VaSitiya—Vanhu Vekare Vasinganzwisisiki

ACHIGAGADIKA nomuguruva ari pamabhiza mauto orumwe rudzi runogara ruchifamba anouya nehomwe dzawo dzepazvisharo dzakazara nepfuma yokupamba. Ava vanhu vasinganzwisisiki vaidzora nharaunda yose yegwenga reEurasia kubva munenge muna 700 kusvika muna 300 B.C.E. Kubvira ipapo vakazotsakatika—asi vakanga vatosiya zita munhau yevanhu. Vane pavakanzi taurwei nezvavo muBhaibheri. Ivava vaiva vaSitiya.

Kwemazana emakore, vanhu vaisagara nzvimbo imwe nemabhiza omusango vaimbeya nomunzvimbo dzine uswa uzhinji dzinobva kuMakomo eCarpathia okumabvazuva kweEurope kusvika kuyava kunzi Russia iye zvino. Pakazosvika zana remakore rechisere B.C.E., hondo yakarwiwa naMambo wokuChina Hsüan yakaita kuti vanhu vatamire kumavirira. Vachienda kumavirira, vaSitiya vakarwa vachidzinga vaCimmeria, vaidzora Caucusus nenharaunda iri nechokuchamhembe kweGungwa Dema.

Vachitsvaka pfuma, vaSitiya vakaparadza guta guru reAsiriya, Ninivhi. Gare gare vakaita ushamwari neAsiriya vachirwisana neMedhia, Bhabhironi, uye mamwe marudzi. Vakarwisa kunyange kuchamhembe kweIjipiti. Kutumidzwa kwakazoitwa guta reBeth-shan kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweIsraeri kunzi Scythopolis kungareva nezvenguva yarakagarwa nevaSitiya.—1 Samueri 31:11, 12.

VaSitiya vakazopedzisira vagara mugwenga munyika dzavakunzi nhasi Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, uye kumaodzanyemba kweRussia. Ikoko vakapfuma vachibatsira kuti vaGiriki vatengeserane nevarimi veyavakunzi Ukraine nhasi uye kumaodzanyemba kweRussia. VaSitiya vaitengesa zvirimwa, uchi, makushe, uye mombe vachichinjanisa newaini, hembe, zvombo uye zvigadzirwa zvounyanzvi zvevaGiriki. Nokudaro vakaunganidza pfuma inoshamisa.

 Vatasvi Vemabhiza Vanoshamisa

Varwi ava vomugwenga vaikoshesa mabhiza semakoshesero aiitwa ngamera nevanhu vomurenje. VaSitiya vaiva vatasvi vemabhiza vanozogona uye vaiva pakati pevakatanga kushandisa chisharo nezvitsiko. Vaidya nyama yemabhiza nokunwa mukaka wawo. Vaitoshandisa mabhiza kupira zvipiriso. Paifa murwi wechiSitiya, bhiza rake raiurayiwa rovigwawo noruremekedzo—rakakwana nemidziyo yaro yehondo nezvishongo zvaro.

Sezvakarondedzerwa nomunyori wezvakaitika kare Herodotus, vaSitiya vaiita tsika dzoutsinye, dzaisanganisira kutora matehenya evanhu vavanenge vauraya voashandisa sekapu dzokunwira. Vaiti vakasvikira vavengi vavo vaivaparadza nemapakatwa esimbi, nemakano, mapfumo nemiseve ine zvinzeve zvaimwaura nyama.

Makuva Aishongedzerwa Kurarama Maari Nokusingaperi

VaSitiya vaiita zvouroyi nezvemidzimu navamwari uye vainamata moto nomumwe mwarikadzi. (Dheuteronomio 18:10-12) Vaitora guva senzvimbo yokugara yevanhu vakafa. Varanda nemhuka zvaibayirwa tenzi wazvo akafa kuti ashandise. Pfuma uye vashandi vomumba vanonzi vaienda pamwe chete nemadzimambo ku“nyika inotevera.” Mune rimwe guva ramambo makawanikwa muine varandarume vashanu vakaiswa tsoka dzavo dzakatarisa kuna tenzi wavo, vakagadzirira kumuka kuti vatangisezve mabasa avo.

Vatongi vaivigwa nezvipo zvoumbozha, uye mumazuva okuchema, vaSitiya vaizvibudisa ropa uye vaizvigera. Herodotus akanyora kuti: Vaizvicheka zvidimbu zvenzeve, voveura misoro, vozvichekacheka kutenderedza maoko avo, uye vaizvichenyengura pamhanza nepamhuno, vozviboora maoko oruboshwe nemiseve.” Kusiyana naizvozvo, Mutemo waMwari kuvaIsraeri vomunguva iyoyo wairayira kuti: “Musazvicheka miviri yenyu nokuda kwavakafa.”—Revhitiko 19:28.

VaSitiya vakasiya zviuru zvakawanda zvenzvimbo dzakakwirira dzavaiviga vakafa dzainzi kurgans. Zviratidzwa zvakawanda zvakawanikwa munzvimbo idzi zvinopa mufananidzo woupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevaSitiya. Mutungamiriri weRussia Czar Peter Mukuru akatanga kuunganidza zvinhu zvakadaro muna 1715, uye izvi zvinhu zvinopenya iye zvino zvinogona kuonekwa mumamiziyamu muRussia neUkraine. Idzi “mhuka dzokuumbwa” dzinosanganisira mabhiza, makondo, hodzi, katsi, mbada, mhuka yakada kuita senhoro inonzi deer pachiRungu, shiri dzokufungidzira, uye shumba dzokufungidzira (zvisikwa zvokufungidzira zvomungano zvine mapapiro kana kuti muviri usina mapapiro weimwe mhuka nomusoro weimwe).

