1, 2. Kuki abantu benshi bafatana uburemere Bibiliya, kandi ni iki abanditsi ba Bibiliya bayivuzeho?

IGITABO the New Encyclopædia Britannica kivuga ko Bibiliya “igomba kuba ari wo mubumbe w’ibitabo wakoreshejwe cyane mu mateka y’abantu.” Bibiliya ifatanwa uburemere cyane n’abantu benshi kubera ko ibice byayo bya kera bimaze hafi imyaka 3.500 byanditswe. Nyamara, inama zayo zubaka kandi zihuje n’igihe tugezemo, ni zimwe mu mpamvu zatumye hakwirakwizwa kopi zayo zisaga miriyari eshatu kandi igahindurwa, yose cyangwa se ibice bice, mu ndimi zigera ku bihumbi bibiri, ku buryo mbese igihe cyose ari cyo gitabo kigurwa cyane ku isi kurusha ibindi byose.

² Uretse ibyo bintu byose bikomeza guhesha Bibiliya icyubahiro, hari n’ikindi kintu nanone cyakomeje gutuma yamamara cyane kandi igakomeza gukundwa uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana—ni ukuba yarahumetswe n’Imana Isumbabyose. Mose, wanditse igitabo bita Torah (amategeko ya Mose muri rusange) ‘yanditse’ amagambo yose yari abwirijwe n’Imana, ari na yo yari akubiyemo ibihereranye n’irema, inkuru y’Umwuzure wo mu gihe cya Nowa, ndetse n’amateka ya Aburahamu hamwe n’iby’imishyikirano Mose ubwe yari afitanye n’Imana’ (Kuva  24:3, 4). Umwami Dawidi yagize ati “umwuka w’Uwiteka yavugiye muri jye, Ijambo rye ryari ku rurimi rwanjye” (2 Samweli 23:2). Hari abandi banditsi ba Bibiliya bagize icyo bavuga kijya gusa n’ibyo bayobowe n’Imana. Izo nyandiko zose hamwe, zikubiyemo ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Imana ubwayo bihereranye n’amateka, icyo ashaka kuvuga, uko abantu bashobora kuyumva, n’ingaruka zayo. Abanditsi batandukanye b’Ibyanditswe: abami, abahinzi, abatambyi, n’abandi n’abandi bose bari bameze nk’abanyamabanga bandukura ibihereranye n’ibitekerezo by’Imana, yo Mwanditsi wa Bibiliya ikaba n’Usohoza amasezerano yayo.

3. Ni iki kigaragaza ko kwemera Imana no kwemera siyansi bidahabanye?

³ Ubwo Bibiliya ubwayo yivugira ko yanditswe n’Imana, ubanza noneho ikibazo benshi basigaranye ari ukumenya niba koko uwo Mwanditsi wayo abaho. Hari benshi bahakana bagatsemba rwose ko Imana itabaho. Abandi na bo, babitewe n’uko batekereza ko abantu bose b’abahanga barwanya igitekerezo cy’uko Imana ibaho kandi ntibizere Bibiliya, baribaza bati “ni kuki abahanga mu bya siyansi batizera Imana?” Mbese bene icyo gitekerezo kirakwiriye? Umutwe umwe wo mu kinyamakuru cyitwa New Scientist waravugaga ngo “igitekerezo gihuriweho na benshi cy’uko abahanga mu bya siyansi baba batizera . . . ni igitekerezo cyo kwibeshya cyane.”² Uwo mutwe nanone uvuga ko iyo umuntu atereye akajisho muri za kaminuza, akareba icyo ubushakashatsi bwagezeho, ndetse na za laboratwari z’inganda asanga “hari abahanga mu bya siyansi nibura nk’umunani ku 10 bafite imyizerere ishingiye ku idini cyangwa se hakaba hari amahame runaka bashyigikira ‘adafite aho ahuriye na siyansi.’” Ku bw’ibyo rero, nta wavuga rwose ko kwizera kutajyana na siyansi cyangwa n’abahanga mu bya siyansi. (Reba ibiri mu gasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “ Ubwihindurize—Mbese ni ihame?”)

