Matai—Anogona Kuponesa Upenyu Hwako!

FUNGIDZIRA wakasungirirwa mumuchina wakaita sekeji yakagadzirwa nesimbi nemagirazi, uye pedyo newe pane asidhi nemafuta asingatani kubvira. Zvino ngatitii keji ine ngozi iyi iri mumhepo, masendimita mashomanana kubva pasi ichimhanya mamita 30 pasekondi yoga yoga. Pakupedzisira, ngatitii muchina wako uyu uri pakati pemimwe yakafanana nawo ichiita besanwa ichimhanya zvikuru!

Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinoitika pose paunopinda mumugwagwa uchityaira motokari. Chii chinokubatsira kuramba uchiidzora uye kunzwa wakachengeteka paunenge uchityaira? Matai ako ndiwo anonyanya kukubatsira.

Basa Rematai

Matai anoita mabasa anokosha akasiyana-siyana. Haangotakuri motokari yako chete asiwo anoita kuti usanzwa mabhambu, makomba nezvimwe zvinokanganisa mumugwagwa. Zvinotokosha ndezvokuti matai ako anoita kuti motokari isatsvedza, chiri chinhu chinodiwa zvikuru kuti ukwanise kumhanyisa motokari, kuidzora, kutsika mabhureki, uye kuti irambe yakadzikama mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana akaita mugwagwa. Asi, chikamu chiduku chete chetai—chakangoda kuenzana nepositikadhi—ndicho chinenge chakatsika pasi nguva dzose.

Sezvo achikosha, ungaitei kuti matai ako arambe achishanda zvakanaka uye asina ngozi? Uye paunenge wava kuda kutsvaka matai, unoziva sei akakodzera motokari yako? Tisati tapindura mibvunzo iyi, ngatimbotarisai nhoroondo yematai muchidimbu.

Vanhu Vakatanga Kushandisa Rabha

Kunyange zvazvo mavhiri ave achishandiswa kwezviuru zvemakore, pfungwa yokuzoisa rabha parimu remavhiri emotokari yakatanga nguva pfupi yapfuura. Rabha yakatanga kuiswa pamavhiri ematanda kana kuti esimbi pakutanga kwema1800. Asi yaikurumidza kupera, saka zvairatidza sokuti mavhiri aiva nerabha akanga asingazorambi achishandiswa—zvakaramba zvakadaro kuzosvikira kwamuka Charles Goodyear, wokuConnecticut, U.S.A., uyo akanga akatsunga kutanga zvitsva. Muna 1839, Goodyear akatanga kubika rabha nesarufa, achishandisa moto nemhepo (vulcanization). Izvi zvakaita kuti rabha iumbike nyore uye isakurumidza kupera. Matai erabha chete akava akakurumbira zvikuru, asi aiva nemabhambu.

 Muna 1845, Robert W. Thomson, injiniya wokuScotland akazivikanwa zviri pamutemo somugadziri wokutanga wetai rinoiswa mweya. Zvisinei, tai rinoiswa mweya iri rakazotanga kutengeserwa vanhu pashure pokunge mumwe murume wokuScotland, John Boyd Dunlop aedza kugadzira bhasikoro romwanakomana wake kuti risanzwika mabhambu. Dunlop akawana kodzero dzepamutemo dzokuti akanga agadzira tai idzva muna 1888 ndokubva atanga kambani yake. Kunyange zvakadaro, pakanga pachine zvipingamupinyi zvaifanira kukundwa pakugadzira tai rinoiswa mweya.

Rimwe zuva muna 1891, mumwe murume wokuFrance akaponjerwa nebhasikoro. Akaedza kurigadzira asi akatadza nokuti tai racho rakanga risingabvi pavhiri rebhasikoro. Akakumbira kubatsirwa naÉdouard Michelin womuFrance imomo, aizivikanwa nokuda kwebasa rake rokubika rabha nesarufa. Michelin akapedza maawa mapfumbamwe achigadzira tai racho. Izvozvo zvakamukurudzira kuti agadzire tai rinoiswa mweya raigona kubviswa pavhiri kuti rigadzirwe zviri nyore.

Matai aMichelin akabudirira chaizvo zvokuti gore rakatevera racho vanhu 10 000 vane mabhasikoro vakanga vava kuashandisa vachifara. Nenguva isipi matai anoiswa mweya akaiswa pangoro dzaidhonzwa nemabhiza muParis, zvikafadza vaifamba nadzo vokuFrance. Muna 1895, kuti aratidze kuti matai anoiswa mweya aigona kushandiswa pamotokari, Édouard nomukoma wake André, vakaaisa pamotokari yemijaho, asi ndiyo yakaita muswe. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vakashamiswa kwazvo nematai aya avakanga vasina kujaira zvokuti vakaedza kucheka matai acho kuti vangoona kuti vana vokwaMichelin vakanga vambovigei mukati mawo!

