Danho Rokutanga—Kuidzeya Pamberi Pedare Repamusorosoro

ZUVA RAKASARUDZWA kuidzeya pamberi poMutongi Mukuru William Rehnquist nevamwe vatongi vasere veDare Repamusorosoro rakanga riri February 26, 2002. Nyaya yeZvapupu zvaJehovha yaimiririrwa nemagweta mana.

Gweta raitungamirira Zvapupu rakatanga kutaura nemashoko anobata pfungwa richiti: “Inguva dza11:00 musi woMugovera mangwanani muMusha weStratton. [Rakabva ragogodza katatu patafura.] ‘Magwanani. Nemhaka yezvichangobva kuitika, ndaedza chaizvo kuti ndiuye pamba penyu kuti nditaure nemi pamusoro peizvo Muprofita Isaya akataura nezvazvo sezvinhu zviri nani. Ndiwo mashoko akanaka ayo Jesu Kristu akataura nezvawo, mashoko akanaka oUmambo hwaMwari.’”

Rakaenderera mberi richiti: “Imhosva kuenda pasuo nesuo muMusha weStratton ndokutaura mashoko iwayo kutoti kana munhu atanga awana mvumo kubva kuvakuru vomumusha wacho kuti adaro.”

‘Hamukumbiri Mari Here?’

Mutongi Stephen G. Breyer akabvunza Zvapupu mibvunzo yakakosha. Akabvunza kuti: “Ichokwadi here kuti vanhu vako havakumbiri mari, chero sendi, uye kuti havatengesi maBhaibheri, uye kuti hapana chavari kutengesa, chavanongoita chete kuti, ‘ndinoda kutaura newe nezvechitendero’?”

Gweta reZvapupu rakapindura kuti: “Changamire, chokwadi chacho chiri pachena, muMusha weStratton, Zvapupu zvaJehovha hazvina kukumbira mari. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo chokwadi chiri pachena kuti dzimwe nguva vanotaura kuti munhu angabvisa mupiro waanoda. . . . Hatisi kukumbira mari. Tiri kungoda kutaura nevanhu nezveBhaibheri.”

Panodiwa Mvumo Yehurumende Here?

Mutongi Antonin Scalia akabvunza zvine pfungwa kuti: “Ndizvo here kuti muri kuti hamufaniri kuenda kuna meya mokumbira mvumo yokutaura nomuvakidzani wenyu nezvechimwe chinhu chakakosha?” Gweta reZvapupu rakapindura kuti: “Hatifungi kuti Dare rino rinofanira kudzika mutemo weHurumende unoda kuti mugari womunyika muno awane rezenesi rokutaura nomumwe munhu pamba pomunhu iyeye.”

Kuchinja Kwenyaya Yaitaurwa, Kuchinja Kwemanzwiro

Yakanga yava nguva yokuti vakuru voMusha wacho vataurewo nyaya yavo. Gweta raitungamira rakatsanangura mutemo weStratton, richiti: “Musha weStratton uri  kuita basa rawo rokudzora paunenge uchida kuchengetedza kusada kudzongonyedzwa kwevagari vemo, paunoda kudzivisa utsotsi. Mutemo wokurambidza kuenda padzimba dzevanhu uchitsvaka rutsigiro kana kukumbira mari pazvinhu zvevanhu unongoda kuti utange wanyoresa uye kutakura rezenesi pakufamba pasuo nesuo.”

Mutongi Scalia akabva angonanga pamwoyo penyaya yacho paakabvunza kuti: “Munoziva nezveimwe nyaya yatakatonga [muDare Repamusorosoro] yaiva nomutemo worudzi urwu, inosanganisira kupemha, kusakumbira mari, kusatengesa zvinhu, somuenzaniso kunyange kuti, ‘Ndinoda kutaura nezvaJesu Kristu,’ kana kuti ‘Ndinoda kutaura nezvokuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza?’ Takambova nenyaya yakadaro here?”

Mutongi Scalia akaenderera mberi achiti: “Hapana nyaya dzakadaro dzandinoziva ini, kunyange kwemakore mazana maviri chaiwo.” Zvakabva zvaita kuti Mutongi Mukuru Rehnquist apindure achiseka kuti: “Hauna kumborarama nguva yakareba kudaro.” Vanhu vakabva vati bvuu mudare. Mutongi Scalia akaenderera mberi achiti: “Iyi nyaya itsva kwandiri ini.”