4. Ni ukuhe kuri kwa siyansi kwavuzwe muri Bibiliya kera mbere y’imyaka ibihumbi n’ibihumbi yashize?

⁴ Iyo umuntu ageze kuri uyu mwanzuro w’uko hari igihamya cy’uko hariho Umuremyi, hasigara ikibazo cyo kumenya niba hari abantu yahumekeye kugira ngo bandike ibitekerezo bye n’imigambi ye muri Bibiliya. Hari impamvu nyinshi zituma twizera tudashidikanya ko uko ari ko bigomba kuba byaragenze, imwe muri zo ni ukuntu ihuza neza rwose na siyansi. (Reba ibiri mu gasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “ Mbere na mbere Imana yaremye . . .”). Urugero, dore hashize imyaka isaga 3.000, Yobu avuze ko Imana ‘yatendetse isi ku busa’ (Yobu 26:7). Hashize hafi imyaka 2.700, umuhanuzi Yesaya avuze ko Imana “yicaye ku ruziga rw’isi” (Yesaya 40:22, NW). None se, nk’ubwo Yobu cyangwa Yesaya baba barabwiwe n’iki ibyo bintu by’ukuri by’urufatiro rwa siyansi, by’uko isi itendetse ku busa kandi ikaba ari n’uruziga? Nubwo ibyo bintu bishobora kuba bizwi neza cyane muri iki gihe, ariko byavuzwe mu gihe nta muntu n’umwe wari ufite icyo abiziho. Kuvuga se ko byahumetswe n’Imana, si byo bisobanuro bihuje n’ubwenge?

5, 6. Ni ubuhe buhanuzi bwasohoye bugaragaza neza ko abanditsi ba Bibiliya bahumekewe n’Imana?

 ⁵ Ubuhanuzi, ni ukuvuga amateka yandikwa mbere y’uko abaho, bushobora kuba ari cyo kintu cy’ingenzi kigaragaza neza cyane ko Bibiliya yahumetswe n’Imana. Urugero, umuhanuzi Yesaya ntiyahanuye gusa ko Yerusalemu yari gusenywa na Babuloni kandi ko ishyanga ryose ry’Abayahudi ryari kujyanwa ari imbohe, ahubwo yanahanuye ko igihe cyari kuzagera maze umugaba w’ingabo w’Umuperesi witwa Kuro akanesha Babuloni nuko akabohoza Abayahudi akabaha umudendezo (Yesaya 13:17-19; 44:27–45:1). Kuba Yesaya yarabashije guhanura atibeshye ibihereranye n’ivuka, n’izina bya Kuro ndetse n’ibyo yari kuzakora byose, imyaka 200 mbere y’uko biba, ubwo koko hari ahandi yaba yarabikomoye uretse kuba yarahumekewe n’Imana? (Reba ibiri mu gasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “ Imana—‘Ni yo ihishura ibihishwe’ ikoresheje abahanuzi.”).

⁶ Bumwe mu buhanuzi bw’imena cyane ni ubwanditswe na Daniyeli, umuhanuzi wabayeho mu kinyejana cya gatandatu Mbere ya Yesu. Ntiyahanuye gusa ibyo kuneshwa kwa Babuloni itsinzwe n’Abamedi n’Abaperesi, ahubwo yanahanuye n’ibihereranye n’ibyari kuzabaho nyuma y’igihe cye, mu gihe cyari kuzaza kera cyane. Urugero, ubuhanuzi bwa Daniyeli bwavuze iby’uko Ubugiriki bwari kuzaba ubwami bw’igihangange ku isi hose ku ngoma ya Alekizanderi Mukuru (mu wa 336-323 Mbere ya Yesu), buvuga iby’uko ubwami bwa Alekizanderi bwari kuzagabagabanwa n’abagaba b’ingabo be bane amaze gupfa akenyutse, buvuga ndetse n’ibyo kuganza k’Ubwami bw’Abaroma, n’uko bwari kuzaba bukomeye cyane mu bya gisirikari mu buryo buteye ubwoba (mu kinyejana cya mbere, Mbere ya Yesu) (Daniyeli 7:6; 8:21, 22). Ibyo bintu byose byabayeho rwose mu mateka ku buryo nta wagira icyo abirwanyaho.

7, 8. (a) Ni iki abantu bamwe bakunze kurega ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya? (b) Ni iki kigaragaza ko ibirego by’uko Bibiliya yaba yaravuze ibintu mu buryo bwa magendu nta shingiro bifite?

