Kurambidza Kushandisa Zita raMwari

HANANIAH BEN TERADION aiva mudzidzisi womutemo wechiJudha womuzana remakore rechipiri C.E., uye aizivikanwa nokuitisa misangano pachena paaidzidzisa Sefer Torah, mupumburu waiva nemabhuku mashanu okutanga eBhaibheri. Ben Teradion aizivikanwawo nokushandisa zita raMwari chairo nokuridzidzisa vamwe. Aizodzidzisa Torah chirudzii asingadzidzisi zita raMwari sezvo mabhuku mashanu okutanga eBhaibheri aine zita raMwari kanopfuura ka1 800?

Zvisinei, mazuva airarama Ben Teradion akanga ane ngozi kuvadzidzisi vomutemo wechiJudha. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzechiJudha dzakaitika, mambo weRoma akanga adzika mutemo wokuti vanodzidzisa kana kutevedzera chitendero chechiJudha vatongerwe rufu. VaRoma vakazoguma vasunga Ben Teradion. Paakasungwa akanga akabata Sefer Torah. Achipindura vaimupomera, akabvuma pachena kuti, pakudzidzisa Bhaibheri, akanga ari kungoteerera murayiro waMwari. Kunyange zvakadaro, akatongerwa rufu.

Musi waakaurayiwa, Ben Teradion akanga akaputirwa mumupumburu weBhaibheri uya waakanga akabata paakasungwa. Ndokubva apisirwa padanda. Encyclopaedia Judaica inotaura kuti “akaiswa donje nyoro pachipfuva chake kuitira kuti arwadziwe kwenguva refu uye anonoke kufa.” Pachirango chaakapiwa, mudzimai wake akaurayiwawo uye mwanasikana wake akatengeswa kuti anoita zvechipfambi.

Kunyange zvazvo vaRoma vari ivo vakauraya Ben Teradion noutsinye, Talmud * inotaura kuti “akapiwa chirango chokupiswa nokuti akataura Zita raMwari rakazara.” KuvaJudha, kutaura zita raMwari chairo zvechokwadi kwaiva kutyora mutemo kwakakomba.

 Murayiro Wechitatu

Sezviri pachena, muzana remakore rokutanga nerechipiri C.E., pfungwa yokuti kushandisa zita raMwari kunoyera yakamuka pakati pavaJudha. Mishnah (bumbiro remabhuku evadzidzisi vomutemo wechiJudha iro rakaita kuti pave neTalmud) rinoti “munhu anotaura zita raMwari rakazara” haana nhaka muParadhiso yepasi yomunguva yemberi yakapikirwa naMwari.

Kurambidza kwacho kwakatanga sei? Vamwe vanoti vaJudha vaiona zita raMwari sedzvene zvakanyanya zvokuti ritaurwe nevanhu vasina kukwana. Vanhu vakazoguma vave kuzeza chero kutonyora zita racho. Maererano nerimwe bhuku, kutya ikoko kwakavapo nemhaka yokutyira kuti bhuku rainyorwa zita racho raigona kuzoraswa, zvichiguma nokuzvidzwa kwezita raMwari.

Encyclopaedia Judaica inoti “kurega kutaura zita rokuti YHWH . . . kwakakonzerwa nokusanzwisisa Murayiro Wechitatu.” Murayiro wechitatu paMirayiro Gumi wakapiwa vaIsraeri naMwari unoti: “Usareva zita raJehovha Mwari wako pasina; nokuti Jehovha haangaregi kupa mhosva unoreva zita rake pasina.” (Eksodho 20:7) Saka mutemo waMwari wairambidza kushandisa zita rake zvisina kufanira wakamonyaniswa kuva chinhu chinoyera.

Zvechokwadi nhasi hapana anoti Mwari angada kuti munhu apiswe padanda nokuti ataura zita rake! Asi, kuona zita raMwari chairo serinoyera kwevaJudha kuchiripo nanhasi. Vakawanda vachiri kutaura nezveTetragrammaton se“Zita Risingatauriki” uye “Zita Risingatsananguriki.” Vamwe vanhu vanotaura zita raMwari zvisizvo nemaune nguva dzose kuti vasaputsa tsika iyi. Somuenzaniso, mashoko okudimburira zita raMwari okuti Jah, kana Yah, anotaurwa achinzi Kah. Harerujah anotaurwa achinzi Harerukah. Vamwe havatonyori shoko rokuti “Mwari,” vachitsiva mamwe mabhii aro nekamutsetse. Somuenzaniso kana vamwe vachida kunyora shoko rokuti “Mwari,” havarinyori zvakazara.

