Hashize imyaka irenga icumi dukoresha utugare dushyirwaho ibitabo mu murimo wo kubwiriza, kandi ubwo buryo bwakuruye abantu benshi. Hirya no hino ku isi, iyo abantu babonye utwo tugare bahita bamenya na ba nyiratwo. Nubwo uburyo utwo tugare dukoze bikurura abantu, nanone kudukoresha biroroha. Ushobora kuba wemeranya na mushiki wacu witwa Asenata wo muri Polonye wagize ati: “Akagare gakozwe mu buryo bworoheje, kandi kagaragara neza. Biroroshye kugakoresha no kukajyana aho ushaka.”

 Ese wigeze wibaza uburyo abantu bahanze utugare n’uko dukozwe?

 Mu mwaka wa 2001, Inteko Nyobozi yemereye abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bo mu Bufaransa gutangira kugerageza uburyo butandukanye bwo kubwiriza mu ruhame, hakubiyemo no kubwiriza hakoreshejwe utugare. Bakoze utugare dutandukanye. Urugero, bakoze utugare dusa n’udukoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu bagiye guhaha, kugira ngo badukoreshe mu kwerekana no kubika ibitabo. Nyuma y’aho, ibiro by’ishami byo mu Bufaransa byahisemo gukora akagare gahuje n’ibyo ababwiriza bakenera bari mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Kakoreshejwe mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi.

 Abavandimwe bo mu Bufaransa bashimishijwe n’ibyavuye muri gahunda y’igerageza bakoze yo kubwiriza mu ruhame. Ibyo byatumye mu mwaka wa 2011, Inteko Nyobozi yemera ko mu mujyi wa New York muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hakorwa gahunda y’igerageza yo kubwiriza mu ruhame hakoreshejwe utugare n’ameza bishyirwaho ibitabo. Bidatinze, abapayiniya bifatanyije muri iyo gahunda biboneye ko hari ibyiza byinshi bituruka mu gukoresha utugare, hakubiyemo n’uburyo bwo kutujyana aho ushaka. Nanone, abapayiniya batanze ibitekerezo by’ingirakamaro kugira ngo hagire ibinonosorwa ku miterere y’utugare. Utugare twa mbere dukozwe mu mbaho twari turemereye, ibyo bikaba byaratumaga kutwuriza cyangwa kutumanura kuri esikariye bigorana. Ni yo mpamvu hagombaga gukorwa ututaremereye, ariko nanone bitari cyane ku buryo byatuma tugushwa n’umuyaga. Utugare dushya twakozwe, twari dufite amapine manini kandi afasha akagare kutajegera. Ibyo bikaba byarafashije mu kutugendesha ahantu habi harimo utunogo. Nanone, kuri utwo tugare hongeweho udusanduku duto two kubikamo ibindi bitabo.

 Iyo gahunda y’igerageza yatanze umusaruro ushimishije! Ibyo byatumye mu mwaka wa 2012, Inteko Nyobozi yemera ko utugare dushyirwaho ibitabo dukoreshwa ku isi hose. Abavandimwe babonye uruganda rushobora gukora utugare twinshi kurushaho, dukozwe mu bikoresho bitaremereye kandi biramba.

 Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, hari utuntu twagiye tunozwa ku miterere y’utugare. Urugero, mu mwaka wa 2015, ku ruhande rw’imbere hongeweho igifubiko cya pulasitiki kibonerana cyo kurinda ibitabo kunyagirwa. Dina, uba mu gihugu cya Jeworujiya yashimishijwe nuko akagare gakozwe. Yagize ati: “Akagare ubwako kifitiye ‘ikoti ry’imvura’ ryo kurinda ibitabo kunyagirwa.” Mu mwaka wa 2017, mu ndimi zimwe na zimwe hasohotse ibyapa byo gushyira ku tugare bifite rukuruzi. Umuvandimwe witwa Tomasz wo muri Polonye, yaravuze ati: “Twashimishijwe cyane no kubona ibi byapa bifite rukuruzi, kuko guhindura ibyapa bya mbere kari akazi gakomeye. Rwose uwazanye igitekerezo cy’ibyapa bifite rukuruzi yarakoze.” Mu mwaka wa 2019, na bwo hari ibintu byahinduwe ku birebana n’ibikoresho bakoramo utugare n’uburyo dukoze kugira ngo turusheho gukomera no kumara igihe.

 Utugare dushyirwaho ibitabo dukorwa n’uruganda rumwe nyuma tukoherezwa ku isi hose. Ubu akagare kamwe kagurwa amafaranga y’u Rwanda agera ku 47.000, hatabariwemo amafaranga yo kutwohereza n’ayandi asabwa. Ubu hamaze gukoreshwa amafaranga y’u Rwanda asaga Miliyari 17 n’igice yo kugura utugare, kandi hatanzwe utugare dusaga 420.000 mu matorero yo hirya no hino ku isi.

 Mu rwego rwo gukoresha neza amafaranga y’impano, hatumizwa utugare twinshi icyarimwe. Nanone kandi, ubu amatorero ashobora gutumiza ibikoresho by’utugare byo gusimbuza ibyangiritse cyangwa ibyashaje aho kugura udushya.

 Ababwiriza bo hirya no hino ku isi bishimira gukoresha utugare dushyirwaho ibitabo. Martina wo muri Gana, yaravuze ati: “Ubusanzwe iyo tubwiriza akenshi dusanga abantu aho bari. Icyo nkundira kubwiriza dukoresheje akagare ni uko abantu ari bo badusanga aho turi, kandi buri wese uhanyuze ashobora kubwirizwa.”

 Mu kindi gihugu cyo muri Afurika, hari umugabo waje aho akagare kari kari ahabwa ibitabo mu rurimi rwe. Nyuma y’icyumweru, yaragarutse arababwira ati: “Nasomye ibitabo byose. Ibikubiyemo bifite agaciro gakomeye cyane. Nzabibwira abagize umuryango wanjye, batuye ku birometero bigera kuri 500 mu mudugudu w’iwacu.” Nyuma y’amezi abiri yaragutse agira ati: “Abantu bo mu mudugudu wacu basomye ibitabo byose, kandi bashimishijwe cyane n’ibivugwamo. Barifuza kuba Abahamya ba Yehova. Ariko hari ibibazo bibaza. Urugero, basobanukiwe ko kugira ngo babatizwe bagomba kwibizwa mu mazi. Ariko, nta mugezi dufite hafi y’umudugudu w’iwacu. Kugira ngo tubatizwe bizaba ngombwa ko tuza hano?” Ababwiriza bahuje uwo mugabo n’umupayiniya uvuga ururimi rwe. Kuva icyo gihe bombi bakomeje kugirana ibiganiro buri gihe.

 Birashimishije cyane kubona utugare dushyirwaho ibitabo dukoreshwa mu kubwiriza ‘mu isi yose ituwe kugira ngo tubere amahanga yose ubuhamya’ (Matayo 24:14). Amafaranga yo kwishyura abakora utwo tugare ava he? Mu mpano zitangwa zigenewe umurimo ukorerwa ku isi yose, inyinshi zitangwa hakoreshejwe urubuga rwadonate.pr418.com. Turabashimira cyane kubera ubuntu mugira.