⁷ Kubera ko byagaragaye neza ko ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya ari ukuri koko, abayirwanya bagiye bashaka kuyisebya bavuga ko yaba irimanganya, ngo ni amateka yabayeho yagiye yandukurwa maze akitirirwa ubuhanuzi. Ariko se, ni gute umuntu yakwemeza rwose ko abatambyi b’Abayahudi baba baragize igitekerezo cyo kwihimbira ubuhanuzi? Ikindi kandi se, ni kuki baba barahimbye ubuhanuzi bukakaye cyane kandi bubavuga nabi bo ubwabo mu buryo budasubirwaho (Yesaya 56:10, 11; Yeremiya 8:10; Zefaniya 3:4)? Byongeye kandi se, ishyanga rijijutse, ryatojwe kandi rikigishwa ibya Bibiliya rikaba ryari rizi ko ari igitabo cyera, ryashoboraga rite guhimbwa bene ako kageni?—Gutegeka 6:4-9.

⁸ Byashoboka bite se ko ibihereranye no gusiribangwa kw’iterambere ry’amahanga, nka Edomu na Babuloni, byaba byarahanuwe mu buryo bwa magendu kandi iby’iryo siribangwa ari ibintu byabayeho hashize ibinyejana byinshi cyane Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo bishyizwe ahabona  (Yesaya 13:20-22; Yeremiya 49:17, 18)? N’iyo hagira uwitwaza ko ubu buhanuzi butanditswe mu gihe cy’abo bahanuzi ubwabo, icyo tugomba kumenya cyo ni uko bwanditswe mbere y’ikinyejana cya gatatu mbere y’igihe cyacu, dore ko no muri icyo gihe bwari bwaramaze guhindurwa mu Kigiriki muri Bibiliya yitwa Septante. Ikindi kandi, Imizingo yo mu Nyanja y’Umunyu (ari na yo ikubiyemo ibice by’ibitabo bya Bibiliya by’ubuhanuzi bwose) yanditswe ahagana mu kinyejana cya kabiri n’icya mbere, mbere ya Yesu. Icyakora nk’uko byakomeje kuvugwa, ubuhanuzi bwinshi bwaje gusohora nyuma y’icyo gihe.

9-12. (a) Ni kuki hari abavuga ko Bibiliya ubwayo yivuguruza? (b) Ni gute ikibazo cy’ibyo bavuga ko ‘bivuguruzanya’ gishobora gukemuka?

⁹ Wenda hari abagira bati ‘Bibiliya yuzuyemo amagambo avuguruzanya kandi avuga ibiterekeranye.’ Incuro nyinshi, abavuga bene ibyo ni abantu baba batarashishoje bihagije ahubwo bagashingira nko ku rugero rumwe gusa cyangwa ebyiri bumvanye abandi. Mu by’ukuri, byinshi mu byo bavugaho kuba bivuga ibiterekeranye birushaho kumvikana neza iyo umuntu azirikanye ko, incuro nyinshi, abanditsi ba Bibiliya bagiye bahina ibitekerezo byabo bakabivuga mu magambo make. Urugero rumwe ni urwo tubona mu nkuru y’irema. Mu kugereranya Itangiriro 1:1, 3 n’Itangiriro 1:14-16, hari abantu benshi bagiye bibaza uko Imana yaba ‘yararemye’ ibiva ku munsi wa kane w’irema kandi umucyo—ukomoka kuri ibyo biva—wari warageze ku isi ku munsi wa mbere w’irema. Aha ngaha, uwo mwanditsi w’Umuheburayo yanze kwirirwa atanga ibisobanuro birambuye cyane maze agira amakenga mu guhitamo amagambo akoresha. Zirikana ko imirongo 14-16, NW ivuga ibyo “gukora” aho kuba ‘kurema’ nk’uko bigaragara mu Itangiriro 1:1, n’“imicyo” aho kuba “umucyo” nk’uko bigaragara mu Itangiriro 1:3, NW. Ibyo birashaka kuvuga ko ku munsi wa kane w’irema ari bwo izuba n’ukwezi, byari bimaze igihe biriho, byaje kugaragarira neza mu kirere cy’isi. *

