Evhangeri—Inhau Kana Kuti Ingano Here?

MUNYIKA yose nyaya yaJesu weNazareta—jaya rakachinja nhau yavanhu—yakabatana zvisingaparadzanisiki nenzanga yavanhu. Ndeimwe yedzidzo yavanhu yakarongwa uye yakajairwa. Vakawanda vanoona Evhangeri sezvitubu zvechokwadi namadimikira zvisinei nenguva, zvakadai sokuti, “Regai shoko renyu rokuti Hungu rireve Hungu, Aiwa wenyu, Aiwa.” (Mateu 5:37) Chokwadi, nhoroondo dzeEvhangeri dzingava dziridzo dzaitorwa zvidzidzo izvo vabereki vako vaikudzidzisa, vangava vaiva vaKristu kana kuti kwete.

Nokuda kwamamiriyoni avateveri vechokwadi vaKristu, Evhangeri dzakarondedzera murume wavakanga vachida kutamburira kana kufira. Evhangeri dzakagoverawo hwaro uye dzakakurudzira ushingi, kutsungirira, kutenda, netariro. Saka, haungabvumi here kuti zvingada uchapupu husingarambiki kuti titaure kuti nhoroondo idzi dzinongova nhema zvadzo? Uchifunga kuchinja zvikuru kwakaita Evhangeri pfungwa uye maitiro avanhu, haungarayiri kuti upiwe uchapupu hunogutsa here kana mumwe munhu aida kuramba kubvuma kuva kwadzo dzechokwadi?

Tinokukoka kuti ufunge nezvemibvunzo inoverengeka inoita kuti ufunge, ine chokuita neEvhangeri. Zvionere zvinofungwa navamwe vadzidzi veEvhangeri nezvenhau idzi, kunyange zvazvo vamwe vavo vasingatauri kuti vaKristu. Ipapo ungazvisarudzira nemhaka yokuti wava kuziva.

MIBVUNZO YOKUFUNGA NEZVAYO

◆ Evhangeri dzingava kufungidzira kwounyanzvi here?

Robert Funk, akatanga boka rinonzi Sangano raJesu, anoti: “Mateu, Mako, Ruka naJohani ‘vakashambadzira Mesiya’ vachimuita kuti aenderane nedzidziso yechiKristu yakatanga Jesu afa.” Zvisinei, pakanga pachinyorwa Evhangeri, vakawanda vakanga vanzwa zvaitaurwa naJesu, vakanga vaona mabasa ake, uye vakanga vamuona amuka vakanga vachiri vapenyu. Havana kupomera vanyori veEvhangeri mhosva yokunyengera kupi nokupi.

Funga nezvokufa nokumuka kwaKristu. Hadzisi Evhangeri dzoga dzine nhoroondo dzakavimbika dzokufa nokumuka kwaJesu asiwo tsamba yomuapostora Pauro yokutanga kuvaKristu vomuKorinde yakare iri muBhaibheri. Akanyora kuti: “Nokuti ndakakugamuchidzai, pakati pezvinhu zvokutanga, zviya zvandakagamuchirawo, kuti Kristu akafira zvivi zvedu maererano neMagwaro; uye kuti akavigwa, hungu, kuti akamutswa pazuva rechitatu maererano neMagwaro; uye kuti akaoneka kuna Kefasi, uye vane gumi nevaviri. Pashure paizvozvo akaoneka kuhama dzinopfuura mazana mashanu panguva imwe, vakawanda vadzo vapenyu kusvikira panguva ino, asi vamwe vakarara murufu. Pashure paizvozvo akaoneka kuna Jakobho, uye kuvaapostora vose; asi pakupedzisira akaonekawo kwandiri sokunge kune akaberekwa nguva isati yakwana.” (1 VaKorinde 15:3-8) Zvapupu zvakadaro ndizvo zvaichengeta chokwadi chenhau dzine chokuita noupenyu hwaJesu.

Kufungidzira kunonzi navashori vamazuva ano kwakaitwa hakuwanikwi muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Panzvimbo pezvo, kunowanikwa mumagwaro ezana ramakore rechipiri C.E. Saka dzimwe nhoroondo dzisiri dzomumagwaro  dzinotaura nezvaKristu dzakabudiswa apo kuramba kutenda chiKristu chechokwadi kwakanga kuchitanga munzanga dzakanga dzakaparadzana neungano yavaapostora.—Mabasa 20:28-30.

◆ Evhangeri Dzingava Ngano Here?

