1. Ninji pidacitika mu ndzidzi wakufudzwa kwa Yerusalemu?

MU CAKA 607 Kristu mbadzati kubalwa, Mambo Nabukodonozore II wa ku Bhabhilonya na anyankhondo ace azinji afudza nzinda wa Yerusalemu. Bhibhlya isalonga kuti mambo apha aphale na supada. ‘Iye nee abvera ntsisi aphale peno amiyali, ankhalamba peno anyakuduwala.’ Pakumalisa, ‘Apisa nyumba ya Mulungu wandimomwene, afudza mipanda ya Yerusalemu, apisambo nyumba zonsene zakuwanga za mambo na kufudza pyombo pyonsene pya ntengo ukulu.’—2 Pya dziko ya Israele 36:17, 19.

2. Ndi cenjezo ipi idapereka Yahova kwa Ayuda, pontho ninji pidaacitikira?

² Ayuda nee akhafunika kudzudzumika na kufudzwa kwa Yerusalemu. Mu pyaka pizinji, Mulungu akhadatuma aprofeta toera kucenjeza anthu kuti angapitiriza kukhonda kumbvera, iwo mbadafudzwa na Abhabhilonya. Ayuda azinji mbadaphiwa na supada, pontho ale akhafuna kupulumuka mbadaendeswa mu ubitcu ku Bhabhilonya. (Yeremiya 15:2) Kodi pikhabvekanji kukhala mu ubitcu? Kodi pinthu pyakulandana na pyenepi pyacitikambo kwa Akristu? Khala ndi tenepo, lini?

3. Ndi munjira ipi umaso wa Ayuda ku Bhabhilonya ukhali wakusiyana na umaso wa Aisraele pikhali iwo mabitcu ku Ejito?

³ Yahova akhadapanga Ayuda kuti angaendeswa ku ubitcu akhafunika kutawira macinjo anewa mapswa mbacita pyonsene pinakwanisa iwo mwakubverana na makhaliro anewa. Iye aapanga kubulukira mwa Yeremiya: ‘Mangani nyumba zanu mbamukhala mwenemo. Limani maminda mbamudya misapo yace. Pontho sakani ntendere mu nzinda udakuikhani ine mu ubitcu, na kucita phembero kuna Yahova, thangwi nzinda ungakhala mu ntendere munakhalambo na ntendere.’ (Yeremiya 29:5, 7) Ayuda akhatowezera pitsogolero pya Yahova akhali na umaso wadidi mu ubitcu. Abhabhilonya akhadapasa ufulu Ayuda wakufamba n’dziko ineyi. Mu ndzidzi unoyu, Bhabhilonya ukhali nzinda ukulu wa malonda. Madhukumentu akale asapangiza kuti Ayuda azinji apfundza kucita malonda mbakhala na luso yakusema miti pikhali iwo mu ubitcu. Ayuda anango adzakhala akupfuma kakamwe. Pyenepi pisapangiza kuti umaso wawo nee ukhali wakunentsa ninga umaso wa Aisraele pikhali iwo mabitcu ku Ejito mu pyaka pizinji nduli.—Lerini Eksodo 2:23-25.

4. Kusiyapo Ayuda akukhonda khulupirika, mbani akhathabukambo? Thangwi yanji pikhali pyakunentsa kwa Ayuda akukhulupirika kucita pyonsene pikhaphemba Mwambo?

⁴ Ayuda anango akakhala mu ubitcu akhali atumiki akukhulupirika a Mulungu. Maseze nee akhadacita cinthu cakuipa, iwo athabuka pabodzi na anango akukhonda bvera. Ayuda akhali na pinthu pyakumanungo pyakuti pikhaaphedza, mphapo mbadalambira tani Yahova? Templo na guwa pikhadafudzwa, pontho anyantsembe nee akhaphata basa yadidi. Mbwenye Ayuda akukhulupirika akhacita pyonsene pikhakwanisa iwo toera kubvera Mwambo wa Mulungu. Mwacitsandzo, Dhanyeli, Sadrake, Misake na Abedinego, akhonda pyakudya pikhakhondeswa Ayuda. Pontho Bhibhlya isalonga kuti Dhanyeli akhacita phembero kazinji kene kwa Mulungu. (Danyele 1:8; 6:10) Kusiyapo pyenepi, nakuti Ayuda akhatongwa na anthu akukhonda lambira Yahova, pikhali pyakunentsa kwa Ayuda akukhulupirika kucita pyonsene pikhaphemba Mwambo.