Muma1930 nomuma1940, zvinhu zvitsva zvinogara, zvakadai serayon, naironi, nepolyester, zvakatsiva zvinhu zvisina kusimba zvakagadzirwa nedonje uye rabha. Hondo Yenyika II yapera, pakatanga urongwa hwokugadzira tai raikwanisa kuchengeta mweya rakanyatsobatana nevhiri, saka chubhu yomukati inochengeta mweya yakanga isingachadiwi. Pava paya, rakazonatsiridzwazve.

Mazuva ano, zvinhu zvinodarika 200 zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira tai. Uye nokuda kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rwemazuva ano, mamwe matai anogona kufamba kwemakiromita 130 000 kana kupfuura, kunyange zvazvo mamwe achigona kumhanya mazana anoverengeka emakiromita paawa imwe ari pamotokari yomujaho. Iye zvino, matai ava kugona kutengwa nomunhu wose.

Kusarudza Matai

Kana une motokari, uchava nebasa rakaoma rokusarudza matai matsva. Unoziva sei kuti matai ako ava kuda kuchinjwa? Nokugara uchiongorora zviratidzo zviri pachena pamatai ako zvokupera kana kukuvara. * Vanogadzira matai vanoagadzira aine zvinoratidza kuti ava kupera, kuti zviratidze kuti tai harichashandi. Zvinoratidza kuti matai ava kupera zvakaita serabha uye zvinenge zvakachinjika mitsetse yetai. Zvakanakawo kuongorora kana tai racho risina kukwatuka, kana rabuda waya, kana mapundu mumativi, nezvimwewo zvisina kunaka. Kana ukaona chimwe chezvinhu izvi, haufaniri kutyaira motokari yacho kusvikira tai racho rakagdzirwa kana kuti rachinjwa. Kana ukatenga matai matsva, chitoro chematai chingatsiva tai rinenge rakuvara racho nomutengo wakaderera kana paine chibvumirano chinoratidza kuti rinogona kutsiviwa mukati menguva yakati kubvira parakatengwa.

Zvakanaka kuchinja matai ari maviri akafanana, anenge ari paekisero imwe chete. Kana uri  kungoisa tai idzva rimwe chete, riise pamwe chete nerine mitsetse ichakanaka kuitira kuti abate pasi zvakafanana pakutsika mabhureki.

Kuongorora marudzi akasiyana-siyana ematai, masaizi, uye mhando kunogona kuvhiringidza. Zvisinei, kana ukapindura mibvunzo mishomanana, uchaona zvichiita nyore. Kutanga, dzokorora zvinokurudzirwa nomugadziri wemotokari yacho. Motokari yako ine zvinhu chaizvo zvinodiwa pairi zvaunofanira kufunga nezvazvo, zvakadai sesaizi yematai nemavhiri, kukwirira kwayo kubva pasi, uye uremu hwainokwanisa kutakura. Mhando yemotokari yako inokoshawo. Motokari dzemazuva ano dzine mabhureki anobatsira kuti mavhiri acho asatsvedza, zvinobatsira motokari kana yava kutsvedza, uye dzinodhonza nemavhiri ose dzakagadzirirwa kuti dzishandise matai orumwe rudzi. Zvinodiwa pamatai acho kazhinji zvinenge zviri mubhuku remotokari yako.

Chimwe chinhu mamiriro omugwagwa. Motokari yako ichagara ichifamba mumigwagwa isina tara kana kuti ine tara, mumvura kana kuti kwakaoma here? Zvingangodaro kuti unofamba mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana. Kana zvakadaro, ungangoda matai anokodzera migwagwa yose kana kuti mamiriro ose okunze.

Unofanirawo kufunga nezvourefu hwenguva ichashanda tai racho uye kuti haritsvedzi zvakadini. Kazhinji, kana tai rakapfava, zvinorevawo kuti haritsvedzi zvakanyanya, asi richakurumidza kupera. Ukuwo, kana tai racho rakaomarara, rinotsvedza asi zvimwe richagara nguva refu. Kuyerwa kwacho kazhinji kunoratidzwa mumabhuku okutengesa munzvimbo dzinotengeswa matai. Zivawo kuti kuyerwa kwezvinogona kuitwa nematai kunosiyana zvichienderana nomugadziri.

Kana wasarudza zvaunoda kuita, mutengo ndiwo ungazoita kuti uite chisarudzo chokupedzisira. Vagadziri vanonyatsozivikanwa kazhinji vanowanzoita matai akasimba uye vanobvuma kugadzira kana kuritsiva kana risina kugara nguva refu.

Kuchengetedza Matai Ako

Kuchengetedza matai zvakakodzera kunosanganisira zvinhu zvitatu: kuita kuti rigare riine mweya wakakwana, kuchinjanisa matai nguva dzose, uye kuita kuti rimwe nerimwe rirambe rakatwasuka zvakakodzera uye risingaremeri divi rimwe chete. Kuita kuti tai rigare riine mweya wakakwana kunokosha zvikuru. Kana tai rine mweya wakawandisa, richakurumidza kupera pakati. Asiwo kana tai rine mweya mushoma, richanyanya kupera kumativi uye motokari ichadya mafuta.