¹⁰ Inyandiko z’uruhererekane rw’ibisekuruza na zo zajijishije abantu. Urugero, Ezira yavuze amazina 23 mu ruhererekane rw’ibisekuruza ruhereranye n’Abatambyi mu 1 Ngoma 5:29-40 (6:3-14, NW) ariko  avuga amazina 16 gusa ahereranye n’icyo gihe, avuga umwirondoro we bwite muri Ezira 7:1-5. Ibyo si ukuvuga ko biterekeranye, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo guhina uruhererekane rw’ibisekuruza. Byongeye kandi, dukurikije intego umwanditsi yashoboraga kuba afite mu kuvuga ibintu, yashoboraga gutsindagiriza, gupfobya, gushyiramo, cyangwa gukuramo ibintu bimwe byashoboraga kuvugwa n’undi mwanditsi wa Bibiliya mu buryo butandukanye mu kubara iyo nkuru. Ibyo si ukuvuguruzanya, ahubwo ni uburyo butandukanye bugaragaza uko abanditsi babona ibintu kandi buhinduka hakurikijwe abateze amatwi ayo magambo. *

¹¹ Akenshi, biba bihagije kureba interuro rusange gusa, kugira ngo icyo kibazo cy’ibyo bavuga ko bivuguruzanya gikemuke. Urugero, ni nk’iki kibazo gikunda kugaruka kenshi ngo “ni hehe Kayini yavanye umugore?” Hari benshi bakunda kucyitsitsaho bashaka kumvikanisha ko Bibiliya yaba ivuga ibintu bivuguruzanya. Bibwira ko Adamu na Eva babyaye abahungu babiri gusa, ari bo Kayini na Abeli. Ariko, icyo kibazo gihita gikemuka iyo umuntu akomeje agasoma ibikurikiraho. Mu Itangiriro 5:4 haragira hati “amaze kubyara Seti, Adamu arongera amara imyaka magana inani, ayibyaramo abahungu n’abakobwa.” Ubwo rero Kayini yarongoye umwe muri bashiki be cyangwa se umwishywa we, kandi ibyo byari bihuje n’umugambi wa mbere w’Imana w’uko ubwoko bwa kimuntu bwororoka bukuzura isi.—Itangiriro 1:28.

¹² Nta gushidikanya ko hari ibintu byinshi mu bigize amateka ya kimuntu bitabashije kwandikwa mu Byanditswe by’Imana. Icyakora ibintu byose bya ngombwa, ku musomyi wa kera cyangwa se twe abariho ubu, byashyizwemo, ariko ku buryo bitabiremereza bikabije cyangwa se ngo bitume bitabasha gusomeka neza.

13-15. (a) Kuki bamwe bemera ko Bibiliya ikomeye cyane ku buryo tudashobora kuyisobanukirwa? (b) Tumenya dute ko Imana ishaka ko abantu basobanukirwa Ijambo ryayo?

¹³ Mbese waba warigeze kwibaza uti “ni kuki hariho ibisobanuro byinshi bya Bibiliya bivuguruzanya?”  Iyo abantu benshi bafite imitima itaryarya bumva abayobozi ba kidini bavuguruzanya, babura uko babyifatamo maze bikabaca intege. Benshi bafata umwanzuro w’uko Bibiliya ari inyanja kandi ko yivuguruza. Ku bw’ibyo rero, abantu benshi bahunga Bibiliya uko yakabaye, bibwira ko biruhije cyane kuyisoma no kuyumva. Abandi na bo, iyo babonye ako kaduruvayo k’ibisobanuro by’abanyamadini, bituma bagabanya umurego wo gukomeza gushakashaka mu Byanditswe. Hari abavuga ngo “abantu b’abahanga bize imyaka myinshi muri za seminari z’amadini. Narwanya ibyo bigisha se nshingiye ku ki?” Ariko se uko ni ko Imana ibibona?

 ¹⁴ Igihe Imana yahaga Amategeko ishyanga rya Isirayeli, ntiyababwiye ko yarimo ibashyiriraho uburyo bwo kuyisenga butumvikana, bugenewe abahanga mu bya tewolojiya gusa cyangwa se “intiti.” Binyuriye kuri Mose, Imana yagize icyo ibivugaho mu Gutegeka 30:11, 14, muri aya magambo ngo “kuko ayo mategeko ngutegetse uyu munsi atari ayo kukunanira, kandi atari aya kure ngo utayageraho. Ahubwo iryo jambo rikuri bugufi cyane, riri mu kanwa kawe no mu mutima wawe ngo uryumvire.” Ishyanga ryose, atari abayobozi gusa, ryabwiwe aya magambo ngo “aya mategeko ngutegeka uyu munsi ahore ku mutima wawe. Ujye ugira umwete wo kuyigisha abana bawe, ujye uyavuga wicaye mu nzu yawe, n’uko ugenda mu nzira n’uko uryamye n’uko ubyutse” (Gutegeka 6:6, 7). Amategeko y’Imana, ayo yandikishije yose, yari asobanutse neza ku buryo abagize ishyanga bose, ababyeyi n’abana, bashoboraga kuyakurikiza. *

