Zvisarudzo Zviripo, Mibvunzo Yazvinomutsa

Chimbofunga nezvokutambudzika kwevakaroorana vapererwa nezano nokushaya mbereko. Saka vanotarisira kubatsirwa nesayenzi yezvokurapa vowana kuti nzira zhinji dzinoshandiswa uye kurapa zvakatangwa kuti zvipedze kushaya mbereko. Zvavanosarudza zvinoita musiyano here, kana uchitombovapo?

NHASI vanhu vakaroorana vasina mbereko vane zvavanogona kuita izvo zvakanga zvisingawaniki makumi emakore mashomanana akapfuura. Asi zvisarudzo izvozvo zvinomutsa mubvunzo unokosha wokuti: Inyaya dzipi dzine chokuita netsika dzinomutswa nenzira dzokubatsira kubata pamuviri? Zvisinei, tisati takurukura nezvazvo, ngatimboonai kuti machechi akasiyana-siyana anoona sei kurapa kwakadaro.

Machechi Anotii?

Muna 1987 Chechi yeKaturike yakabudisa gwaro raitaura kuti zvinhu zvine chokuita nokurapa kushaya mbereko zvakanaka here kana kuti kwete. Gwaro rinozivikanwa seDonum Vitae (Chipo Choupenyu), rakati kana nzira yokurapa ichibatsira kuti vaviri pavanosangana pabonde vakwanise kuwana mbereko, kurapa kwakadaro kunganzi kwakanaka. Asi, gwaro racho rakaratidzawo kuti kana nzira yokurapa ichitora nzvimbo yokusangana pabonde kwevaviri, kurapa kwakadaro kwakaipa. Maererano nemaonero aya, kuvhiya kwokugadzirisa machubhu akavharika uye kushandiswa kwemishonga yokuwana mbereko zvinganzi zvakanaka, asi kubatsira kubata pamuviri kunoitirwa kunze kwomuviri waamai kungava kwakaipa.

Gore rakatevera, dare reU.S. Congress rakaongorora kuti machechi anoona sei kurapa kushaya mbereko. Mushumo wokupedzisira wakaratidza kuti akawanda acho aigamuchira rubatsiro rwokurapa rwagara ruripo, kuisa urume munhengo yokubereka yomukadzi pasina kurara nomurume wake, kurapa kweIVF (in vitro fertilization), chero bedzi zvose zai nourume zviri zvevaviri vacho vakaroorana. Uyezve, mapoka akawanda akaongororwa akati zvakaipa kuparadza tuvana tunenge tuchangobva kunambwa, kuisa urume hwomumwe murume munhengo yokubereka yomukadzi pasina kurara naye, uye kuberekerwa mwana nomumwe mukadzi. *

Muna 1997, European Ecumenical Commission for Church and Society (EECCS), boka rinomiririra machechi eProtestant, Anglican, uye Orthodox, yakaratidza mune rimwe gwaro, kuti vanhu vayo vanoona kubatsira kubata pamuviri zvakasiyana-siyana. Gwaro racho richisimbisa kuti hana yomunhu uye kuva nomutoro zvinobatanidzwa, rakati: “Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvakaoma kutaura nezvemaonero ‘okubvumirana’ enhengo dzemachechi eEECCS. Asi, panotova nemaonero akawanda akasiyana-siyana.”

Zviri pachena kuti maonero anoitwa kubatsira kubata pamuviri anosiyana kwazvo. UN World Health Organization inobvuma kuti ruzivo rwezvenzira dzokubatsira kubata pamuviri “runomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pezvinogamuchirwa nevanhu, tsika uye mitemo.” Vanhu vanofanira kufunga nezvezvinhu zvipi vasati vaita chisarudzo chine chokuita nokubatsirwa kubata pamuviri?

Ndezvipi Zvinobatanidzwa?

Chinhu chikuru chokufunga nezvacho mamiriro ezvinhu ekamwana kachangobva kunambwa. Izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzo unokosha wokuti, Upenyu hunotangira papi—pakubata pamuviri kana kuti pazova paye munhu ava nepamuviri? Chokwadi  mhinduro yacho yaizova nezvainoita pane zvinosarudzwa nevazhinji vakaroorana pamusoro pokurapa kwacho. Somuenzaniso, kana vachidavira kuti upenyu hunotanga apo munhu anobata pamuviri, saka panenge paine mibvunzo mikuru inofanira kufungwa nezvayo.

