Motokari, Dzekare Nedzazvino

KUBVIRA pasi chigare, munhu ave achifarira zvinhu zvokufambisa. Pakutanga, aishandisa mhuka pakufamba. Asi paidiwa zvimwe zvokufambisa zvinokurumidza. Chinhu chaikosha raiva vhiri, rakaita kuti pagadzirwe ngoro dzemabhiza. Zvisinei, unyanzvi hwomuzana remakore rechi19 hwakachinja zvinhu zvokufambisa munzira dzakanga dzisina kumbofungwa nezvadzo.

Injini Dziri Nani

Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi19, mumwe murume wokuGermany ainzi Nikolaus August Otto akagadzira injini ine pisitoni inofamba ka4 kuti ipedze kutenderera inoshanda nepeturu, yakazobva yatora nzvimbo yeinjini dzomweya uye dzemagetsi. Carl Benz naGottlieb Daimler vokuGermany vakanga vari vokutanga mukugadzira motokari muEurope. Muna 1885, Benz aishandisa motokari ine mavhiri matatu yaifamba neinjini ine pisitoni inofamba kaviri kuti ipedze kutenderera, injini yaifamba nepisitoni imwe yaitenderera ka250 paminiti.  Daimler akanga ave achigadzira injini dzepeturu dzinogara panzvimbo imwe chete kubvira muna 1872. Anodarika makore gumi gare gare, achishanda naWilhelm Maybach, akagadzira injini inomhanya kwazvo yaiva nekabhareta yaiita kuti vashandise peturu semafuta acho.

Pasina nguva refu Daimler naMaybach vakagadzira injini inotenderera ka900 paminiti. Gare gare vakagadzira injini yechipiri, yavakaisa pabhasikoro uye vakafamba naro kokutanga musi waNovember 10, 1885. Muna 1926 makambani aDaimler naBenz akabatana ndokutanga kutengesa zvigadzirwa zvawo nezita rokuti Mercedes-Benz. * Mufunge zvenyu, varume ava havana kumbobvira vasangana.

Muna 1890 varume vaviri vokuFrance—Emile Levassor naRené Panhard—mugaraji ravo vakagadzira motokari ine mavhiri mana yakanga iine injini nechepakati pomutanda. Gore rakatevera vakaisa injini yacho nechokumberi, payakanga yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka paguruva nematope emigwagwa yakanga isina tara.

Kuita Kuti Motokari Dziwanikwe Nyore

Motokari dzokutanga dzakanga dzichidhura kwazvo, zvichiita kuti vakawanda vasakwanisa kudzitenga. Asi izvi zvakachinja muna 1908, apo Henry Ford akatanga kugadzira  motokari dzakawanda dzeModel T. Motokari iyi yakachinja indasitiri yezvokugadzirwa kwemotokari. Yakanga isingadhuri, ichiita mabasa akawanda, uye isingashupi kugadzirisa. Kunyange vanhu vakanga vachiwana mari shoma vaigona kuitenga. * Maererano nebhuku rinonzi Great Cars of the 20th Century, Model T “ndiyo yakaita kuti America—uye pakupedzisira nyika yose—iwane motokari.”

Iye zvino, papera anenge makore zana, vakawanda vanoona motokari sechinhu chinokosha kwete chokunakidzwa nacho. Chokwadi, kumwe kunzvera kwakabudiswa mupepanhau reIndependent reLondon kunoratidza kuti dzimwe nguva vanhu vanodzishandisa kwerwendo rusingasviki kiromita.

Kufambira mberi kwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kwakaita kuti dzigone kumhanya kwazvo uye dzive dzakachengeteka. Chokwadi, mumakore achangopfuura tsaona dzakaipisisa dzakaderera munyika dzakawanda. Kune vamwe, kuchengeteka kwemotokari yacho ndiko kunokosha pavanotenga pane kutarisa runako rwacho. Somuenzaniso, kugadzirwa zvakanaka kwezvinodzivisa kunyanya kufonyoka kwemotokari kana yapinda mungozi kunoita kuti munogara mutyairi nevaanotakura musare makati chengetekei. Mabhureki asingasungi kuti shwee anoita kuti motokari idzoreke zvakanaka mumugwagwa unotsvedza. Mabhandi  onobata panzvimbo nhatu anodzivirira chipfuva pamwe nehudyu, nepo chibhegi chinozara mweya kana yabondera chinodzivisa musoro kuti usarovera pachidhiraivho kana padheshibhodhi. *

Hungu, hapana chinokunda tsika dzokutyaira dzakanaka. “Hazvina chazvinoshanda kuti motokari dzive dzakachengeteka nepo isu tichityaira zvisina kunaka; hapana kana ruzivo rwepamusorosoro rwezvokuchengeteka rungatiponesa kana tikatyora mimwe mitemo yezvakasikwa,” inodaro El Economista, yeMexico City.

