaraciwe intege n’uko zakubiswe cyangwa zikadohoka ku cyemezo zari zarafashe? Reka da! ‘Zavuye imbere y’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Abayahudi zishimye’ (Ibyak 5:41). Kuki zari “zishimye”? Birumvikana ko zitari zishimishijwe n’ububabare zatewe no gukubitwa. Zari zishimye bitewe n’uko zari zizi ko zatotejwe zizira ko zari zakomeje kubera Yehova indahemuka kandi zigakomeza kugera ikirenge mu cy’uwazibereye icyitegererezo, ari we Yesu.—Mat 5:11, 12.

¹⁵ Kimwe n’abavandimwe bacu bo mu kinyejana cya mbere, iyo tubabajwe tuzira ubutumwa bwiza, twihangana dufite ibyishimo (1 Pet 4:12-14). Ni iby’ukuri ko tutishimira gushyirwaho iterabwoba, gutotezwa cyangwa gufungwa. Ariko iyo dukomeje kuba indahemuka, twumva tunyuzwe cyane. Urugero, tekereza ibyabaye kuri Henryk Dornik, wamaze imyaka myinshi agirirwa nabi n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu. Yibuka ko muri Kanama 1944, abategetsi bafashe icyemezo cyo kumwohereza we n’umuvandimwe we mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa. Ababarwanyaga baravugaga bati “ntimushobora kubemeza gukora ikintu icyo  ari cyo cyose. Iyo bababazwa bazira imyizerere yabo, birabashimisha.” Umuvandimwe Dornik yagize ati “nubwo ntifuzaga kubabazwa cyangwa kwicwa nzira imyizerere yanjye, kwihanganira imibabaro nzira ko nkomeza kubera Yehova indahemuka, nkihangana mbigiranye ubutwari no kwiyubaha, byaranshimishaga.”—Yak 1:2-4.

16. Intumwa zagaragaje zite ko zari zariyemeje kubwiriza zidatinya, kandi se dukurikiza dute uburyo intumwa zakoreshaga zibwiriza?

¹⁶ Intumwa zahise zongera gukora umurimo wo kubwiriza. “Buri munsi zakomezaga kwigisha no gutangaza ubutumwa bwiza bwerekeye Kristo Yesu, haba mu rusengero no ku nzu n’inzu” zidafite ubwoba (Ibyak 5:42). d Abo babwiriza barangwaga n’ishyaka bari bariyemeje gukomeza gutangaza ubutumwa bw’ubwami badatinya. Zirikana ko basangaga abantu mu ngo zabo babashyiriye ubutumwa, nk’uko Yesu yari yarabibategetse (Mat 10:7, 11-14). Nta gushidikanya ko ibyo ari byo byatumye bashobora kuzuza muri Yerusalemu inyigisho zabo. Muri iki gihe, Abahamya ba Yehova bazwiho ko bakurikiza uburyo intumwa zakoreshaga zibwiriza. Iyo dusuye buri rugo ruri mu ifasi yacu, tuba tugaragaje neza ko natwe twifuza kubwiriza neza kurushaho, tugaha buri wese uburyo bwo kumva ubutumwa bwiza. Ese Yehova yaduhaye umugisha mu murimo dukora wo kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu? Yego rwose. Abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bitabiriye ubutumwa bw’Ubwami muri iki gihe cy’imperuka, kandi benshi bumvise ubutumwa bwiza ku ncuro ya mbere igihe Umuhamya yabasuraga mu rugo rwabo.

17-19. Ni ayahe macakubiri yavutse, kandi se ni ubuhe buyobozi intumwa zatanze kugira ngo icyo kibazo gikemuke?

¹⁷ Itorero ryari rimaze igihe gito rivutse ryari ryugarijwe n’akaga. Ako kaga kari akahe? Abenshi mu bigishwa babatijwe bari abashyitsi bari baje i Yerusalemu kandi bifuzaga kumenya byinshi mbere yo gusubira iwabo. Abigishwa bari batuye i Yerusalemu batanze impano ku bushake kugira ngo abo bigishwa babone ibyokurya n’ibindi bintu bakeneraga (Ibyak 2:44-46; 4:34-37). Icyo gihe  havutse ikibazo cyasabaga ubwitonzi. Mu “kugabana ibyokurya bya buri munsi,” abapfakazi bavugaga Ikigiriki ‘barirengagizwaga’ (Ibyak 6:1). Ariko abapfakazi bavugaga Igiheburayo bo ntibirengagizwaga. Uko bigaragara icyo kibazo cyari gishingiye ku ivangura, kandi cyashoboraga guteza amacakubiri akomeye.