5. Ndi cidikhiro cipi cidapereka Yahova kwa atumiki ace, pontho thangwi yanji pikiro ineyi ikhaoneka ninga yakunentsa?

⁵ Kodi Aisraele mbadalambira pontho Mulungu na kucita pyonsene pikhaphemba Mwambo? Mu ndzidzi unoyu, pikhaoneka ninga pyakunentsa thangwi Abhabhilonya nee akhasudzula mabitcu awo. Mbwenye Yahova Mulungu akhadapikira kuti atumiki ace mbadasudzulwa mu ubitcu, natenepa pyadzacitikadi. Ndzidzi onsene mapikiro a Mulungu asakwanirisika!—Izaiya 55:11.

6, 7. Thangwi yanji mphyakufunika kwa ife kucinja kubvesesa kwathu?

⁶ Kodi Akristu athimbanambo na nyatwa ninga ya ubitcu ku Bhabhilonya? Mu pyaka pizinji, revista Ncenjezi ikhalonga kuti Akristu akukhulupirika aendeswa mu ubitcu ku  Bhabhilonya mu caka 1918, mbasudzulwa mu caka 1919. Mbwenye, nsolo uno na unatowera, tinadzapfundza kuti thangwi yanji mphyakufunika kucinja kubvesesa kwathu.

⁷ Ife tisadziwa kuti Bhabhilonya Wankulu ndi mauphemberi onsene aunthawatawa. Pontho atumiki a Mulungu nee adzakhala mabitcu a uphemberi waunthawatawa mu caka 1918. Ndimomwene kuti ndzidzi unoyu, Akristu akudzodzwa akhatcingwa. Mbwenye kutcingwa kwawo kukhacitwa na mautongi, tayu na uphemberi waunthawatawa. Mbidzati toma Nkhondo Yakutoma ya Dziko Yonsene, atumiki akudzodzwa a Mulungu akhasiya kucita khundu ya uphemberi waunthawatawa. Natenepa, pisaoneka kuti atumiki a Yahova nee aendeswa mu ubitcu ku Bhabhilonya Wankulu mu caka 1918.

8. Ninji pidacitika pidamala kufa apostolo? (Onani cithundzithundzi cakutoma.)

⁸ Mu Pentekoste ya caka 33, pikwi pizinji pya Akristu apswa adzodzwa na nzimu wakucena. Iwo adzakhala ‘ntundu wakusankhulwa, anyantsembe a umambo, mbumba yakucena, anthu adasankhulwa na Mulungu.’ (Lerini 1 Pedro 2:9, 10.) Apostolo akhatsalakana mwadidi kakamwe atumiki a Mulungu. Mbwenye pidamala kufa iwo, amuna anango m’mipingo atoma kupfundzisa pinthu pyauthambi, thangwi akhafuna kupeusa anthu mu undimomwene. Amuna anewa akhakomerwa kakamwe na mafilozofiya a Aristóteles na Platão, mbatoma kupfundzisa anthu maonero awo, m’mbuto mwakupfunzisa undimomwene wa Mafala a Mulungu. (Machitiro 20:30; 2 Atesalonika 2:6-8) Amuna azinji akhali na mabasa, pontho akhatsogolera m’mipingo. Ngakhale kuti Yezu akhadalonga mwanyapantsi kuna atowereri ace kuti ‘Monsene ndimwe abale,’ atsogoleri a mauphemberi akhadatoma kucita misoka.—Mateo 23:8.

9. Kodi Gereja na Utongi Waciroma pyatoma tani kuphata basa pabodzi? Pontho ninji pidacitika na Akristu akudzodzwa akukhulupirika?