Mwedzi woga woga matai angabudisa magiramu 500 emweya unobuda nomurabha. Usafungidzira kuti unogona kuona kana matai ako ane mweya wakakwana nokungoatarira. Maererano neRubber Manufacturers Association, “tai rinogona kupera hafu yemweya waro asi risingamboratidzi kuti harina mweya!” Saka, shandisa chinoyeresa mweya kuti uone kana tai rako riine mweya wakakwana, uye zviite kanenge kamwe chete pamwedzi. Vazhinji vane motokari  vanochengeta chokuyeresa mweya chiri munzvimbo yavanochengetera zvinhu nechemberi kuitira kuti zvive nyore pakushandisa. Gara uchiongorora matai ako paunochinja oiri muinjini uye kana kuti matai atonhora—nemamwe mashoko, mota yagara isingafambi kwemaawa matatu kana kuti yangofamba kwedaro risingasviki kiromita imwe chete nehafu. Kuti matai anofanira kuva nemweya wakawanda zvakadini kazhinji zvinonyorwa mubhuku remotokari, papepa rinenge rakanamirwa pasuo romutyairi, kana kuti munoisirwa zvinhu nechemberi. Kana uchida kuti motokari yako isanyanya kuita mabhambu, usanyanya kuzadza matai kusvika pokupedzisira sezvakanyorwa padivi retai.

Matai achagara kwenguva refu uye achapera zvakaenzana kana ukagara uchiachinjanisa. Kutoti mugadziri wemotokari yacho achikurudzira zvakasiyana, zvakanaka kuchinjanisa matai pashure pemakiromita 10 000 kusvika ku13 000 oga oga. Zvakare, ongorora zvinokurudzirwa nebhuku remotokari pakuchinjanisa matai.

Pakupedzisira, ita kuti matai ako aongororwe kutwasuka kwawo gore roga roga kana pose paunocherechedza kuti motokari yako yava kuzunguzika zvaisingawanzoiti kana chidhiraivho pachinenge chisingachadzoreki zvakanaka. Kunyange zvazvo masipirin’i nemashoku zviri pamotokari yako zvakagadzirirwa kuti matai arambe akatwasuka painenge yakatakura zvinhu zvouremu hwakasiyana-siyana, kupera nokusakara kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kunoita kuti ade kuongororwa uye kutwasudzwa nguva nenguva. Nyanzvi inonyatsoziva nezvemasipirin’i nemashoku uye kutwasudza mavhiri emotokari inofanira kukwanisa kuita kuti motokari yako ive nemavhiri akanyatsotwasuka, zvozoita kuti matai agare kwenguva refu uye motokari yako isanyanya kunzwika mabhambu.

Matai “Akangwara”

Dzichibatsirwa nemakombiyuta dzimwe motokari dzinogona kunyevera vatyairi kana mweya wava kupera zvokusvika pane ngozi. Mamwe matai anogona kushanda zvakanaka kwenguva pfupi asina mweya, uye mamwe anozvinama kana aponja. Chokwadi, mainjiniya ari kuramba achigadzira mamwe matai anoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana.

Sezvo panova nokufambira mberi muzvinhu, magadzirirwo, masipirin’i nemashoku, zvidhiraivho, uye mabhureki zvichiiswa pamotokari dzamazuva ano, matai anoita kuti kutyaira kusangove nyore chete asiwo anoderedza ngozi.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 15]

Zvokuongorora Pakuchengetedza Matai

Kuongorora Zvinooneka:

□ Mumativi mune mapundu here?

□ Waya dziri kubuda kunze here?

□ Mitsetse ichakadzika zvakakwana here, kana kuti zvinoratidza kuti tai rapera zvava kuoneka?

Tarisawo kuti:

□ Mweya urimo ndiwo unokurudzirwa nomugadziri wemotokari yacho here?

□ Inguva yokuti uchinje matai ako here? (Shandisa makiromita uye nzira yokuchinjanisa matai zvinokurudzirwa nomugadziri wemotokari yacho.)

□ Matai akasiyana-siyana anofanira kuiswa nokuti mwaka unenge wachinja here?

[Mufananidzo]

Zvinoratidza kuti tai rava kupera

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 14]

(Kana uchida masoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

Zvakaita Tai

Mitsetse inoita kuti risatsvedze uye ribate pakukona

Mabhandi anosimbisa mitsetse

Divi rinodzivirira divi retai kuti risakuvadzwa mumugwagwa nomumativi awo

Shinda dzinoita kuti tai risimbe uye rigone kubhenda

Mukati munochengeta mweya unenge uri mukati metai

Waya dzinoita kuti tai ribate pavhiri zvakasimba zvokuti mweya haubudi

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 13]

Bhasikoro nemotokari yekare, zvose zvine matai anogona kuiswa mweya; vashandi vari mufekitari yematai yekare

[Kwazvakatorwa]

The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company