Munyori uye mutsoropodzi C. S. Lewis akawana zvakaoma kuona Evhangeri senganowo zvadzo. “Somunyori wenhau dzamabhuku ndinonyatsogutsikana kuti chero zvakaita Evhangeri, hadzisi ngano,” akanyora kudaro. “Hadzisi dzounyanzvi hwokufungidzira zvakakwana kuti dzive ngano. . . . Zvakawanda zvoupenyu hwaJesu hatizvizivi, uye hapana vanhu vanotanga ngano vangabvumira kuti izvozvo zvidaro.” Zvinofadzawo kuti kunyange munyori wenhau akakurumbira H. G. Wells akanga asingatauri kuti muKristu, akabvuma kuti: “Vose vari vana [vanyori veEvhangeri] vanowirirana pakutipa mufananidzo womunhu chaiye; vanopa . . . chokwadi chaicho.”

Funga nezveapo Jesu akanga amutswa akaonekwa navadzidzi vake. Munhu anogona kuita ngano zvimwe aizodai akaita kuti Jesu aratidze kuti adzoka nenzira inoshamisira, ape hurukuro inokosha, kana kuti apenye muchiedza nokubwinya. Asi, vanyori veEvhangeri vanongomurondedzera seakamira pamberi pavadzidzi vake. Akavaita kuti vamubate, akabva abvunza kuti: “Vana vaduku, hamuna kana chinhu chokudya, munacho here?” (Johani 21:5) Nyanzvi Gregg Easterbrook anoti: “Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwamashoko anoratidza kuti inhoroondo yechokwadi, kwete kuumba ngano.”

Kupomera kuti Evhangeri ingano kunovhiringidzawo nzira yechirabhi yokudzidzisa yakaoma yaiva yakakurumbira panguva yokunyorwa kweEvhangeri. Nzira iyoyo yaibatana zvikuru nokudzidza nomusoro—mutoo wokuyeuka nomusoro waishandisa muitiro wenguva dzose kana kuti kudzokorora. Izvi zvinotsigira kunyatsopiwa kwakarurama kwamashoko namabasa aJesu zvichisiyana nengano dzakanatsiridzwa.

◆ Kudai Evhangeri dzaiva ngano, dzingadai dzakakurumidza kunyorwa zvakadaro pashure pokufa kwaJesu here?

Maererano nouchapupu huripo, Evhangeri dzakanyorwa pakati pamakore a41 na98 C.E. Jesu akafa mugore ra33 C.E. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nhoroondo dzoupenyu hwake dzakanyorwa munguva pfupi zvikuru pashure pokuguma kwoushumiri hwake. Izvi zvinogona kudzivisa zvikuru kutaura kwokuti nhoroondo dzeEvhangeri dzinongova ngano zvadzo. Kuti ngano dzitange zvinoda nguva. Somuenzaniso, tora Iliad uye Odyssey dzakaitwa nanyanduri wakare wechiGiriki Homer. Vamwe vanofunga kuti mashoko engano mbiri idzodzo dzamagamba akatanga uye akabudirira mumazana amakore. Zvakadini neEvhangeri?

Mubhuku rake rinonzi Caesar and Christ, munyori wenhau Will Durant anonyora kuti: “Kuti vanhu venhando vashomanana vanofanira . . . kuva vakatanga unhu hune simba uye hunofadza zvakadaro, tsika dzakanaka zvikuru zvakadaro uye kuva noukama hwevanhu hunokurudzira zvakadaro, chingava chishamiso chikuru kwazvo kudarika chipi nechipi chakanyorwa muEvhangeri. Kwapera mazana maviri amakore oKunyatsoongorora Zvakanyorwa muBhaibheri, nhau dzoupenyu hwaKristu, unhu, uye dzidziso, dzinoramba dzakanyatsojeka, uye dzinoumba chinhu chinofadza pane zvose munhau yavanhu vokuMadokero.”

◆ Evhangeri dzakazogadziriswa pave paya here kuti dzikodzerane nezvaidiwa navanhu vechiKristu vapakuvamba?

Vamwe vashori vanotaura kuti zvamatongerwe enyika zvavanhu vechiKristu vapakuvamba zvakaita kuti vanyori veEvhangeri vagadzirise nyaya yaJesu kana kuti kuwedzera kwairi. Zvisinei, kunyatsoongororwa kweEvhangeri kunoratidza kuti kubata-bata kwakadaro hakuna kumboitwa. Kana nhoroondo dzeEvhangeri dzine chokuita naJesu dzakachinjwa somugumisiro wounyengeri hwavaKristu vomuzana ramakore rokutanga, nei mashoko okushora vose vaJudha naVamamwe Marudzi achiri kungowanikwa murugwaro rwacho?