⁹ Mu caka 313 pakumala kufa kwa Kristu, Mambo Constantino wa ku Roma akhazikisa Cikristu cakupanduka toera kukhala ninga uphemberi wakutawirika. Buluka penepo, Gereja yatoma kuphata basa pabodzi na utongi Waciroma. Mwacitsandzo, Constantino acitisa nsonkhano na atsogoleri a mauphemberi, wakuti wadzadziwika ninga Concílio de Niceia. Pakumala kwa nsonkhano unoyu, mambo atumiza nyantsembe peno padre akhacemerwa Ário ku ubitcu thangwi akhakhonda kutawira kuti Yezu ndi Mulungu. Mukupita kwa ndzidzi, Teodósio adzakhala mambo Waciroma na Gereja ya Katolika yadzakhala uphemberi ukulu mu Umambo Waciroma. Anyakulonga pya mbiri asalonga kuti Aroma akukhonda khulupira adzakhala “Akristu” mu ndzidzi unoyu. Mbwenye undimomwene ndi wakuti mu  ndzidzi unoyu, Akristu akupanduka adzatawira pipfundziso pyauthambi. Natenepa, iwo akhadatoma kucita khundu ya Bhabhilonya Wankulu. Ngakhale tenepo, mu ndzidzi unoyu akhalipo Akristu akudzodzwa akukhulupirika. Iwo akhali ninga trigu idalonga Yezu. Anyakudzodzwa anewa akhacita pyonsene pikhakwanisa iwo toera kulambira Mulungu, mbwenye ndi akucepa akhabvesera pikhalonga iwo. (Lerini Mateo 13:24, 25, 37-39.) Ndi thangwi yace, pikhali ninga akhali mu ubitcu ku Bhabhilonya!

10. Thangwi yanji anthu anango akhatoma kudzindikira kuti pipfundziso pya gereja pikhali pyauthambi?

¹⁰ Mu ndzidzi unoyu, anthu azinji akhakwanisa kuleri Bhibhlya mu Cigrego peno Cilatini. Natenepa, iwo akhakwanisa kulandanisa pipfundziso pya Mafala a Mulungu na pipfundziso pya gereja. Pikhadzindikira anthu anango kuti pipfundziso pya gereja pikhali pyauthambi, iwo akhasiya pipfundziso pyenepi. Mbwenye pikhali pyakugopswa kupanga  anango maonero awo, thangwi mbadaphiwa.

11. Kodi atsogoleri a gereja akhacitanji toera anthu acimwane kuleri Bhibhlya?

¹¹ Mukupita kwa ndzidzi, anthu azinji nee akhalongabve Cigrego peno Cilatini. Pontho atsogoleri a gereja nee akhatawirisa kuti Mafala a Mulungu athumburuzwe mu pilongero pyakudziwika na anthu azinji. Na thangwi ineyi, basi ene anthu akucepa adapfundza kuxikola na atsogoleri akhakwanisa kuleri Bhibhlya. Ngakhale tenepo, anango mwa iwo nee akhakwanisa kuleri na kulemba mwadidi. Munthu onsene akhakhonda kutawira pipfundziso pya gereja akhatcunyuswa kakamwe. Akristu akudzodzwa akukhulupirika akhasonkhana m’misoka ming’ono mwacibisobiso, pontho anango nee akhakwanisa kusonkhana. Ninga Ayuda adaendeswa mu ubitcu ku Bhabhilonya, “anyantsembe a umambo,” peno Akristu akudzodzwa nee akhakwanisa kulambira Mulungu munjira yadidi. Babilonya Wankulu akhaonera umaso wa anthu onsene!

12, 13. Ndi mathangwi api mawiri akhapangiza kuti pinthu mbipidacinja kwa Akristu andimomwene? Fokotozani.

¹² Kodi pakhali na cidikhiro cakuti Akristu andimomwene mbadalambira Mulungu mwakutawirika? Inde! Pakhali na mathangwi mawiri akufunika akhapangiza kuti pinthu mbipidacinja. Cakutoma cikhali njira idacitwa ntcini wakudhinda matsamba. Mbudzati kucitwa ntcini unoyu cifupi na caka 1450, pinthu pikhali pyakunentsa kakamwe, thangwi Bhibhlya ikhakopyarwi na manja. Pinthu pyakuti pikhamala nthanda khumi kuna munthu waluso toera kukopyari Bhibhlya ibodzi! Pontho, iwo akhalemba pa nthembe ya cinyama yakusasanywa mwadidi yakucemerwa pergaminho. Ndi thangwi yace pakhali makopya akucepa a Bhibhlya, mbadhula kakamwe. Mbwenye na ntcini wakudhinda matsamba, munthu waluso akhakwanisa kudhinda matsamba akupiringana 1.300 pa ntsiku!