● Vaviri vacho vanofanira kubvumira here vanachiremba kushandisa nzira dzagara dziripo dzokubatanidza mazai akawanda nourume kupfuura rimwe chete kana akawanda anenge achizoiswa mudumbu, vachichengeta tumwe tuvana kuti tuzoshandiswa munguva yemberi?

● Chii chaizoitika kutuvana itwotwo twakachengetwa kana vakaroorana vacho vaisazokwanisa kana kuti vaisazoda kuva nevamwe vana?

● Chii chaizoitika kutuvana itwotwo twakachengetwa kana vakaroorana vacho vaizorambana kana kuti mumwe wacho aizofa?

● Ndiani aizova nomutoro wakakura wokuparadza tuvana itwotwo?

Nyaya yokuti tuvana twacho tusina kushandiswa kana kuti twakachengetwa tunofanira kuitwa sei haifaniri kurerutswa. Iye zvino mitemo yedzimwe nyika inoda kuti vaviri vacho vaunze gwaro rokubvumira, vachinyatsotaura kuti tumwe tuvana twacho tunofanira kuitwa sei—kureva kuti, kana tuchifanira kuchengetwa, kupiwa vamwe, kushandiswa pakuongorora, kana kuti kubvumirwa kuparara. Vanhu vacho vakaroorana vanofanira kuziva kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo tsika dzinobvumira chipatara chinobatsira kuti pave nembereko kuparadza tuvana tunenge twakachengetwa pasina mvumo yakanyorwa kana twakasiyiwa kwemakore anopfuura mashanu. Mazuva ano, mazana ezviuru etuvana twakaomeswa kuita chando twakachengetwa muzvipatara munyika yose.

Chimwe chinhu chokufunga nezvacho ndechokuti vakaroorana vacho vangakurudzirwa kupa vaongorori tuvana tunenge tusina kushandiswa kuti pawanikwe masero okuongorora. Somuenzaniso, American Infertility Association yakakurudzira vakaroorana kuti vape tuvana twavo twakachengetwa kuti tushandiswe pakuongorora. Chimwe chinangwa chokuongorora masero iwayo ndechokuwana nzira itsva dzokurapa nadzo zvirwere. Asi kuongorora uku kwave kuchimutsa kukakavadzana  kukuru nokuti nzira inoshandiswa kutora masero ekamwana kacho inopedzisira yakaparadza. *

Ruzivo rune chokuita nemagene runomutsawo dzimwe nyaya dzine chokuita netsika. Somuenzaniso, chimbofunga nezvokuongorora zvirwere pakamwana kachangobva kunambwa kasati kaiswa muchibereko [preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD)]. (Ona bhokisi rinoti “Zvakadini Nokuongorora Zvirwere Pakamwana Kachangobva Kunambwa Kasati Kaiswa Muchibereko?”) Iyi nzira inosanganisira kuongorora magene etuvana twacho, kwava kusarudza kamwe chete—zvichida kakomana kana kuti kasikana kana kuti kasina magene anokonzera chirwere—kanozoiswa muchibereko. Vatsoropodzi vanonyevera kuti PGD ingaita kuti pave norusaruro rwokufarira kasikana kana kakomana kana kuti zvingapedzisira zvaita kuti vakaroorana  vazvisarudzire rudzi rwevana vavanoda, kubatanidza zvinhu zvakadai soruvara rwebvudzi kana kuti rwemaziso. PGD inomutsa mubvunzo une chokuita netsika wokuti, Tuvana tusingasarudzwi tunozoitwa sei?

Kubatana Kwevakaroorana Kungakanganiswa Here?

Pakufunga nezvedzimwe nzira dzokurapa kushaya mbereko, pane chimwe chinhu chokufunga nezvacho. Kushandisa mukadzi anoberekera mumwe mukadzi mwana kana kushandisa urume kana kuti mazai zvinobva kune mumwe munhu zvingakanganisa sei kubatana kwevakaroorana? Dzimwe nzira dzingaita kuti pave nomumwe munhu wechitatu kana kuti kunyange wechina kana kuti wechishanu kuti paberekwe mwana.