Zvimwezve Zvakaitwa Kuvanza Zita Racho

Zvechokwadi chitendero chechiJudha hachisi icho choga chinorega nemaune kushandisa zita raMwari. Funga nezvaJerome, aiva mupristi weKaturike uye munyori waPope Damasus I. Mugore ra405 C.E., Jerome akapedza basa rake rokushandurira Bhaibheri rose muchiLatin, yakazozivikanwa seshanduro yeVulgate yechiLatin. Jerome haana kushandisa zita raMwari mushanduro yake. Asi, achitevedzera zvaiitwa munguva yake, akatsiva zita raMwari nemashoko okuti “Ishe” uye “Mwari.” Shanduro yeVulgate yechiLatin yakava shanduro yeBhaibheri yevaKaturike yokutanga yakabvumirwa uye ndiyo yakashandiswa kuita dzimwe shanduro mumitauro yakawanda.

Somuenzaniso, Douay Version, shanduro yeKaturike yomuna 1610, yaingova shanduro yeVulgate yechiLatin yakashandurirwa muChirungu.  Saka hazvishamisi kuti Bhaibheri iri rakanga risina zita raMwari zvachose. Zvisinei, Douay Version yakanga isingori shandurowo zvayo yeBhaibheri. Yakazova Bhaibheri roga raibvumirwa vaKaturike vaitaura Chirungu kusvikira kuma1940. Chokwadi kwemazana emakore, mamiriyoni evaKaturike vakazvipira akanga akavanzirwa zita raMwari.

Chimbofungawo nezveKing James Version. Muna 1604 mambo wokuEngland, James I, akatuma boka renyanzvi kushandurira Bhaibheri muChirungu. Anenge makore manomwe gare gare, vakabudisa King James Version, inozivikanwawo seAuthorized Version.

Mushanduro iyiwo, vashanduri vakasarudza kurega nemaune kushandisa zita raMwari, vachingorishandisa mundima shomanana bedzi. Munzvimbo zhinji zita raMwari rakatsiviwa neshoko rokuti “ISHE” kana kuti “MWARI” richimiririra Tetragrammaton. Shanduro iyi ndiyo yakava Bhaibheri raishandiswa nemamiriyoni evanhu. World Book Encyclopedia inoti “kwemakore anopfuura 200 hapana shanduro dzeBhaibheri dzeChirungu dzinokosha dzakavapo pashure pokubudiswa kweShanduro yaKing James. Panguva iyi, King James Version ndiyo yaiva shanduro yainyanya kushandiswa nevanhu vaitaura Chirungu.”

Dziri pamusoro apa dzinongova shanduro dzeBhaibheri nhatu bedzi pane dzakawanda dzakabudiswa mumazana emakore apfuura dzinosiya kana kuti dzinorerutsa zita raMwari. Saka hazvishamisi kuti vakawanda vanozviti vaKristu nhasi vanozeza kushandisa zita raMwari kana kuti havatorizivi zvachose. Zvechokwadi, mumakore apfuura vamwe vashanduri veBhaibheri vakashandisa zita raMwari mushanduro dzavo. Zvisinei, zhinji dzacho dzakabudiswa munguva pfupi yapfuura uye hadzina kunyanya kuchinja mafungiro evazhinji pamusoro pezita raMwari.

Muitiro Usingawirirani Nokuda kwaMwari

Kutadza kushandisa zita raMwari kwakakurumbira kunoparirwa netsika dzevanhu kwete nedzidziso dzeBhaibheri. “Hapana chiri muTorah chinorambidza munhu kutaura Zita raMwari. Zvechokwadi, zviri pachena mumagwaro kuti Zita raMwari raigara richitaurwa,” anotsanangura kudaro mutsvakurudzi wechiJudha Tracey R. Rich, munyori wepanobudisirwa mashoko paIndaneti panonzi Judaism 101. Hungu munguva inotaurwa muBhaibheri vanamati vaMwari vaishandisa zita rake.

Sezviri pachena, kuziva zita raMwari nokurishandisa kunotiswededza pedyo nokumunamata nenzira yaanoda sokunamatwa kwaaiitwa munguva inotaurwa muBhaibheri. Izvi zvinogona kuva nhano yedu yokutanga pakuva noukama naye, zvitori nani zvikuru kudarika kungoziva zita rake. Jehovha Mwari anotikurudzira kuva noukama hwakadaro naye. Akafuridzira mashoko okukoka noushamwari, anoti: “Swederai pedyo naMwari, uye achaswedera pedyo nemi.” (Jakobho 4:8) Zvisinei, ungabvunza kuti, ‘Munhu anofa angava sei noukama hwepedyo hwakadaro naMwari Wamasimba ose?’ Nyaya inotevera inotsanangura kuti ungava sei noukama naJehovha.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 6]

Harerujah!

Unofungei paunonzwa shoko rokuti “Harerujah”? Pamwe rinokuyeuchidza nezvorwiyo rwaHandel runonzi “Messiah,” rwakanaka zvikuru rwokuma1700 rune korasi ine simba yokuti Harerujah. Zvechokwadi unofanira kunge wakambonzwa shoko rokuti “Harerujah” kune imwe nzvimbo. Pamwe unotombopota uchirishandisa pane dzimwe nguva. Asi unoziva kuti rinorevei here?

