Omu Bibliya, oluderho “bugumaguma” lunahindulwe kurhenga omu luderho lw’Ecihabraniya neʹphesh n’omu luderho lw’Ecigriki psy·kheʹ. Olo luderho lw’Ecihabraniya luhugwîre “eciremwa ciri cayisa,” n’oluderho lw’Ecigriki luhugwîre “eciremwa cizine.” a Kuli kuderha oku obugumaguma, ciri ciremwa coshi, ci arhali kantu kalebe k’ekandalala kagendekera kalama enyuma z’okufâ kw’omubiri. Olole gurhi Ebibliya eba eyerekinemwo oku obugumaguma bw’omuntu aba muntu yeshi:

•   Ebibliya edesire oku erhi Yehova Nnâmahanga alema omuntu murhanzi, Adamu, “aba bugumaguma buzine.” (Omurhondêro 2:7, King James) Adamu arhahâbagwa obugumaguma; lubero n’oko aba bugumaguma buzine.

•   Ebibliya edesire oku obugumaguma bwanakola, bwanashalika, bwanalya, bwanarhumikira amarhegeko, bwananahuma oku mubiri gufîre. (Bene-Levi 5:2; 7:20; 23:30; Olushika 12:20; Abaroma 13:1) Omuntu mugumaguma yene wakajira eyo mikolo.

K’obugumaguma burhankafâ?

 Obugumaguma bwanafâ. Milongo minji y’Ebibliya eyerekine oku obugumaguma bunafê. Rhuganirire nyiganyo nguma na nguma:

•   “Obugumaguma bwajizire ecaha, bwafâ.”​—Ezekiyeli 18:4, 20, King James Version.

•   Omu Israheli ya mîra, obuhane omuntu wajijire ecaha cizibu akag’ihabwa kwali “kukaga [obo] obugumaguma” (Olubungo 12:15, 19 Bene-Levi 7:20, 21, 27; 19:8, King James Version) Oyo muntu al’ishinganine “anigwe.”​—Olubungo 31:14.

•   Enyuma z’okufâ kw’omuntu, oluderho “bugumaguma bufîre” lukolesibwe omu milongo miguma na miguma y’Ebibliya, omu kuganirira omubiri gufîre. (Bene-Levi 21:11, NWT, amahugûlo g’idako; Emibalè 6:6 NWT, amahugûlo g’idako) Ciru akaba mw’eyo milongo mpindûlo nyinji z’Ebibliya zinakolese enderho “mubiri gufîre” erhi “muntu ofîre,” Ecihabraniya ca mîra cikolesize oluderho neʹphesh, erhi “bugumaguma.”

“Obugumaguma” bwanahugûla “obuzine”

 Kandi Ebibliya ekolesize oluderho “bugumaguma” omukuganirira “obuzine.” Kwa lwiganyo, olwandiko lwa Ayubu 33:22, lukolesize oluderho lw’Ecihabraniya “bugumaguma” (neʹphesh) omukuganirira “obuzine.” Ko n’oko, Ebibliya eyerekine oku obugumaguma bw’omuntu erhi kalamo kage bwanaja omu mazibu erhi buhere.​—Emibalè 4:19; Abaciranuzi 9:17; Abafilipi 2:30.

 Oko kukolesa oluderho “bugumaguma” kurhurhabire okuhugûkwa emilongo y’Ebibliya edesire oku obugumaguma “bwarhenga.” (Omurhondêro 35:18; King James Version) Eyi njira y’okuderha eyerekine oku obuzine bw’omuntu bwahika ebuzinda. Mpindûlo nguma na nguma zinahindule oluderho luli omu Omurhondêro 35:18, ntya: “Ayisa obuzinda.”​—Good News Translation; New Jerusalem Bible.

Ngahi enyigirizo z’okurhafâ kw’obugumaguma zarhengaga?

 Amadîni gaba gayemire enyigizizo z’okurhafâ kw’obugumaguma, garhakûla ezo nyigirizo omu Bibliya, cikone ganazikûle omu filizofi z’Abagiriki ba mîra. E Encyclopædia Britannica edesire ntya: “Emilongo y’Ebibliya eganirire obugumaguma eba eyerekire okuyisa erhanahizireho olubero egarhi k’obugumaguma n’omubiri. Entanya z’amadîni gacihamagala ga Cikristu zihizire olubero egarhi k’obumaguma n’omubiri zarhengaga omu filozofi z’Abagiriki ba mîra.”

 Enyigirizo za Nnâmahanga zirhajira olushangi haguma n’efilozofi za bene bantu, nk’obwemere bw’okurhafâ kw’obugumaguma. Lubero n’oko, Ebibliya erhurhonzire ntya: “Mumanye hankanajira owammujira baja n’obwenguza bw’efilozofiya y’obunywesi, erya eyegemera emigenzo y’abantu.”​—Abakolosi 2:8.