1. Rondedzera zvakaitika pakaparadzwa Jerusarema.

MUNA 607 B.C.E., uto guru reBhabhironi rakapinda muguta reJerusarema richitungamirirwa naMambo Nebhukadhinezari II. Bhaibheri rinotaura nezvekuurayiwa kwakazoitwa vanhu richiti: “[Nebhukadhinezari] akauraya majaya avo nebakatwa muimba yenzvimbo yavo tsvene, haana kunzwira tsitsi jaya kana mhandara, akwegura kana ndonda. . . . Akapisa imba yaMwari wechokwadi, akaputsa rusvingo rweJerusarema; uye vakapisa shongwe dzaro dzose dzokugara nomoto nezvinhu zvaro zvose zvinokosha, zvokuti zvose zvakaparadzwa.”​—2 Mak. 36:17, 19.

2. Jehovha akapa nyevero ipi nezvekuparadzwa kweJerusarema, uye chii chaizoitika kuvaJudha?

² Vagari vemuJerusarema vanofanira kunge vasina kushamisika nekuparadzwa kwaro. Kwemakore, vaprofita vaMwari vakanga vanyevera vaJudha kuti kana vakaramba vasingateereri Mutemo waMwari vaizoiswa mumaoko evaBhabhironi. VaJudha vakawanda vaizourayiwa nebakatwa uye vaya vaizopukunyuka vaigona kuzorarama upenyu hwavo hwese senhapwa muBhabhironi. (Jer. 15:2) Vanhu vainge vatapwa vairarama upenyu hwakaita sei muBhabhironi? Pane zvakamboitikawo here kuvaKristu zvakafanana nezvakaitika kuvanhu vakanga vatapwa neBhabhironi? Kana zviripo, zvakaitika riini?

3. Kugara senhapwa muBhabhironi kwakanga kwakasiyana papi neuranda hwakamboitwa nevaIsraeri muIjipiti?

³ Zvakanga zvafanotaurwa nevaprofita zvakaitika. Achishandisa Jeremiya, Jehovha akaudza vanhu vaizotapwa kuti vagamuchire upenyu hwaizenge hwavapo uye kuti vanakidzwe nahwo. Akati: “Vakai dzimba [muBhabhironi], mugare madziri, dyarai minda, mudye zvibereko zvayo. Tsvakaiwo rugare rweguta randakaita kuti mutapwe muchienda kwariri, murinyengeterere kuna Jehovha, nokuti murugare rwaro muchava norugare rwenyu.” (Jer. 29:5, 7) Vaya vakaita kuda kwaMwari vakararama upenyu hwakangoda kufanana nehwevanhu vemuBhabhironi. Vanhu vakanga vavatapa vaivabvumira kuti vatonge vega dzimwe nyaya dzine chekuita nevaJudha uye vaivabvumira kuti vaende kwavanoda munyika macho. Panguva iyoyo, muBhabhironi mainyanya kuitwa zvekutengeserana, uye zvinyorwa zvakacherwa zvinoratidza kuti vaJudha vakawanda vakadzidza zvekutenga nekutengesa pavaiva muBhabhironi uye vamwe vavo vakadzidza unyanzvi hwekuita mabasa emaoko. Vamwe vaJudha vakatova vapfumi. Kugara senhapwa muBhabhironi kwaisarwadza seuranda hwakanga hwamboitwa nevaIsraeri muIjipiti mazana emakore akanga apfuura.​—Verenga Eksodho 2:23-25.

4. Ndevapi vamwe vaitambura pamwe chete nevaJudha vakanga vasina kutendeka, uye nei vaisakwanisa kuita zvese zvaitaurwa neMutemo?

⁴ Kunyange zvazvo vaJudha vaiwana zvavaida pakurarama, vaiwanawo here zvavaida pakunamata? Temberi yaJehovha neatari yayo zvakanga zvaparadzwa, uye upristi hwakanga husingachashandi zvakarongeka. Pakati pevaJudha vakanga vatapwa paiva nevashumiri vaMwari vakanga vasina kuita zvinhu zvaikodzera kuti varangwe, asi vakangotamburawo pamwe chete nerudzi rwese. Zvisinei, vakaita zvavaigona kuti vachengete Mutemo waMwari. Semuenzaniso, Dhanieri neshamwari dzake nhatu dzaiti Shadreki, Misheki naAbhedhinego, vakaramba zvekudya zvairambidzwa vaJudha. Uye tinoziva kuti Dhanieri aigara achinyengetera kuna Mwari. (Dhan. 1:8; 6:10) Kunyange zvakadaro, muJudha aitya Mwari aisakwanisa kuita zvese zvaitaurwa muMutemo ari pasi pehurumende yechihedheni.

