Hondo Yenyukireya—Ichiri Chinhu Chinotyisa Here?

Nomunyori weMukai! muJapan

“Munhu wose ane pfungwa anotya hondo yenyukireya, uye nyika yose yakabudirira inoronga ichifunga nezvayo. Munhu wose anoziva kuti ndeyoupenzi kwazvo, uye nyika imwe neimwe inopa zvikonzero zvayo zvokuti ionekwe seyakarurama.”—Carl Sagan, nyanzvi yezvomuchadenga.

MUSI WAAUGUST 6, 1945, imwe ndege yehondo yokuAmerica yakadonhedza bhomba reatomu muHiroshima, kuJapan, uye nenguva isipi rakauraya vanhu vakawanda zvikuru nokuparadza zvivako zvizhinji. Iri raiva bhomba reatomu rokutanga rakashandiswa muhondo. Kuputika kwaro kwakaparadza zvachose masikweya kiromita 13 eguta racho, iro raiva nevanhu 343 000. Zvikamu zvinodarika zviviri muzvitatu zvezvivako zveguta racho zvakaparadzwa, ndokuuraya vanhu vanenge 70 000 uye 69 000 vakakuvara. Papera mazuva matatu bhomba rechipiri reatomu rakakandwa, panguva ino muNagasaki; vanhu 39 000 vakaurayiwa uye 25 000 vakakuvara. Inenge hafu yezvivako zveguta racho zvakaparadzwa kana kuti zvakakuvadzwa. Chombo chine simba zvakadaro chakanga chisati chamboshandiswa kubvira kare nakare. Nyika yakanga yachinja. Yakanga yapinda munguva yenyukireya. Mumakore mashomanana, United States, yaichimbova Soviet Union, Great Britain, France, uye China dzakatanga kugadzira bhomba rehydrogen rinotoparadza kupfuura ipapa.

Hondo Yemashoko—kukwikwidzana kwenyika dzechiKomonisiti nedzisiri—kwakakurudzira kugadzirwa kwezvombo zvine simba zvikuru zvenyukireya uye makandirwo azvo. Nyika yakatya pakagadzirwa zvombo zveICBMs (intercontinental ballistic missiles) izvo zvinogona kuita kuti zvombo zvenyukireya zvirove pazvinofanira chaipo munyika dzinenge dziri kure nemakiromita anopfuura 5 600 mumaminitsi panzvimbo pemaawa. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzakatakudzwa zvombo zvenyukireya zvinokandwa zvinokwanisa kuparadza nzvimbo 192 dzakasiyana-siyana. Matura ezvombo zvenyukireya akambofungidzirwa kuti aiva nezvombo zvinenge 50 000 zvinokandwa zvine miromo ine unga hwenyukireya! MuHondo Yemashoko, vanhu vakamira pajengachenga apo vamwe vanhu vakadana kuti Amagedhoni yenyukireya—hondo isina vanokunda.

Kuguma kweHondo Yemashoko

Muma1970, kutsviriridza kweHondo Yemashoko kwakaderedzwa “sezvinoratidzwa muzvibvumirano zveSALT [Strategic Arms Limitation Talks] I neII,” inotsanangura kudaro The Encyclopædia Britannica, “umo nyika mbiri dzine simba dzakabvumirana pauwandu hwezvombo zvadzaifanira kuva nazvo zvinodzivisa zvombo zvinokandwa uye zvombo zvinokandwa zvichinanga panzvimbo chaiyo inodiwa zvinenge zviine nyukireya.” Zvadaro, mukunopera kwema1980 Hondo Yemashoko yakaderera ndokuzoguma.

“Kupera kweHondo Yemashoko kwakaita kuti pave netariro yokuti nhangemutange yokugadzira zvombo zvenyukireya yakanga yagara kwemakore uye kupikisana kweUnited States neRussia zvakanga zvava kupera,” unodaro mumwe mushumo weCarnegie Endowment for International Peace. Zvichitevera kuedza kuderedza zvombo zvenyukireya, mazana ematura enyukireya akaparadzwa mumakore achangodarika aya. Muna 1991 Soviet Union neUnited States dzakasainirana chibvumirano cheTreaty on Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms, kokutanga munhau, icho chaisungira nyika mbiri idzi huru pakugadzira zvombo zvenyukireya kwete kungozvideredza chete asiwo kuti nyika imwe neimwe ideredze kusvika pa6 000 miromo ine unga hwenyukireya yezvombo zvinoparadza simba roupfumi neuto. Pakapera gore ra2001,  nyika dzacho mbiri dzakazivisa kuti dzakanga dzaita maererano nechibvumirano nokuderedza zvombo zvadzo zvenyukireya sezvakanga zvabvumiranwa. Uyezve, muna 2002 chimwe chibvumirano cheMoscow Treaty chakaitwa, icho chinosungira nyika kuderedzazve zvombo kusvika pakati pe1 700 ne2 200 mumakore gumi ari kutevera.

Zvisinei, pasinei nezvose izvozvo zvakaitwa, “ino haisi nguva yokuvarairwa panyaya yokutyisa kwehondo yenyukireya,” akadaro Kofi Annan, Munyori Mukuru weSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzepasi Pose. Akatizve: “Hondo yenyukireya inongoramba iri chinhu chechokwadi, uye pane mukana unotyisa kwazvo wokuti ingangoitika pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi21.” Zvinonzwisa urombo kuti kuparadza kwenyukireya—uko kwakaipa kudarika kwakaitika kuHiroshima nokuNagasaki—tichiri kutyira kuti kunogona kuitika muzuva redu. Ndiani angangomutsa hondo yenyukireya? Zvinotonyanya kukosha, inogona kudziviswa here?