Kubhabhatidzwa kwaClovis—Makore 1 500 echiKaturike muFrance

“MUZITA raPapa, tiguu,” ndiwo mashoko akanga ari pabhomba rakawanwa mune imwe chechi yokuFrance yaizoshanyirwa naPope John Paul II muna September 1996. Uyu waiva muenzaniso wokunyanyisa wakaratidza kupokona kukuru kushanya kwake kwechishanu munyika yeFrance. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vanenge 200 000 vakaenda kuguta reFrance reReims gore iroro kunopemberera pamwe napapa kuchengetwa kwegore negore makore 1 500 okuchinjira kuchiKaturike kwaMambo Clovis wokuFrance. Mambo uyu ane rubhabhatidzo rwakazonzi rubhabhatidzo rweFrance aiva ani? Uye nei kupembererwa kwarwo kwakakonzera gakava kudaro?

Umambo Hunoparara Zvishoma Nezvishoma

Clovis akaberekwa munenge muna 466 C.E., mwanakomana waChilderic I, mambo wevaSalian Franks. Zvichitevera kukundwa kwavo nevaRoma muna 358 C.E., vedzinza iri rokuGermany vakabvumirwa kugara muyava kunzi Belgium mazuva ano zvichitsamira pakudzivirira kwavaizoita muganhu nokupa uto reRoma varwi. Kuva pedyo nevanhu Vezvizvarwa zveFrance neRoma Vaigara Vose kwakatevera kwakaguma kwaita kuti vaFrank ava vachinjire kuchiRoma. Childeric I akabatsira vaRoma pakurwisa mamwe madzinza eGermany aida kupinda munyika yavo, akadai semaVisigoth uye vaSaxon. Izvi zvakaita kuti aongwe nevanhu Vezvizvarwa zveFrance neRoma Vaigara Vose.

Purovhinzi yevaRoma yeGaul yaitangira paRhine River, kuchamhembe, ichindosvika kuPyrenees, kumaodzanyemba. Zvisinei, pakafa Aetius, Mukuru mukuru weuto reRoma muna 454 C.E., pakambosara pasina hurumende yaitonga munyika yacho. Uyezve, kuwa kwaRomulus Augustulus, mambo wokupedzisira muRoma, muna 476 C.E. uye kuguma kwoUmambo hweRoma kudivi rokumadokero kwakaita kuti pave nokusagadzikana kwezvematongerwe enyika mudunhu racho. Somugumisiro, Gaul yakanga yaita somuchero waibva wamirira kutanhwa nerimwe remadzinza akanga agere mukati memiganhu yayo. Hazvishamisi kuti agara nhaka baba vake, Clovis akatanga kuda kuwedzera miganhu youmambo hwake. Muna 486 C.E., akakunda mumiririri wokupedzisira weRoma muGaul pahondo yakarwirwa pedyo neguta reSoissons. Kukunda uku kwakaita kuti adzore nzvimbo yaiva pakati porwizi Somme, kuchamhembe, nerwizi Loire, ruri pakati uye kumabvazuva kweGaul.

Murume Aizova Mambo

Kusiyana nemamwe madzinza eGermany, vaFrank vakaramba vari vahedheni. Zvisinei, kuroora  kwakaita Clovis mambokadzi weBurgundy, Clotilda, kwakachinja upenyu hwake kwazvo. Zvaaiva muKaturike anoshingaira, Clotilda, akaedza asinganeti kutendeutsa murume wake. Maererano nenhau yakanyorwa naGregory weTours muzana remakore rechitanhatu C.E., zvinonzi maiva muna 496 C.E. muhondo yeTolbiac (Zülpich, Germany) pairwiswa dzinza reAlemanni, pakavimbisa Clovis kuti aizosiya zvechihedheni kana Mwari waClotilda aizoita kuti akunde. Kunyange zvazvo mauto aClovis akanga oda kukundwa, mambo wevaAlemanni akaurayiwa uye uto rake rakabvuma kukundwa. Clovis akafunga kuti Mwari waClotilda ndiye akanga aita kuti akunde. Maererano nezvinotaurwa, Clovis akabhabhatidzwa na“Musande” Remigius musi waDecember 25, 496 C.E., muchivako chechechi muReims. Zvisinei, vamwe vanodavira kuti zvingangove zvakaitika gore repamberi pacho ra498/9 C.E.

Clovis akakundikana kuedza kwaaiita kupamba umambo hweBurgundy hwaiva kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Asi kurwisa kwake vaVisigoth kwakabudirira paakavakunda paVouillé, pedyo nePoitiers muna 507 C.E., kukunda kwakamuita kuti adzore maodzanyemba akadziva kumadokero kweGaul. Kuti kukunda uku kuzivikanwe, Clovis akapiwa chiremera chinoremekedzeka chokutonga namambo woUmambo hweRoma hwokuMabvazuva, Anastasius. Saka akanga ane chinzvimbo chaipfuura madzimambo ose okumadokero, uye kutonga kwake kwakaitwa kwepamutemo zvichionekwa nezvizvarwa zvose zveFrance neRoma.