Ipfungwa Yakanaka Here?

Mutongi Anthony M. Kennedy akabvunza mubvunzo wakananga kuti: “Unofunga kuti ipfungwa yakanaka kuti ndinofanira kukumbira Hurumende kuti indipe mvumo ndisati ndadzika nomugwagwa, kwandisingazivi vanhu vose, ndobva ndati, Ndinoda kutaura nemi nezvokutorwa kwemarara, nokuti ndiri kunetseka nezvoMumiririri wedu, kana zvimwe zvakadaro. Ndingafanira kukumbira Hurumende ndisati ndadaro here?” Akabva ati, “Haiwa, zvinoshamisa izvi.”

Ipapo Mutongi Sandra Day O’Connor akapindawo mudariro, achibvunza kuti: “Zvakadini nevana vaya vanokumbira zvipo panguva yeHalloween vachiti kana vakanyimwa votyisidzira kukuvadza mwene wemba? Vanofanira kuwana rezinesi here?” Vatongi vanoti O’Connor naScalia vakaramba vachitaura maererano nemafungiro aya. Mutongi O’Connor akataura imwezve pfungwa achiti: “Zvakadini nokukumbira kapu yeshuga kumuvakidzani? Ndinofanira kuwana rezinesi kuti ndikumbire kapu yeshuga kumuvakidzani wangu here?”

Zvapupu ZvaJehovha Zvinofamba Zvichitsvaka Mashoko Here?

Mutongi David H. Souter akabvunza kuti: “Nei mutemo uyu wadzikirwa Zvapupu zvaJehovha? Vanhu vanofamba vachitsvaka mashoko, vachikumbira mari, vachipemha, kana kutengesa zvinhu here? Havasi pakati peava, varipo here?” Gweta roMusha rakataura zvaiva mumutemo wacho zvakawanda ndokuwedzera kuti dare duku rakanga rambotonga rakatsanangura Zvapupu zvaJehovha sevanhu vanofamba vachitsvaka mashoko kuvanhu. Achipindura izvi, Mutongi Souter akati: “Saka une tsanangudzo yakakura yomunhu anonzi anofamba achitsvaka mashoko kuvanhu, kana achisanganisira Zvapupu zvaJehovha.”

Mutongi Breyer akabva ataura tsanangudzo yeduramazwi kuti aratidze kuti munhu anofamba achitsvaka pfungwa dzevanhu (canvasser) akasiyana neZvapupu zvaJehovha. Akawedzera kuti: “Handina kumboverenga chinhu mutsanangudzo yako chinoratidza chinangwa chokuti vanhu ava [Zvapupu zvaJehovha] vanenge vasingadi mari, vasingadi zvokutengesa, kunyange kuda mavhoti, vaende kuna meya kunonyoresa. Chinangwa chevakuru veguta racho ndechei?”

“Kodzero” Yokukurukurirana

Gweta roMusha rakabva rati “chinangwa chevakuru veguta ndechokudzivisa kunyaudzwa kwomuridzi wemba.” Rakabva rawedzera kuti chakanga chiri chokuchengetedza vagari vomumusha kuti varege kubiridzirwa uye kutsotswa. Mutongi Scalia akataura mashoko omumutemo wacho kuti aratidze kuti meya anogona kurayira kupiwa mamwe mashoko pamusoro peanenge achida kunyoresa wacho uye chinangwa chake “kuti anyatsotsanangura kodzero inenge ichidiwa.”  Akabva awedzera zvakananga kuti: “Apa ikodzero yokuenda kunonyengetedza mugari womunyika sewe nezvechimwe chinhu—handioni kuva nomusoro kwacho.”

Mutongi Scalia akabva asimbirira achiti: “Saka munoda kuti munhu wose anoridza bhero pamusiwo atange anodhindwa zvigunwe kumahofisi asati ave kubvumirwa kuridza bhero here? Chitsotsi chiduku chingaitika ipapo chingada kuti munhu wose anoridza bhero repamusuo aende kunonyoresa kumahofisi here? Aiwaka, handizvo.”

Vanhu Vanochengetedzwa Here?