Mumwe muenzaniso unowanika pana Mateu 6:5-7, apo Jesu anonzi akati: “Pamunonyengetera, hamufaniri kuva sevanyengeri; nokuti vanoda kunyengetera vakamira mumasinagogi nepamharadzano dzemigwagwa yakafara kuti vaonekwe nevanhu. Zvechokwadi ndinoti kwamuri,  Vari kuva nomubayiro wavo wakakwana.” Zviri pachena kuti uku kwaiva kushorwa kwavatungamiriri vechitendero chechiJudha. Jesu akazotizve: “Pakunyengetera, usadzokorore zvinhu zvakafanana, sezvinoita vanhu vamarudzi [Vamamwe Marudzi], nokuti vanofungidzira kuti vachanzwiwa nokuda kwokushandisa kwavo mashoko akawanda.” Nokudzokorora mashoko akataura Jesu munzira iyi, vanyori veEvhangeri vakanga vasiri kuedza kuwana vanotendeuka. Vakanga vachingonyora mashoko akatotaurwa naJesu Kristu.

Fungawo nezvenhoroondo dzeEvhangeri dzinotaura nezvevakadzi vakashanyira guva raJesu ndokuona kuti rakanga risina munhu. (Mako 16:1-8) Maererano naGregg Easterbrook, “munzanga yeMiddle East yakare, uchapupu hwaipiwa navakadzi hwaioneka sehusiri hwechokwadi nomuzvarirwo: somuenzaniso, zvapupu zviviri zvechirume zvakanga zvakakwana kuti zviwanire mukadzi mhosva youpombwe, nepo paisava nouchapupu hwavakadzi hwaigona kuwanira murume mhosva.” Chokwadi, vadzidzi vaJesu pachake havana kutenda vakadzi vacho! (Ruka 24:11) Saka hazvimboiti kuti nyaya yakadaro ingava yakangotangwa noune.

Kushayikwa kwemienzaniso mutsamba uye mubhuku raMabasa chikonzero chakasimba chokutaura kuti iyo iri muEvhangeri haina kuiswa navaKristu vapakuvamba asi yakataurwa naJesu pachake. Uyezve, kuenzanisa nokungwarira Evhangeri netsamba dzacho kunoratidza kuti mashoko aPauro kana aya avamwe vanyori vaMagwaro echiGiriki haana kuchinjwa manyorerwo awo nounyanzvi ndokuitwa kuti anzi akataurwa naJesu. Kana vanhu vechiKristu vapakuvamba vakanga vaita chinhu chakadaro, tinofanira kutarisira kungowanawo mamwe mashoko ari mutsamba dzacho munhoroondo dzeEvhangeri. Sezvo tisingaaoni, chokwadi tinogona kutaura kuti mashoko eEvhangeri ndiwo akataurwa chaiwo uye akarurama.

◆ Zvakadini nokunenge kupokanidzana kuri muEvhangeri?

Vashori vave vachitaura kwenguva yakareba kuti Evhangeri dzakazara nokupokanidzana. Munyori wenhau Durant akatsvaka kuongorora nhoroondo dzeEvhangeri asina kwaakarerekera zvachose—samagwaro enhau. Kunyange achiti mune kunenge kupokanidzana madziri, anoti: “Kupokanidzana kwacho kuduku-duku [mashoko mashoma], kwete kwezvinhu zvinokosha; pane zvinokosha evhangeri nhatu dzokutanga dzinobvumirana zvakanaka chaizvo, uye dzinoumba mufanananidzo unowirirana waKristu.”

Kunoita sokupokanidzana muEvhangeri kazhinji kacho kunogadziriswa zviri nyore. Kuenzanisira: Mateu 8:5 inotaura kuti “mukuru weuto akauya [kuna Jesu], achimuteterera” kuti aporese mushandi wechirume. Pana Ruka 7:3, tinorava kuti mukuru wacho “akatumira [Jesu] varume vakuru vevaJudha kuti vamukumbire kuuya kuzoporesa muranda [wacho].” Mukuru wacho akatumira vakuru vacho savamiririri vake. Mateu anotaura kuti mukuru weuto wacho pachake akateterera Jesu nokuti murume wacho akaita chikumbiro  chake achishandisa vakuru, vakashanda savatauriri vake. Uyu unongova muenzaniso mumwe unoratidza kuti kupokanidzana kunotaurwa kuri muEvhangeri kunogona kugadziriswa.