5. Jehovha akapa vanhu vake tariro ipi, uye nei vimbiso iyi yaishamisa?

⁵ VaIsraeri vaizokwanisa kunamata Mwari zvakare nenzira inonyatsogamuchirika here? Panguva iyoyo, zvaiita sekuti vaisazokwanisa nekuti Bhabhironi yaisambosunungura nhapwa dzayo. Asi Mwari akanga avimbisa kuti vanhu vake vaizosunungurwa uye ndizvo zvakaitika. Zvinovimbiswa naMwari hazvikundikani.​—Isa. 55:11.

6, 7. Nei zvakakodzera kuti tigadzirise manzwisisiro edu panyaya yekutapwa kwevanhu vaMwari neBhabhironi mazuva ano?

⁶ Pane zvakamboitika kuvaKristu here zvakafanana nekutapwa kwakaitwa vaIsraeri neBhabhironi? Kwemakore akawanda, magazini ino yaitaura kuti vashumiri vaMwari vemazuva ano vakatapwa neBhabhironi muna 1918 uye vakasunungurwa kubva muBhabhironi muna1919. Asi nemhaka yezvikonzero zvatichakurukura munyaya ino neinotevera, zvainge zvakakodzera kuti tiongorore zvakare nyaya yacho.

⁷ Funga izvi: Bhabhironi Guru ndiro mubatanidzwa wezvitendero zvese zvenhema. Saka kuti titi vanhu vaMwari vakatapwa neBhabhironi Guru muna 1918, vaifanira kunge vakava varanda vechitendero chenhema panguva iyoyo. Asi zvakaitika zvinoratidza  kuti makumi emakore Hondo Yenyika I isati yatanga, vashumiri vaMwari vakazodzwa vaitobuda kubva muBhabhironi Guru, kwete kuva nhapwa dzaro. Kunyange zvazvo chiri chokwadi kuti vakazodzwa vakatambudzwa panguva yehondo yenyika yekutanga, izvi zvainyanya kukonzerwa nehurumende dzenyika, kwete neBhabhironi Guru. Saka hazviiti kuti titi vanhu vaJehovha vakatapwa neBhabhironi Guru muna 1918.

8. Tsanangura kuti chiKristu chechokwadi chakakanganiswa sei. (Ona mufananidzo uri panotangira nyaya ino.)

⁸ Papendekosti ya33 C.E., zviuru zvevaJudha nevamwe vakanga vatendeukira kuchiJudha zvakazodzwa nemudzimu mutsvene. VaKristu ivavo vakava “dzinza rakasarudzwa, upristi hwoumambo, rudzi rutsvene, vanhu [vaMwari] chaivo.” (Verenga 1 Petro 2:9, 10.) Vaapostora pavaivapo, vakaramba vachichengetedza ungano dzevanhu vaMwari. Zvisinei, pakafa vaapostora, pakava nevarume vaitaura “zvinhu zvisina kururama kuti vatsause vadzidzi vavatevere.” (Mab. 20:30; 2 VaT. 2:6-8) Vakawanda vevarume ava vaiva nemabasa avaiita muungano, vachishumira sevatariri uye pave paya “semabhishopu.” Pakatanga kuva neboka revanhu vaizviita vakuru vakuru, kunyange zvazvo Jesu ainge audza vateveri vake kuti: “Mose muri hama.” (Mat. 23:8) Varume vakakurumbira vainge vadzidza dzidziso dzaAristotle naPlato vakatanga kudzidzisa dzidziso dzenhema vachiita kuti dzidziso dzakachena dzeShoko raMwari dzishaye basa zvishoma nezvishoma.