Nezvokurapa kunosanganisira zvinhu zvinenge zvabva kune mumwe munhu, vanobatanidzwa vacho vanofanira kufunga nezvezvimwewo zvinhu.

● Kubereka kwakadaro kungakanganisa sei mafungiro evabereki kwenguva refu kana mumwe chete—kana kuti vose—vasiri vabereki chaivo vomwana uyu?

● Mwanakomana kana mwanasikana wacho anozoita sei paanozoziva kuti akaberekwa somugumisiro wokunambwa kusiri kwenguva dzose?

● Mwana wacho anofanira kuudzwa here nezvekwaakabva obvumirwa kutsvaka baba kana amai vake chaivo?

● Munhu mumwe chete kana vanopfuura vakapa zvinhu izvi vane kodzero dzipi dzetsika nedzomutemo uye mitoro?

Zvakadini Nokusada Kuzivikanwa?

Mutemo womunyika dzakawanda ndewokuti vanenge vapa zvinhu zvacho vasazivikanwa. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, inotarisira kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvine chokuita nokubatsira kubata pamuviri muBritain, inotsanangura kuti: “Vanhu vanopa zvinhu zvacho vacharamba vasingazivikanwi nevakaroorana vanorapwa pachishandiswa mazai avo kana kuti urume uye vasingazivikanwi nevana vangaberekwa somugumisiro wokurapa ikoko, kunze kweapo vanhu vanopanana zvinhu zvacho vachitozivana havo.”

Zvisinei, mutemo uyu wokuti vanhu vacho vasazivikanwa inyaya inoita kuti vanhu vaitirane nharo kwazvo mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Dzimwe nyika shomanana dzakachinja mitemo yadzo. Vaya vanopikisa mutemo wokuti vanhu varege kuzivikanwa vanosimbisa kuti vana vanofanira kunyatsoziva zvine chokuita navo. Mumwe mushumo unoti: “Vanhu vanopfuura 80 muzana vakarerwa nevabereki vasiri vavo vanotsvaka hama dzavo chaidzo, vakawanda vavo vachida kugutsa chido chokuziva kwavakabva icho chine vanhu vose. Vanenge 70 muzana vanoda kuziva mashoko anokosha ekwavakabva ane chokuita nezvirwere zvinogarwa nhaka zvingangovapo zvevabereki vavo chaivo.”

Mumwe mushumo, wakabva pakubvunzurudzwa kwakaitwa vanhu vakuru 16 vakaberekwa pachishandiswa zvinhu zvinobva kune vamwe vanhu, wakaratidza kuti “vakawanda vakakatyamadzwa pavakaziva kwavakabva chaiko.” Mushumo wacho wakawedzera kuti: “Vakawanda vevana ivavo vainetseka nokusaziva zvine chokuita navo uye vainzwa varaswa. Vainzwa vanyengedzwa uye vasingavimbi nemhuri dzacho.”

Uchasarudza Sei?

Hapana mubvunzo kuti sayenzi yezvokurapa icharamba ichienderera mberi ichinatsiridza kubatsira kubata pamuviri. Vamwe vanofungidzira kuti munguva yemberi 30 muzana yevana vose vachaberekwa ichange iri mugumisiro wokushandiswa kworuzivo urwu. Kukakavadzana pamusoro penyaya dzinobatanidzwa dzine chokuita netsika kucharamba kuripo.

VaKristu vechokwadi vanodzorwa nechimwe chinhu chinotokosha chinofanira kufungwa nezvacho—maonero oMusiki wedu, uyo akaronga kuti pave nokuberekana. (Pisarema 36:9) Chokwadi, Bhaibheri haritauri zvakananga nezvenzira dzokubatsira kubata pamuviri dzemazuva ano, nokuti nzira dzakadaro dzakanga dzisipo panguva yainyorwa Bhaibheri. Zvisinei, Bhaibheri rinotaura zvakajeka mitemo inoratidza mafungiro uye maonero aMwari. (Ona bhokisi rinoti, “Bhaibheri Rinotii?”) Mitemo yakadaro inofanira kutitungamirira pakusarudza zvinhu zvine tsika uye zvinotisiya tiine hana yakanaka naMwari.—1 Timoti 1:5.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 24]

Upenyu Hunotangira Papi?