Ava kudzora nzvimbo yakaganhurana nerwizi rweRhine maigara vaFrank kumabvazuva, Clovis akaita kuti Paris rive guta rake guru. Mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake, akasimbisa umambo hwake nokuhupa chiratidzo chepamutemo chakanyorwa, Lex Salica, uye nokuita kuti sangano rechechi muOrléans rirondedzere ukama hweChechi neHurumende. Parufu rwake, unenge musi waNovember 27, 511 C.E., ndiye aiva mutongi mukuru wezvikamu makumi manomwe nezvishanu kubva muzana zveGaul.

The New Encyclopædia Britannica inoti kuchinjira kwaClovis kuchitendero chechiKaturike “inguva inokosha munhau yemadokero eEurope.” Nei kuchinja kwamambo uyu muhedheni kwaikosha kwazvo? Kukosha kwacho kuri pakuti Clovis akasarudza chiKaturike pane dzidziso dzaArius.

Gakava Maererano Nedzidziso dzaArius

Munenge muna 320 C.E., Arius, mupristi wokuAlexandria, Egypt, akatanga kuparadzira dzidziso dzisingaiti dzoUtatu. Arius aiti  Mwanakomana akaenzana, kana kuti akafanana naBaba. Mwanakomana haangavi Mwari kana kuti haangavi akaenzana naBaba sezvo ane mavambo. (VaKorose 1:15) Kana uri mudzimu mutsvene, Arius aidavira kuti waiva munhu asi kuti waiva pasi paBaba noMwanakomana. Dzidziso iyi yakadavirwa nevakawanda, yakaita kuti pave nemakakatanwa aityisa muchechi. Muna 325 C.E., paMusangano weNicea, Arius akadzingwa munyika uye dzidziso dzake dzakashorwa. *

Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kugumisa gakava racho. Gakava redzidziso iyi rakaenderera mberi kwemakore anenge 60, nemadzimambo aitevera achitsigira divi rimwe kana kuti rimwe racho. Pakupedzisira, muna 392 C.E., Mambo Theodosius I akaita kuti chechi yeKaturike nedzidziso yayo yoUtatu ive chitendero cheHurumende muUmambo hweRoma. Panguva iyi vaGoth vakanga vachinjirwa kudzidziso dzaArius, naUlfilas, bhishopu weGermany. Mamwe madzinza eGermany akakurumidza kugamuchira rudzi urwu rwe“chiKristu.” *

Munguva yaClovis, Chechi yeKaturike muGaul yakanga iri mutsekwende. VaVisigoth vaidavira dzidziso dzaArius vakanga vachiedza kuti chiKaturike chisavepo nokuramba kutsiva mabhishopu anenge afa. Uyezve, chechi yacho yaiva mudambudziko rokurwisana kwemativi maviri akakamukana avanapapa, vapristi vemativi acho anopikisana vachiurayana muRoma. Kuwedzera padambudziko iri, vamwe vanyori vechiKaturike vakanga votobudisa pfungwa yokuti gore ra500 C.E. ndiro raizova chiratidzo chomugumo wenyika. Saka, kuchinjira kuchiKaturike kwomukundi wokuFrance kwakaonekwa sechiitiko chinofadza, kuchizivisa “mireniyamu itsva yevasande.”

Asi vavariro dzaClovis dzaiva dzei? Kunyange vavariro dzechitendero dzisingabviswi zvachose, kutaura chokwadi aiva nevavariro dzezvematongerwe enyika. Nokusarudza chiKaturike, Clovis akafarirwa nevanhu veKaturike vaigara vose vezvizvarwa zveFrance neRoma uye akatsigirwa nemabhishopu ane simba. Pasina mubvunzo izvi zvakaita kuti agone kukunda vavengi vake vezvematongerwe enyika. The New Encyclopædia Britannica inoti “kukunda kwake Gaul kwakava hondo yorusununguko kubva pajoko revanhu vaivengwa vaidavira dzidziso dzaArius.”

Clovis Chaiye Aiva Ani?

Mhemberero ya1996 yava pedyo, bhishopu mukuru weReims, Gérard Defois, akarondedzera Clovis se“chiratidzo chokuchinja kwakanyatsofungwa uye kwakanyatsorongwa.” Zvisinei,  wezvenhau wokuFrance, Ernest Lavisse akati: “Kuchinja kwaClovis hakuna kumbochinja unhu hwake; dzidziso dzomutsa norugare dzeEvhangeri hadzina kumusvika pamwoyo.” Mumwe wezvenhau akazivisa kuti: “Pane kuti akumbire kubatsirwa naOdin [mwari wevaNorse], akakumbira kubatsirwa naKristu uye haana kubvira achinja.” Achiyeuka zvakaitwa naConstantine paanonzi akachinjira kuchiKristu, Clovis akaronga kusimbisa utongi hwake nokuuraya nenzira yakanyatsorongwa vose vairwira chigaro. Akatouraya “hama dzake kunyange dziya dzaisava dzapedyo.”