9. Rondedzera kuti chiKristu chakatsigirwa sei neUmambo hweRoma uye zvakaguma nei.

⁹ Muna 313 C.E., Mambo weRoma aiva muhedheni ainzi Constantine akaita kuti chiKristu ichi chakatsauka chizivikanwe zviri pamutemo. Kubva panguva iyoyo, Chechi neHurumende zvakatanga kushanda pamwe chete. Semuenzaniso, pashure pemusangano weCouncil of Nicaea, Constantine, uyo aivapo pamusangano wacho, akaudza mupristi ainzi Arius kuti abude munyika macho nekuti Arius wacho akanga aramba kubvuma kuti Jesu ndiMwari. Pave paya, panguva yaitonga Mambo Theodosius I (379-395 C.E.), Chechi yeKaturike, iyo yaiva chiKristu chakanga chavhengana nechihedheni, yakava chitendero chepamutemo cheUmambo hweRoma. Vaongorori vezvakaitika kare vanoti Umambo hweRoma hwakatanga kuonekwa sehwechiKristu panguva yaitonga Mambo Theodosius. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti pakazosvika nguva iyoyo, chiKristu chakatsauka chakanga chatobatana nemasangano ezvitendero zvechihedheni zvemuUmambo hweRoma senhengo dzeBhabhironi Guru. Kunyange zvakadaro, vaKristu vakazodzwa vashomanana vakanga vakaita segorosi vaiita zvese zvavaigona kuti vanamate Mwari, asi hapana aimboteerera zvavaitaura. (Verenga Mateu 13:24, 25, 37-39.) Vainge vakatapwa neBhabhironi.

10. Chii chakaita kuti vanhu vaida kuziva chokwadi vatange kuva nemibvunzo pamusoro pezvaidzidziswa nechechi?

¹⁰ Kunyange zvakadaro, mumazana emakore mashoma pashure pekuberekwa kwaKristu, vanhu vakawanda vaikwanisa kuverenga Bhaibheri muchiGiriki kana kuti muchiLatin. Saka vaigona kuenzanisa dzidziso dzeShoko raMwari nezvaidzidziswa nechechi. Vamwe pavakaona kuti zvaidzidziswa nechechi zvaipesana nezvavaiverenga muBhaibheri, vakaramba dzidziso dzechechi. Asi zvaiva nengozi kuti vaudzewo vamwe zviri muBhaibheri uye zvaigona kutovaurayisa.

11. Bhaibheri rakatanga sei kudzorwa nevafundisi?

 ¹¹ Nekufamba kwenguva, mitauro yeBhaibheri yakanga isisashandiswi nevanhu vakawanda, uye chechi yairambidza vanhu kuti vashandure Shoko raMwari kuti rive mumitauro yaishandiswa nevakawanda. Saka vafundisi nevamwe vakadzidza chete ndivo vaigona kuzviverengera Bhaibheri, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vafundisi vaisagona kuverenga nekunyora zvakanaka. Chero ani zvake airamba zvaidzidziswa nechechi airangwa zvikuru. Vashumiri vaMwari vakazodzwa avo vainge vakatendeka vaifanira kuita misangano pachivande uye vamwe vavo vaisatombokwanisa kudaro. Kungofanana nezvakaitika kuvaIsraeri vakatapwa neBhabhironi, “upristi hwoumambo” hwevakazodzwa hwakanga husingachakwanisi kushanda zvakarongeka. Bhabhironi Guru rainge rakasunga vanhu mbiradzakondo!

12, 13. Zvinhu zvipi zviviri zvakaita kuti vanhu vasununguke zvishoma pakusungwa kwavainge vakaitwa neBhabhironi Guru? Tsanangura.

¹² VaKristu vaizombonamata Mwari vakasununguka uye zvinogamuchirika here? Hongu! Pane zvinhu zviviri zvakaita kuti chiedza cheShoko raMwari chitange kuoneka. Chekutanga, munenge mugore ra1450, kwakagadzirwa muchina wekuprinda waiva nemabhii aigona kuchinjwa. Nyika dzekumadokero dzisati dzatanga kuprinda, vanhu vaiita zvekukopa Bhaibheri vachinyora nemaoko. MaBhaibheri ainetsa kuwana uye aidhura. Zvinonzi zvaitora mwedzi gumi kuti munhu ane unyanzvi hwekukopa apedze Bhaibheri rimwe chete achiita zvekunyora neruoko. Uyewo, zvinhu zvainyorerwa nevakopi, zvakadai sematehwe ehwai, zvaidhura chaizvo. Asi pachishandiswa muchina wekuprinda uye mapepa, munhu ane unyanzvi hwekuprinda aigona kuprinda mapeji 1 300 pazuva!