¹⁵ Ndetse no mu gihe cya Yesaya, abayobozi ba kidini bari baraciriweho iteka n’Imana kubera ko bari barihaye kugira ibyo bongera ku mategeko y’Imana no kuyasobanura uko bishakiye. Umuhanuzi Yesaya yaranditse ati “aba bantu banyegera bakanyubahisha akanwa kabo n’iminwa yabo, ariko imitima yabo bakayinshyira kure, no kubaha banyubaha akaba ari itegeko ry’abantu bigishijwe” (Yesaya 29:13). Ugusenga kwabo kwari kwarahindutse amategeko y’abantu, si ay’Imana (Gutegeka 4:2). Ayo ‘mategeko y’abantu,’ agizwe n’ibyo bongeragamo hamwe n’ibisobanuro byabo bwite, yaravuguruzanyaga. Amagambo y’Imana yo ntavuguruzanya. Ni na ko bimeze no muri iki gihe.

16, 17. (a) Ni iki bamwe bemera ku bihereranye n’amategeko atanditse avugwa mu magambo gusa? (b) Ni iki Bibiliya igaragaza ku bihereranye n’amategeko atangwa mu magambo gusa atanditse?

¹⁶ Hari abemera ko Mose yahawe “Amategeko atanditse avugwa mu magambo” yiyongera ku “Mategeko yanditse.” Dukurikije iyo myizerere, ngo Imana yaba yarategetse ko amategeko amwe areka kwandikwa ahubwo ngo akazajya abwirwa abantu mu magambo gusa uko ibihe bizajya bigenda biha ibindi, bityo rero akaba yarakomeje kubaho mu magambo gusa. (Reba ibiri mu gasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “ Mbese Torah (Amategeko ya Mose muri rusange) irimo ‘amasura mirongo irindwi’?”.) Icyakora, Bibiliya yo igaragaza neza ko Mose atigeze ategekwa kugira amategeko atanga mu magambo gusa atanditse. Mu Kuva 24:3, 4 haravuga hati ‘Mose araza abwira abantu amagambo y’Uwiteka yose n’amategeko ye yose, abantu bose bamusubiriza icyarimwe bati “ibyo Uwiteka yavuze byose tuzabikora.”’ Nuko “Mose yandika amagambo y’Uwiteka yose.” Nanone kandi, mu Kuva 34:27 hatubwira aya magambo ngo ‘Uwiteka abwira Mose ati “iyandikire ayo magambo, kuko isezerano nsezeranye nawe n’Abisirayeli, rihagaze kuri ayo magambo.”’ Amategeko atanditse avugwa mu magambo gusa nta mwanya yari afite mu isezerano Imana yasezeranye na Isirayeli. (Reba ibiri mu gasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “ Amategeko atanditse yari hehe . . .”). Nta hantu na hamwe muri Bibiliya havugwa iby’amategeko  atanditse avugwa mu magambo gusa. * Icy’ingenzi kandi, imyigishirize ya bene ayo mategeko ivuguruza Ibyanditswe, ibyo bikaba ari na byo biremereza cyane kiriya gitekerezo abantu bibeshyaho, cy’uko Bibiliya yaba yivuguruza ubwayo. (Reba ibiri mu gasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Urupfu n’ubugingo ni iki?”.) Nyamara si Imana, ahubwo ni umuntu ukwiriye kuryozwa iby’iyo mivurungano.—Yesaya 29:13. (Reba ibiri mu dusanduku dufite umutwe uvuga ngo “Izina ry’Imana muri Bibiliya.”)

¹⁷ Ibinyuranye n’ibisobanuro bivuguruzanya by’abantu, Bibiliya yo ubwayo irisobanura kandi ikwiriye kwiringirwa. Imana yaduhaye ibihamya byinshi, mu Ijambo ryayo, by’uko amahoro ku isi avugwa muri Yesaya 2:2-4 atari inzozi gusa ko ahubwo agiye kuzaba ihame ridakuka. Nta wundi uretse Imana yonyine, Imana y’ubuhanuzi, Imana ya Bibiliya, izasohoza iryo sezerano.