¹³ Thangwi yaciwiri ikhali kuthumburuzwa kwa Bhibhlya. Cifupi na caka 1500, amuna akucepa acipapo athumburuza Mafala a Mulungu mu pilongero pyakudziwika na anthu azinji. Iwo akhacita basa ineyi maseze akhadziwa kuti mbadaphiwa thangwi ya basa ineyi. Atsogoleri a gereja agopa kakamwe. Thangwi akhadziwa kuti, amuna na akazi akunyindirika angaleri Bhibhlya mu cilongero cawo, mbadatoma kucita mibvundzo ninga iyi: ‘Ndi vesi ipi ya Bhibhlya inalonga pya djenje ya moto? Ndi papi padalembwa kuti tisafunika kulipa padre toera kucita misa ya anyakufa? Ndi papi panalonga Bhibhlya thangwi ya apapa na anyantsembe akulu Acikatolika?’ Pipfundziso pizinji pya magereja authambi pisabulukira m’mafilozofiya a Aristóteles na Platão, amuna adakhala maso pyaka pizinji Kristu mbadzati kubalwa pa dziko yapantsi. Atsogoleri a gereja akhaipirwa pikhacitwa iwo mibvundzo na anthu. Amuna na akazi akhakhonda pipfundziso pyawo akhaphiwa. Atsogoleri a  gereja akhafuna kukhondesa anthu kuleri Bhibhlya na kucita mibvundzo, pontho kazinji kene pyenepi pikhakwanisika. Mbwenye anthu akucepa akhakhonda kutsogolerwa na Bhabhilonya Wankulu. Iwo akhadagumana undimomwene wa m’Mafala a Mulungu, pontho akhafuna kudziwa pizinji! Natenepa akhakwanisa kubuluka mu uphemberi waunthawatawa.

14. (a) Ninji pidacita anthu akhafuna kupfundza Bhibhlya? (b) Fokotozani pidacita M’bale Russell toera kugumana undimomwene.

¹⁴ Anthu azinji akhafuna kuleri, kupfundza Bhibhlya na kupanga anango pikhapfundza iwo. Iwo nee akhafuna kupangwa na atsogoleri a gereja pikhafuna kukhulupira iwo. Natenepa akhafuluka kuenda madziko anango toera kupfundza Bhibhlya mwaufulu. Ibodzi mwa madziko anewa ikhali Estados Unidos. Kweneko, mu caka 1870, Charles Taze Russell na anango akucepa atoma kupfundza Bhibhlya mwacidikhodikho. Pakutoma, M’bale Russell akhafuna kudzindikira uphemberi ukhapfundzisa undimomwene. Iye akhalandanisa mwacidikhodikho pipfundziso pya mauphemberi mazinji na pinalonga Bhibhlya. Mwakukhonda dembuka, iye adzindikira kuti nkhabepo uphemberi ukhatowezera mwakukwana Mafala a Mulungu. Pontho iye acedza na atsogoleri a mauphemberi mazinji. M’bale Russell akhadikhira kuti iwo mbadatawira undimomwene wa Bhibhlya ukhadagumana iye na nsoka wace mbapfundzisa undimomwene unoyu m’mipingo yawo. Mbwenye atsogoleri a mauphemberi nee akhafuna kubva pyenepi. Mwakhonda dembuka, anyakupfundza adzindikira kuti nee akhafunika kulambira Mulungu pabodzi na ale akhacita khundu ya uphemberi waunthawatawa.—Lerini 2 Akorinto 6:14.

15. (a) Kodi Akristu andimomwene aendeswa lini mu ubitcu ku Bhabhilonya? (b) Ndi mibvundzo ipi inadzatawirwa mu nsolo unatowera?

¹⁵ Mu nsolo uno, tapfundza kuti Akristu andimomwene aendeswa mu ubitcu ku Bhabhilonya pakumala kwene kufa kwa apostolo. Mbwenye, tisafunika kudziwa matawiro a mibvundzo inatowera: Tisadziwa tani kuti mbicidzati kufika caka 1914, Akristu akudzodzwa akhasudzulwa mu Bhabhilonya Wankulu? Kodi ndimomwene kuti Yahova nee akhakomerwa na atumiki ace thangwi yakukhonda kumwaza mphangwa mwaphinga mu ndzidzi wa Nkhondo yakutoma ya Dziko Yonsene? Kodi abale athu anango acita nkhundu ya dziko mu ndzidzi unoyu mbaluza uxamwali wawo na Yahova? Kodi Akristu asudzulwa lini mu uphemberi waunthawatawa? Mibvundzo ineyi yakufunika kakamwe inadzatawirwa mu nsolo unatowera.