Maminitsi ake 20 apera, aiva gweta roMusha akapa mapepa avaipikisa nawo kumuchuchisi mukuru weOhio. Akataura achiti mutemo wokurambidza kupemha waichengetedza vagari vemo kushanyirwa nomutorwa, “munhu asina kukokwa, ari pamusha pangu . . . uye ndinofunga kuti vanhu vomumusha vane kodzero yokuti, ‘Tiri kushushikana nezvokuita kwakadaro.’”

Mutongi Scalia akazobva ati: “Saka vakuru veMusha uyu vari kuti kunyange vanhu vaya vanogamuchira Zvapupu zvaJehovha, kunyange vakagara havo vasina wokutaura naye, kana vachida kutaura nomumwe munhu nezveimwe nyaya, vanhu ava [Zvapupu zvaJehovha] vachiri kutofanira chete kunyoresa kuna meya kuti vawane kodzero yokuridza bhero repamusuo wavo.”

“Kungorambidza Kune Mwero”

Panguva yokubvunza, Mutongi Scalia akataura pfungwa huru paakati: “Tose tinobvuma kuti nzanga dzakachengeteka zvikuru ndedziya dzine utongi hwoudzvinyiriri. Kune matsotsi mashoma. Ipfungwa inozivikanwa nomunhu wose, uye kurasikirwa norusununguko kunopa ngozi huru yokuita zvinopesana nomutemo, uye nyaya inosara iripo ndeyokuti mutemo uyu unomisa mabasa asiri epamutemo zvokuti ungada kuti munhu apiwe kodzero yokuridza bhero repamba pomumwe munhu.” Muchuchisi mukuru akabva apindura kuti uku “kurambidza kune mwero.” Mutongi Scalia akapindura kuti wakanga uine mwero zvokuti “hatigoni kuwana nyaya imwe inotaura nezveimwe minisiparati yakagadza mutemo worudzi urwu. Handifungi kuti izvozvo zvine mwero.”

Pakupedzisira, aiswa pakona nomumwe wevatongi vacho, muchuchisi mukuru akabvuma kuti: “Ndinotya kutaura kuti pave nomutemo unorambidza zvachose kuridza bhero repasuo kana kugogodza.” Nemashoko iwayo, akabva apedza.

Richiramba, gweta reZvapupu rakataura kuti mutemo wacho wakanga usina urongwa hwokuratidza kuti uri ani. “Ndinogona kuenda kumahofisi ndoti ‘Ndini [nhingi],’ ndowana mvumo yokuenda pasuo nesuo.” Akataurawo kuti meya ane simba rokuramba kupa mvumo kumunhu anoti haana sangano raanotsigira. “Tinodavira kuti zviri pachena kuti apa anogona kusarudza zvaanoda kuita,” akadaro ndokuwedzera kuti: “Ndinotaura noruremekedzo kuti basa redu [Zvapupu zvaJehovha] rinodzorwa nezviri muFirst Amendment.”

Izvi zvichangopera, Mutongi Mukuru Rehnquist akapedza kudzeyiwa kwaiitwa achiti: “Nyaya yakwidzwa [kuDare Repamusorosoro].” Zvose izvi zvakanga zvangotora nguva inoda kuti pfuurei awa. Kukosha kwakanga kwakaita awa iyoyo kwaizoratidzwa mumutongo wakanyorwa wakaziviswa muna June.

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 6]

Mutongi Mukuru Rehnquist

Mutongi Breyer

Mutongi Scalia

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Rehnquist: Yakabva muThe Supreme Court Historical Society/naDane Penland; Breyer: Yakabva muThe Supreme Court Historical Society/naRichard Strauss; Scalia: Yakabva muThe Supreme Court Historical Society/naJoseph Lavenburg

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 7]

Mutongi Souter

Mutongi Kennedy

Mutongi O’Connor

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Kennedy: Yakabva muThe Supreme Court Historical Society/naRobin Reid; O’Connor: Yakabva muThe Supreme Court Historical Society/naRichard Strauss; Souter: Yakabva muThe Supreme Court Historical Society/naJoseph Bailey

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 8]

Mukati medare

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Mufananidzo naFranz Jantzen, Yakabva muThe Supreme Court reUnited States