¹⁸ Intumwa zari zigize Inteko Nyobozi y’iryo torero ryagendaga ryaguka, zabonye ko bitari kuba bikwiriye ko ‘zireka kwigisha ijambo ry’Imana ngo zijye kugabanya abantu ibyokurya’ (Ibyak 6:2). Kugira ngo icyo kibazo gikemuke, intumwa zabwiye abigishwa gushaka abagabo barindwi “bafite umwuka wera mwinshi” kugira ngo zibashinge uwo “murimo w’ingenzi” (Ibyak 6:3). Hari hakenewe abagabo bashoboye kubera ko uwo murimo ushobora kuba utari ukubiyemo gutanga ibyokurya gusa, ahubwo wari ukubiyemo no gucunga amafaranga, kugura ibikenewe no kwandika ibintu byose babyitondeye. Abagabo batoranyijwe bose bari bafite amazina y’ikigiriki, ibyo bikaba byari butume bemerwa n’abapfakazi bababaye. Intumwa zimaze gusuzuma abantu zari zashyikirijwe kandi zigasenga, zashyizeho abagabo barindwi bo kwita kuri uwo “murimo w’ingenzi.” e

¹⁹ Ese byaba bishatse kuvuga ko abo bagabo barindwi bari bashinzwe gutanga ibyokurya bari basonewe, ku buryo batari kongera gukora umurimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza? Oya rwose! Muri abo bagabo batoranyijwe, harimo na Sitefano wari umubwiriza urangwa n’ishyaka n’ubushizi bw’amanga (Ibyak 6:8-10). Filipo na we yari muri abo barindwi, kandi yitwaga “umubwirizabutumwa” (Ibyak 21:8). Ubwo rero, biragaragara neza ko abo bagabo barindwi bakomeje kuba ababwiriza b’Ubwami barangwa n’ishyaka.

20. Muri iki gihe, abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bakurikiza bate urugero rw’intumwa?

 ²⁰ Muri iki gihe, abagize ubwoko bwa Yehova bakurikiza urugero rw’intumwa. Abagabo bahabwa inshingano mu itorero, bagomba kugaragaza ubwenge buturuka ku Mana kandi bakagaragaza ko umwuka wera ubakoreramo. Abagabo bujuje ibisabwa n’Ibyanditswe bahabwa inshingano mu itorero bakaba abasaza cyangwa abakozi b’itorero, hakurikijwe amabwiriza atangwa n’Inteko Nyobozi (1 Tim 3:1-9, 12, 13). f Twavuga ko abo bagabo bashyizweho n’umwuka wera. Bakorana umwete bita ku ‘mirimo y’ingenzi’ myinshi. Urugero, abasaza bashobora gushyiraho uburyo bufatika bwo gufasha abageze mu za bukuru b’indahemuka babikeneye by’ukuri (Yak 1:27). Abasaza bamwe, bagira uruhare rugaragara mu kubaka Amazu y’Ubwami, gutegura amakoraniro cyangwa guhuza abarwayi n’abaganga. Abakozi b’itorero bo basohoza izindi nshingano zitarebana no kuragira umukumbi no kwigisha. Abo bagabo bose bujuje ibisabwa, bagomba gushyira mu gaciro mu birebana n’uko basohoza inshingano z’itorero n’izindi bahabwa mu muryango wa Yehova, kandi bagasohoza inshingano Imana yabahaye yo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami.—1 Kor 9:16.

21, 22. Ni iki kigaragaza ko Yehova yahaye imigisha itorero ryari rikimara kuvuka?

²¹ Kubera ko iryo torero ryari rikimara kuvuka ryari rishyigikiwe na Yehova, ryarokotse ibitotezo byaturukaga hanze yaryo, n’ikibazo cyari mu itorero cyashoboraga kurizanamo amacakubiri. Byarigaragazaga ko Yehova yahaga iryo torero imigisha kubera ko Bibiliya ivuga ko ‘ijambo ry’Imana ryakomeje gukwira hose, kandi abigishwa bagakomeza kwiyongera cyane muri Yerusalemu, ndetse n’abatambyi benshi bakizera’ (Ibyak 6:7). Iyo ni imwe muri raporo zivugwa mu Byakozwe zigaragaza ukwiyongera (Ibyak 9:31; 12:24; 16:5; 19:20; 28:31). Ese muri iki gihe, ntiduterwa inkunga no kumva raporo zigaragaza ukuntu umurimo wo kubwiriza iby’Ubwami hirya no hino ku isi ukomeza kujya mbere?

²² Mu kinyejana cya mbere, abayobozi b’amadini bari barakaye ntibigeze bacogora. Ibigeragezo bikaze ni bwo byari bigiye gutangira. Bidatinze, Sitefano yarwanyijwe mu buryo bwa kinyamaswa nk’uko tuzabibona mu gice gikurikira.