Dzimwe motokari dzanhasi dzinoita kunge misha inofamba. Dzakawanda dzine redhiyo inoridza maCD, terevhizheni, foni, uye zvokuchuna-chuna kumashure nemberi. Panewo motokari dzine michina inoratidza paunenge uri, zvichiita kuti vatyairi vasarudze nzira yakanaka inoenda kwavari kuenda. Mimwe michina inopa mashoko azvino uno ezvinetso zviri mumugwagwa wacho. Chokwadika, kuva nezvinhu zvazvino uno uye motokari dzichangoburwa zvazova nyembe chaiyo kune vanhu vakawanda—musambo uyo vanogadzira nevanoshambadza vasina kungosiya zvavo.

Sezvataona, motokari yakachinja zvikuru kubva zvayakatanga kuvapo rinopfuura zana remakore radarika. Ikashandiswa nenzira kwayo uye zvisina ngozi, inogona kuva chishandiswa chine simba mune zvebhizimisi kana chokunakidzwa pakufamba.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Chati/Mifananidzo iri papeji 22-25]

Makore anoratidzwa ndiyo nguva yadzakagadzirwa

1885 Benz Motor Car

Motokari chaiyo inofamba yokutanga munyika

1907-25 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost

Yaimhanya, ine simba, isina ruzha, iri youmbozha, uye yakasimba

1908-27 Ford Model T

Yakaita kuti dzigadzirwe dzakawanda; motokari dzinopfuura 15 000 000 dzakatengeswa

Necheshure: Mumudungwe maigadzirirwa motokari dzaFord

1930-7 Cadillac V16 7.4-L

Injini yokutanga uye yakabudirira zvikuru yakanga ine mapisitoni 16 yakabudirira kugadzirwa munyika

1939–kusvika nhasi Volkswagen Beetle

Dzinopfuura 20 000 000 dzakagadzirwa. Beetle itsva (pasi nechokuruboshwe) yakabudiswa muna 1998

1941–kusvika nhasi Jeep

Ingangova iyo motokari inozivikanwa zvikuru pasi pose

1948-65 Porsche 356

Yakagadzirwa zvakafanana neVolkswagen Beetle; yakaita kuti Porsche abudirire

1952-7 Mercedes-Benz 300SL

Yakapiwa zita rokunemera rokuti Gullwing, ndiyo motokari yokutanga yakanga ine furema uye ine injini inodira mafuta zvakananga

1955-68 Citroën DS 19

Yakanga ine haidhiroriki muchidhiraivho, mabhureki, magiya mana, isingaiti mabhambo

1959–kusvika nhasi Mini

Motokari iyi yaiva nezvitsva uye yakanga yakakurumbira yaibudirira chaizvo mumijaho nemakwikwi

1962-4 Ferrari 250 GTO

Yakanga ine simba zvikuru ine mapisitoni 12, motokari yomujaho yaimhanya zvakaomarara

1970-3 Datsun 240Z

Yakanga iri motokari isingadhuri yakasimba yokuitisa mijaho

1970-kusvika nhasi Range Rover

Inonzi ndiyo motokari yakanakisisa pasi pose inodhonza nemavhiri mana yati yagadzirwa

1984-kusvika nhasi Chrysler Minivan

Yakaita kuti patange fashoni ye“minivan”

Thrust SSC

Musi waOctober 15, 1997, ichiyambuka gwenga reBlack Rock, muNevada, kuU.S.A., yakamhanya zvisati zvamboitwa kusvika 1 228 km paawa imwe chete.

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Benz-Motorcar: DaimlerChrysler Classic; necheshure: Mukoma Nomunin’ina vokwaBrown; Model T: Mufananidzo wakapiwa neVIP Classics; Rolls-Royce: Mufananidzo wakapiwa neRolls-Royce & Bentley Motor Cars

Jeep: Mufananidzo wakapiwa neDaimlerChrysler Corporation; Beetle nhema: Mufananidzo wakapiwa neVintage Motors of Sarasota; Beetle yeyero: VW Volkswagen AG

Citroën: © CITROËN COMMUNICATION; Mercedes Benz: PRNewsFoto

Chrysler Minivan: Mufananidzo wakapiwa neDaimlerChrysler Corporation; Datsun: Nissan North America; Thrust SSC: AP Mufananidzo na/Dusan Vranic