Shoko rokuti “preembryo” rinoreva kuumbika kwomuviri usati waberekwa mumazuva 14 kubva panosangana urume nezai. Pashure paizvozvo, muviri wacho unozonzi kamwana kachangobva kunambwa (embryo) kusvikira kwapera vhiki sere. Kubva ipapo kanozonzi fetus. Nei shoko rokuti “preembryo” richishandiswa?

Maererano neInternational Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, shoko racho “rakashandiswa kuitira kuti zvibvumirwe kuongorora kamwana kachangobva kunambwa” mumazuva 14 okutanga kubva panobata pamuviri. Rimwe bhuku rinoti: “Kana munhu akatsanangura embryo sechinhu chinoguma chava mwana, nhengo dzinokosha hadziumbiki kusvikira vhiki mbiri dzapera kubva panosangana urume nezai.” Asi kuumbika kwomuviri usati waberekwa kunganzi anongovawo zvawo masero akabatana akangokodzera kushandiswa pakuongorora here? Funga nezvezvinonyatsoitika muvhiki idzi mbiri.

Pashure pokunge urume hwapinda muzai, zvinotora maawa 24 kuti machromosome echirume neechikadzi abatane. Mumazuva mashomanana anotevera, sero racho rinopatsanuka. Mumazuva mana kana kuti mashanu pashure pokunge urume nezai zvasangana, masero akabatana anova kabhora kane buri pakati (kanenge kari kadiki pane musoro wepini) kaine masero ari nechokunze uye mamwe ari nechomukati. Iye zvino anenge ava kunzi blastocyst. Masero akawanda anenge ari nechokunze anozova zvinhu zvisingaumbi kamwana. Zvisinei, kamwana kanokura kubva mumasero anenge ari nechomukati.

Inenge vhiki urume nezai zvasangana, masero acho anonobatirira muchibereko. Blastocyst inobatirira muchibereko yotanga kuumba panobatirira rukuvhute, panozobvumira kupfuura kweokisijeni nezvokudya kubva muropa raamai uye kubudiswa kwetsvina. Maererano nebhuku rinonzi Incredible Voyage—Exploring the Human Body, panenge pazuva rechipfumbamwe masero anenge ari nechomukati anotanga “basa rokuumba munhu mutsva.” Rinowedzera kuti: “Masero iwayo 20 kana kuti anopfuura anochinja-chinja kwazvo uye zvakasiyana-siyana mumazuva mashanu kana kuti matanhatu kuti aumbe zvinhu zvokutanga zvekamwana kacho chaiko. Saka panozopera vhiki rechipiri, “zvinhu zvokutanga” izvi—panozobva gadziriro yokutumira mashoko mumuviri pachishandiswa tutsinga—zvinotanga kuvapo.

Nokuda kwomuitiro uyu wokugadzirira zvishoma nezvishoma unoitika panotanga kuumbwa muviri womunhu, vamwe vanopikisa kuti “hapana chiitiko chimwe chete kana kuti nguva inogona kunzi ndipo panotangira kuumbwa muviri mutsva womunhu.”

Zvisinei, vaKristu vechokwadi vanodavira kuti upenyu hunotanga munhu paanobata pamuviri. Chokwadi chokuti sero rokutanga rezai nourume rine mashoko okuumbwa kwepanobatira rukuvhute, kubatirira kwaro muchibereko, kubatana kwaro netsinga dzaamai, uye zvimwe zvakawanda, zvinongowedzera kuyemurwa kwoMugadziri, Jehovha Mwari.

[Mufananidzo]

Muviri womunhu pazuva rechitatu (wakakudziridzwa kanenge ka400)

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Courtesy of the University of Utah Andrology and IVF Laboratories

 [Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 25]

ZVAKADINI NOKUONGORORA ZVIRWERE PAKAMWANA KACHANGOBVA KUNAMBWA KASATI KAISWA MUCHIBEREKO?