Harerujah—Kushandura kwokutevedzera shoko rechiHebheru rokuti ha·lelu-Yahʹ, rinoreva kuti “rumbidzai Jah.”

Jah—Kudimburira kwokudetemba kunoitwa zita raMwari rokuti Jehovha. Rinooneka muBhaibheri kanopfuura ka50, kazhinji riri mushoko rokuti “Harerujah.”

[Bhokisi riri papeji 7]

Muzita Rako Mune Zita raMwari Here?

Mazita mazhinji omuBhaibheri achakakurumbira nanhasi. Dzimwe nguva zvaireva mazita aya pakuvamba muchiHebheru zvaitobatanidza zita raMwari chairo. Heino mienzaniso mishomanana yemazita akadaro nezvaanoreva. Pamwe zita rako nderimwe rawo

Joana—“Jehovha Aratidza Nyasha”

Joere—“Jehovha ndiMwari”

Johani—“Jehovha Aratidza Tsitsi”

Jonatani—“Jehovha Apa”

Josefa—“Jah Ngaawedzere” *

Joshua—“Jehovha Ruponeso”

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

 [Bhokisi riri papeji 8]

Mashoko omuBhaibheri Anoreva Mwari

Mashoko echiHebheru eMagwaro Matsvene anoshandisa mashoko akawanda anoreva Mwari, akadai saWamasimba ose, Musiki, Baba, uye Ishe. Asi, nzvimbo dzaanotaurwa nezvake nezita rake chairo dzinopfuura nokure mamwe mashoko aya ose abatanidzwa. Sezviri pachena, Mwari anoda kuti tishandise zita rake. Funga nezvemashoko anotevera sokuonekwa kwaanoita muMagwaro echiHebheru. *

Jehovha—ka6 973

Mwari—ka2 605

Wamasimba ose—ka48

Ishe—ka40

Muiti—ka25

Musiki—ka7

Baba—ka7

Akakwegura pamazuva—ka3

Murayiridzi Mukuru—ka2

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

 [Bhokisi riri papeji 9]

Mwari Anoita Kuti Zvinhu Zviitike

Nyanzvi dzeBhaibheri hadzinyatsobvumirana kuti zita raMwari rokuti Jehovha rinorevei. Zvisinei, pashure pokutsvakurudza nyaya yacho zvakasimba, vazhinji vanofunga kuti zita racho ishoko rechiito rechiHebheru rokuti ha·wahʹ (iva), zvichireva kuti “Anoita Kuti Zvive Sezvaanoda.”

Saka, muNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, * nhau iri pana Eksodho 3:14, apo Mosesi akabvunza Mwari zita rake inoshandurwa sezvinotevera: “Mwari akati kuna Mosesi: ‘Ndichava iye wandichava.’ Akatizve: ‘Uti kuvanakomana vaIsraeri, “Ndichava ndiye andituma kwamuri.”’”

Kushandura ikoko kwakakodzera nokuti Mwari anokwanisa kuzviita kuti ave chero zvaanoda kuva. Hapana chinogona kumumisa kuva chero zvinenge zvichidiwa kuti aite kuda kwake. Zvinangwa zvake nezvipikirwa nguva dzose zvinoitika. Chinotopfuura zvose ndechokuti Mwari akaratidza kuva Musiki, uyo ane mano asina muganhu okuita kuti zvinhu zviitike. Akaita kuti zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa zvinooneka zvivepo. Akasikawo zviuru zvezvisikwa zvomudzimu. Chokwadi ndiMwari anoita kuti zvinhu zviitike!

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 5]

Mufananidzo waHananiah ben Teradion achiurayiwa

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 8, 9]

Nzvimbo Dzinoratidzwa Zita raMwari Zvakakurumbira

1. Chechi yomuLomborg, Denmark, muzana remakore rechi17

2. Hwindo regirazi rakanyorwa, rechechi yaBern, Switzerland

3. Mipumburu yeGungwa Rakafa murunyoro rwechiHebheru chekare, Israel, munenge muna 30-50 C.E.

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem

4. Mari yesimbi yokuSweden, 1600

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Kungl. Myntkabinettet, Sveriges Ekonomiska Museum

5. Bhuku reminyengetero rechiGerman, 1770

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Kubva mubhuku rinonzi Die Lust der Heiligen an Jehova. Oder: Gebaet-Buch, 1770

6. Mashoko akanyorwa padombo, Bavaria, Germany

7. Dombo reMoabhi, Paris, France, 830 B.C.E.

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Musée du Louvre, Paris

8. Mufananidzo wedenga reChechi, Olten, Switzerland