 ¹³ Chinhu chechipiri chaiva chisarudzo chakaitwa nevarume vashomanana pakutanga kwemakore ekuma1500 kuti vashandure Shoko raMwari mumitauro yaishandiswa neveruzhinji. Vakaita basa iri kunyange zvazvo vaiziva kuti raigona kuvaurayisa. Chechi yakagumbuka nazvo. Vatungamiriri veChechi vaityira kuti munhu anotya Mwari akawana Bhaibheri aigona kuzoziva chokwadi. Uye Bhaibheri parainge rava kuwanika, vanhu vairiverenga. Pavairiverenga, vaibvunza kuti: ‘MuShoko raMwari ndepapi panotaurwa nezvepurigatori? Ndepapi panotaura kuti mupristi anofanira kubhadharwa kuti ape mharidzo pamariro? Ndepapi panotaurwa nezvavanapapa?’ Vatungamiriri vechechi vakagumburwa chaizvo nemibvunzo iyi uye vakatanga kurwisawo. Varume kana vakadzi vaitongerwa rufu nekuti vairamba dzidziso dzechechi, dzimwe dzacho dzaibva padzidziso dzechihedheni dzaAristotle naPlato, varume vakararama Jesu Kristu asati aberekwa. Chechi yaitongera vanhu rufu uye Hurumende ndiyo yaizouraya. Izvi zvaiitirwa kuodza vanhu mwoyo kuti vasaverenge Bhaibheri uye vasava nemibvunzo nezvechechi. Kazhinji kacho izvi zvaibudirira. Zvisinei, vanhu vashoma vaiva neushingi vakaramba kutyisidzirwa neBhabhironi Guru. Vakanga varavira zvinotaurwa neShoko raMwari uye vaida kuziva zvakawanda. Kusunungurwa kubva muchitendero chenhema kwakanga kwava pedyo.

14. (a) Chii chakaita kuti chokwadi cheBhaibheri chiwedzere kunzwisisika makore ekuma1800 ava kunopera? (b) Rondedzera kuti Hama Russell vakatsvaga sei chokwadi cheBhaibheri.

¹⁴ Vakawanda vaiva nenyota yechokwadi cheBhaibheri vakatizira kunyika dzaisanyanya kudzorwa nechechi. Vaida kuverenga, kudzidza uye kukurukura pamwe chete pasina anovaudza zvavanofanira kufunga. Imwe yenyika idzodzo iUnited States. Munyika iyoyo, Charles Taze Russell nevamwe vashomanana vakatanga kudzidza Bhaibheri zvakarongeka makore ekuma1800 ava kunopera. Pakutanga, chinangwa chaHama Russell chaiva chekutsvaga kuti pazvitendero zvaivapo ndechipi chaidzidzisa chokwadi. Vachishandisa zvinotaurwa neBhaibheri, vakanga vanyatsoongorora dzidziso dzezvitendero zvakawanda, kunyange zvisiri zvechiKristu. Vakaona kuti hapana chitendero chainyatsoita zvinotaurwa neShoko raMwari. Pane imwe nguva, vakakurukura nevafundisi vakawanda vemachechi. Hama Russell vaitarisira kuti vafundisi vacho vaizogamuchira chokwadi chavakanga vawana kubva muBhaibheri, vochidzidzisa vanhu vemumachechi avo. Vafundisi vacho vakaramba kuteerera zvaitaurwa naHama Russell. Vadzidzi veBhaibheri vakaona kuti zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti vabatane nevanhu vaida kuramba vari muchitendero chenhema.​—Verenga 2 VaKorinde 6:14.

15. (a) VaKristu vakatapwa riini neBhabhironi Guru? (b) Mibvunzo ipi ichapindurwa munyaya inotevera?

¹⁵ Munyaya ino taona kuti vaKristu vakatapwa neBhabhironi pakafa muapostora wekupedzisira. Zvisinei, panova nemibvunzo yakadai seyekuti: Ndeupi humwe uchapupu hunoratidza kuti kwemakumi emakore 1914 asati asvika, vakazodzwa vaitobuda muBhabhironi Guru, uye vakanga vasisiri nhapwa dzaro? Ichokwadi here kuti Jehovha haana kufara kuti vanhu vake vakanga vasisanyatsoiti basa rekuparidza munguva yeHondo Yenyika I? Uye pane here dzimwe hama dzedu dzisina kuramba dzakatendeka panguva iyoyo zvikaita kuti dzisafarirwa naJehovha? Uye, kana kuri kuti vaKristu vakatapwa nechitendero chenhema kubva mumakore ekuma100 C.E. zvichienda mberi, vakazosungurwa riini? Iyi mibvunzo yakazonaka. Ichapindurwa munyaya inotevera.