Zvakadini nezvinotaurwa navanonyatsoongorora zvakanyorwa muBhaibheri kuti Evhangeri hadzikodzeri zvinoratidza inonzi nhau chaiyoiyo? Durant anopfuurira kuti: “Pamusana pezvavakawana Vanonyatsoongorora Zvakanyorwa muBhaibheri vakanyanyisa kushandisa miedzo yokuona uchokwadi hwechinhu kuTestamendi Itsva zvokuti nayo vanhu vakawanda vakare vakanga vakakurumbira—somenzaniso, Hammurabi, David, Socrates—vaizopedzisira vangova ngano. Pasinei zvapo nokufungira zvakaipa uye vechitendero vachifungira vanyori veevhangeri, vanonyora zviitiko zvakawanda izvo vanongotangawo nyaya vaizodai vakavanza—kukwikwidzirana nzvimbo dzapamusoro muUmambo kwavaapostora, kutiza kwavo Jesu asungwa, kuramba kwaPetro . . . Hapana anorava nhoroondo idzi angasava nechokwadi nomunhu anotaurwa nezvake.”

◆ ChiKristu chamazuva ano chinomiririra Jesu womuEvhangeri here?

Sangano raJesu rakazivisa kuti kuongorora kwaro Evhangeri “hakudzorwi nemitemo yamatare amachechi.” Asi munyori wenhau Wells akaziva kuti pane musiyano mukuru pakati pedzidziso dzaJesu dzinotaurwa muEvhangeri nedziye dzechiKristudhomu. Akanyora kuti: “Hapana uchapupu hwokuti vaapostora vaJesu vakambonzwa nezveUtatu—kunyange kubva kwaari. . . . Uyewo [Jesu] haana kumbotaura shoko nezvokunamatwa kwamai vake Mariya, muzita raIsis, Mambokadzi wedenga. Zvose zvainyanya kuratidza kuti ndezvechiKristudhomu pakunamata uye pakushandisa, aisava nebasa nazvo.” Naizvozvo, munhu haangatemi kukosha kweEvhangeri achitsamira padzidziso dzechiKristudhomu.

 IWE UNOTI KUDII?

Wafunga nezvezvichangobva kutaurwa, unofungei? Pane here uchapupu chaihwo, hunogutsa hwokuti Evhangeri dzinongova hadzo ngano? Vakawanda vanowana kuti mibvunzo uye kusava nechokwadi zvinomutswa pamusoro pokuva kweEvhangeri dzechokwadi hazvina simba uye hazvigutsi. Kuti uve nezvaunofunga, unofanira kurava Evhangeri nepfungwa dzisina kwadzakarerekera. (Mabasa 17:11) Paunofunga nezvokuwirirana, kutendeka, uye kururama uko Evhangeri dzinorondedzera nakwo unhu hwaJesu, uchaona kuti nhoroondo idzi hadzisimbori nhema dzakaunganidzwa. *

Kana ukanyatsoongorora Bhaibheri woshandisa zano raro, uchaona machinjire aringaita upenyu hwako kuti huve nani. (Johani 6:68) Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya pane zvakataurwa naJesu zvakanyorwa muEvhangeri. Uyezve, imomo unogona kudzidza nezvenguva yemberi yakanaka zvikuru yakachengeterwa vanhu vanoteerera.—Johani 3:16; 17:3, 17.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 7]

Uchapupu Hwokushuma Kwechokwadi

MAKORE akati akapfuura, mumwe munyori wamashoko uye aimbova mutsoropodzi weBhaibheri akabvuma kuti: “Kwenguva yokutanga muupenyu hwangu ndakaita zvinowanzotanga kuitwa nomutori wenhau: ndakaongorora mashoko angu. . . . Uye ndakashamiswa, nokuti zvandakanga ndichirava [munhoroondo dzeEvhangeri] zvakanga zvisiri ngano uye zvakanga zvisinganzwiki zviri nyore senhema. Kwaiva kushuma. Dzaiva nhoroondo dzezvakataurwa nowaizviita uye zvaiita zvokushumwa . . . Kushuma kune manakire ako, uye kunaka ikoko kuri muEvhangeri.”

Zvakangofanana, E. M. Blaiklock, purofesa wezvemabhuku paAuckland University, akataura kuti: “Ndinoti ndiri munyori wenhau. Ndinorava Mabhuku ndichifunga nezvokunyora nhau. Uye ndinokuudzai kuti uchapupu hwoupenyu, rufu, uye kumuka kwaKristu ndohwechokwadi zviri nani pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvenhau yakare.”

[Mepu/Mifananidzo iri papeji 8, 9]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

FENIKIYA

GARIREYA

Rwizi rweJodhani

JUDHIYA

[Mifananidzo]

“Uchapupu hwoupenyu, rufu, uye kumuka kwaKristu ndohwechokwadi zviri nani pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvenhau yakare.”—PUROFESA E. M. BLAIKLOCK

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Background maps: Based on a map copyrighted by Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est. and Survey of Israel.