Clovis afa, pakabva zvino patanga kuumbwa ngano dzaizomubvisa pakuva murwi ane utsinye kumuita musande akanaka. Nhoroondo yaGregory weTours, yakanyorwa zana remakore gare gare, inoonekwa sechiito chikuru chokuedza kufananidza Clovis naConstantine, mambo weRoma wokutanga kubvuma “chiKristu.” Nokutaura kuti Clovis akanga ava nemakore 30 paakabhabhatidzwa, Gregory anoita seari kuedza kumufananidza naKristu.—Ruka 3:23.

Izvi zvakaramba zvichidzidziswa kusvikira muzana remakore repfumbamwe naHincmar, bhishopu weReims. Panguva yaikwikwidzirana machechi vafundisi, nyaya youpenyu yaakanyora nezveakamutangira, “Musande” Remigius, zvichida yakanga yanyorerwa chinangwa chokuti chechi yake inyanye kuremekedzwa uye ipfume. Munyaya yake akati njiva chena yakauya nomudziyo muduku une mafuta kuti izodze Clovis pakubhabhatidzwa kwake—zviri pachena kuti aienzanisa izvi nokuzodzwa kwaJesu nomudzimu mutsvene. (Mateu 3:16) Saka Hincmar akaita kuti pave nokubatana pakati paClovis, Reims, nemabhishopu ndokusimudzira pfungwa yokuti Clovis aiva akazodzwa waShe. *

Mhemberero Ine Gakava Mukati

Aimbova purezidhendi wokuFrance Charles de Gaulle akamboti: “Kwandiri nhau yeFrance, inotangira pana Clovis, akasarudzwa kuva mambo weFrance nedzinza revaFrank, avo vakazozvipa zita rokuti vanhu veFrance.” Zvisinei, haasi munhu wose anoona zvinhu nemaonero aya. Kuchengetwa kwegore negore kwokupemberera makore 1 500 okubhabhatidzwa kwaClovis kwaingoitiranwa gakava. Munyika umo Chechi neHurumende zvave zvakaparadzana zvepamutemo kubvira muna 1905, vakawanda vakapokana kubatanidzwa kweHurumende mune zvavakaona semhemberero yechitendero. Pakaronga kanzuru yeguta reReims kuti chikuva chishandiswe pakushanya kwapapa, rimwe sangano rakaita kuti chisarudzo chacho chinzi nedare hachisi chepamutemo. Vamwe vakafunga kuti chechi yakanga iri kuedza kupa France tsika dzayo uye chiremera chayo chisiri chechigarire. Zvakatoita kuti mhemberero yacho itoomesesa ndezvokuti Clovis akaitwa munhu mukuru weboka reNational Front uye wemapoka anotsigira zvakasimba chiKaturike.

Vamwe vakatsoropodza mhemberero yacho maererano nemaonero avo ezvakaitika kare. Kubhabhatidzwa kwaClovis, vakati, hakuna kuita kuti France ichinjire kuchiKaturike, sezvo chitendero ichi chakanga chatova muVagari Vose Vezvizvarwa zveFrance neRoma. Uye vakatiwo, nyika yeFrance haina kutangira paakabhabhatidzwa. Vanoti izvi zvakatanga kuitika pakakamukana umambo hwaCharlemagne muna 843 C.E., zvichiita kuti Charles anonziwo Bald, ave mambo wokutanga weFrance kwete Clovis.

 Makore 1 500 echiKaturike

ChiKaturike chakambomira sei nhasi muFrance pashure pemakore 1 500 so“mwanasikana wedangwe weChechi”? Munyika yose France ndiyo yaiva nenhamba huru yevaKaturike vakabhabhatidzwa kutozosvikira muna 1938. Iye zvino yava panhamba yechitanhatu, iri kumashure kwenyika dzakadai sePhilippines uye United States. Uye kunyange zvazvo muFrance mune vaKaturike mamiriyoni 45, mamiriyoni 6 chete ndiwo anopinda Misa. Kuongorora kuchangoitwa vaKaturike vokuFrance kwakaratidza kuti 65 muzana “havana hanya nedzidziso yeChechi ine chokuita nezvepabonde,” uye 5 muzana, “havambooni” Jesu seane basa. Maonero asina kunaka kudaro ndiwo akaita kuti papa paakashanyira France muna 1980 abvunze kuti: “France, wakaitei pane zvawakavimbisa maererano nokubhabhatidzwa kwako?”

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mepu iri papeji 27]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

SAXONS

Rhine River

Somme River

Soissons

Reims

Paris

GAUL

Loire River

Vouillé

Poitiers

PYRENEES

VISIGOTHS

Rome

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 26]

Kubhabhatidzwa kwaClovis kunoratidzwa mune zvakanyorwa muzana remakore rechi14

[Kwazvakatorwa]

© Cliché Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 28]

Chivezwa chokubhabhatidzwa kwaClovis (mufananidzo uri pakati) kunze kweChivako cheChechi muReims, kuFrance

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 29]

Kushanya kwaJohn Paul II kuFrance kunochengeta kubhabhatidzwa kwaClovis kwakakonzera gakava