VaSitiya neBhaibheri

Bhaibheri rinongotaura zvakananga nezvevaSitiya kamwe chete. Pana VaKorose 3:11, tinoverenga kuti: “Apo pasina muGiriki kana muJudha, kudzingiswa kana kusadzingiswa, munhu wokune imwe nyika, muSitiya, muranda, munhu akasununguka, asi Kristu zvinhu zvose uye ari muna vose.” Pakanyora muapostora wechiKristu Pauro mashoko iwayo, shoko rechiGiriki rakashandurwa kuti “vaSitiya” raireva, kwete rudzi rwakati, asi vanhu vakasarira shure pamararamiro. Pauro akanga achisimbisa kuti kunyange vanhu vakadaro vanogona kupfeka unhu hwakafanana nehwaMwari vachishandisa mudzimu mutsvene waJehovha, kana kuti simba rinoita basa.—VaKorose 3:9, 10.

 Vamwe vanochera matongo vanodavira kuti Ashkenazi anowanikwa pana Jeremia 51:27 ndiye Ashguzai, mumutauro wokuAsiriya, iro riri shoko raishandiswa kureva vaSitiya. Hwendefa dzakanyorwa norunyoro rweCuneiform dzinotaura nezvokubatana kwakaita vanhu ava nevaMannai mukupandukira Asiriya muzana remakore rechinomwe B.C.E. Nguva pfupi Jeremia asati aprofita, vaSitiya vakapfuura nomunyika yeJudha vasingamborwisi munhu vachienda Ijipiti nokudzoka. Ndosaka vanhu vakawanda vakamunzwa achifanotaura nezvokurwiswa kweJudha nevanobva kuchamhembe vakaratidza kusava nechokwadi nouprofita hwake.—Jeremia 1:13-15.

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti pana Jeremia 50:42 panotaurwa nezvevaSitiya panoti: “Vakabata uta nepfumo, vane hasha, havana nyasha; manzwi avo anotinhira segungwa, vakatasva mabhiza, mumwe nomumwe wakashongedzwa somurwi, kuzorwa newe, iwe mukunda weBhabhironi.” Asi ndima ino inotaura zvikurukuru nezvevaMedhia nevaPersia, vakakunda Bhabhironi muna 539 B.C.E.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti “nyika yaMagogi” inotaurwa nezvayo muna Ezekieri chitsauko 38 ne39 inoreva nezvorudzi rwevaSitiya. Zvisinei, “nyika yaMagogi” ndeyokufananidzira. Zviri pachena kuti inoreva nezvenharaunda yepasi pano, iyo Satani nengirozi dzake vakatamisirwa mushure mehondo yokudenga.—Zvakazarurwa 12:7-17.

VaSitiya vakabatanidzwa mukuzadzika kwouprofita hwaNahumi hwaifanotaura nezvokukurirwa kweNinivhi. (Nahumi 1:1, 14) VaKadheya, vaSitiya, uye vaMedhia vakaparadza Ninivhi muna 632 B.C.E., zvakabva zvaparadza Umambo hweAsiriya.

Kutsakatika Kusinganzwisisiki

VaSitiya vakanyangarika, asi nei? “Chokwadi chakapfava ndechokuti hatingozivi kuti chii chakaitika,” yakadaro imwe nyanzvi yezvokuchera matongo yokuUkraine. Vamwe vanodavira kuti vakanganiswa nokuda kwavo pfuma, vakazokurirwa muzana remakore rokutanga nerechipiri B.C.E. nerimwe boka revanhu vasina pavainyatsogara raibva kuAsia—vaSarmatia.

Vamwe vanofunga kuti kurwisana pakati pevaSitiya pachavo kwakakonzera kutsakatika kwavo. Kunyange zvakadaro vamwe vanoti vamwe vakasara vevaSitiya vangangowanikwa pakati pevaOssetia vokuCaucasus. Kunyange zvikadii, ava vanhu vasinganzwisisiki vekare vakasiya zita munhau yevanhu—iro rakaita kuti Sitiya rireve kuti utsinye.

[Mepu iri papeji 24]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

□ Guta Rekare

• Guta Ramazuva Ano

Danube

SITIYA ← GWARA RAIFAMBWA NARO

• Kiev

Dnieper

Dniester

Gungwa Dema

OSSETIA

Makomo eCaucasus

Caspian Sea

ASIRIYA ← MAKWARA AISHANDISWA PAKURWISA

□ Ninivhi

Tigirisi

MEDHIA ← MAKWARA AISHANDISWA PAKURWISA

MESOPOTAMIYA

BHABHIRONIA ← MAKWARA AISHANDISWA PAKURWISA

□ Babhironi

Yufratesi

UMAMBO HWEPERSIA

□ Susa

Persian Gulf

PARESTINA

• Beth-shan (Scythopolis)

IJIPITI ← MAKWARA AISHANDISWA PAKURWISA

Nile

Gungwa reMediterranean

GIRISI

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 25]

VaSitiya vaive vanhu vehondo

[Kwazvakatorwa]

The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 26]

VaSitiya vaishambadza zvinhu zvavo nezvigadzirwa zvinoyevedza vachichinjanisa nezvinhu zvechiGiriki vakava vapfumi zvikuru

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Courtesy of the Ukraine Historic Treasures Museum, Kiev