Chimwe chinhu chitsva pakunambira mwana kunze kwomuviri chinonzi kuongorora zvirwere pakamwana kachangobva kunambwa kasati kaiswa muchibereko. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora magene etuvana twacho, pozosarudzwa kanoiswa muchibereko. Richitaura nezvenyaya dzinobatanidzwa dzenzira iyi, bhuku rinonzi Choosing Assisted Reproduction—Social, Emotional and Ethical Considerations rakati:

“Nokukurumidza [masayendisiti] achange ava kukwanisa kuona zvichange zvakaita muviri, pfungwa, uye zvichida manzwiro uye kuwirirana nevamwe zvekamwana kacho. Saka, munguva yemberi isiri kure zvichange zvava kuita kuti vabereki vasarudze zvakaita mwana wavanoda. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vangatsigira kusarudzwa kwemagene ekamwana kasati kaiswa muchibereko kunoitwa nevakaroorana vanenge vaine hosha inotyisa, vakawanda havazotsigiri ruzivo urwu nokuda kwevakaroorana vanoshuva kuva nomwana mukomana kana kuti musikana—kana kuti munguva yemberi, vanozoda kuva nomwana ane maziso ebhuruu, ane chipo chokuimba, kana kuti anenge ari murefu.

“Kusarudza magene ekamwana kasati kaiswa muchibereko, kungofanana norumwe ruzivo rwakawanda, kunomutsa mubvunzo wokuti kana chinhu chichigona kuitwa, chinofanira kuitwa here? . . . Dambudziko racho nderokuziva pokugumira—kana pachitombovapo—panyaya iyi yakaoma yoruzivo rwakanyanyisa.”

 [Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 26]

BHAIBHERI RINOTII?

Chokwadi, Bhaibheri haritauri zvakananga nezvenzira dzemazuva ano dzokubatsira kubata pamuviri. Zvisinei, rinotibatsira kuziva maonero anoita Mwari dzimwe nyaya dzinokosha. Uye kuziva mhinduro dzemibvunzo miviri inokosha kunogona kutungamirira vaKristu vechokwadi pakuita zvisarudzo zvinofadza Mwari.

Upenyu hwomunhu hunotangira papi? Bhaibheri rinoratidza kuti upenyu hunotanga munhu paanobata pamuviri. Ona mashoko aDhavhidhi, munyori wepisarema, uyo akafuridzirwa kutaura nezvaMwari kuti: “Meso enyu akaona muviri wangu uchigere kukwaniswa, zvose zvakanga zvakanyorwa murugwaro rwenyu.” (Pisarema 139:16) Fungawo nezvaEksodho 21:22, 23, umo mashoko omutauro wepakutanga anoratidza kuti munhu aizozvidavirira nokuda kwokukuvadza mwana asati aberekwa. Chidzidzo chinofanira kudzidzwa ndechokuti, Musiki wedu anokoshesa upenyu, kunyange pahunenge huchangotanga muchibereko. Maererano nemaonero aMwari, kuparadza kamwana kachangobva kunambwa nemaune kunoonekwa sokubvisa pamuviri. *

Pane zvingarambidza mashandisiro omunhu simba rake rokubereka here? Maonero aMwari anogona kuwanikwa pana Revhitiko 18:20, (NW), iyo inoti: “Usapa mudzimai womumwe wako urume hunobuda kwauri kuti asvibiswe nahwo.” Mutemo unokosha uri mumurayiro woRugwaro irworwo ndouyu: Urume hwomunhu haufaniri kuiswa mune mumwe munhu kunze kwomudzimai wake, uye mukadzi haafaniri kuberekera mumwe munhu mwana kunze kwomurume wake. Nemamwe mashoko, simba rokubereka harifaniri kushandisirwa mumwe munhu kunze kwomunhu wawakaroorana naye. Saka, vaKristu vechokwadi vanodzivisa kuberekerwa mwana nomumwe munhu nedzimwe nzira dzinosanganisira kushandiswa kwourume, mazai, kana kuti tuvana tuchangobva kunambwa zvinobva kune mumwe munhu. *

Pavanosarudza zvine chokuita nezvinobatsira kubata pamuviri, vaKristu vechokwadi vanofanira kunyatsofunga kuti Bhaibheri rinotii nezvemafungiro aMwari. * Iye ndiye Muvambi woupenyu hwokuroorana uye hwemhuri.—VaEfeso 3:14, 15.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 23]

Tuvana twakaomeswa kuita chando twakachengetwa

[Kwazvakatorwa]

© Firefly Productions/CORBIS