Kuomesa Chitunha—Kungaitwa nevaKristu Here?

Zvaakanga ava pedyo nokufa, tateguru wechiHebheru akatendeka Jakobho akakumbira kokupedzisira kuti: “Munondiviga kuna madzibaba angu, mubako riri mumunda waEfroni, muHeti, bako riri mumunda weMakpera, pakatarisana neMamre, panyika yeKanani.”—Genesi 49:29-31.

JOSEFA akaremekedza zvakanga zvakumbirwa nababa vake nokushandisa tsika yakanga yakapararira muIjipiti panguva iyoyo. Akarayira “vashandi vake, vanachiremba, kuti vaomese baba vake.” Maererano nenhoroondo inowanikwa pana Genesi chitsauko 50, vanachiremba vakashandisa tsika yokugadzira chitunha chacho mumazuva 40. Kuomeswa kwechitunha chaJakobho kwakabvumira kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma makiromita anenge 400 kweboka raiva parwendo renhengo dzemhuri huru uye vakuru vakuru veIjipiti kuendesa chitunha chaJakobho kuHebhroni kunovigwa.—Genesi 50:1-14.

Zvingabvira here kuzowana mutumbi waJakobho wakaomeswa rimwe zuva? Mikana yacho, kana ichitombovapo, mishomanana. Dunhu reIsraeri raiva nemvura yakawanda, zvinova zvinoita kuti kusawanikwa zvicherwa zvomumatongo zvakagadzirwa nevanhu zvemhando dzakawanda. (Eksodho 3:8) Zvigadzirwa zvekare zvesimbi nematombo zvakawanda ikoko, asi zvinhu zvizhinji zvisina kunyanya kusimba, zvakadai semachira, matehwe, uye mitumbi yakaomeswa, zvakaparadzwa nounyoro uye kuchinja kwenguva.

Asi chii chinombonzi kuomesa chitunha? Nei kwaiitwa? Kungaitwa nevaKristu here?

Tsika Yacho Yakatangira Kupi?

Kuomesa zvitunha kungarondedzerwa sokuchengetedza mutumbi womunhu kana kuti wemhuka. Vezvenhau vanoita sevanobvumirana kuti kuomesa zvitunha kwakatangira muIjipiti asiwo kwaiitwa nevaAsiriya vekare, vaPersia, uye vaSitiya. Zvichida kufarira kwepakutanga uye kuedza kuomesa zvitunha kwakonzerwa nokuwanwa kwemitumbi yakanga yavigwa mujecha romugwenga uye yakangoerekana yachengeteka. Kuviga kwakadaro kwaizoita kuti unyoro uye mhepo isasvike pamutumbi, zvononotsa kuora kwawo. Vamwe vanoti kuomesa zvitunha kwakatanga pakawanwa mitumbi yakachengeteka nemhaka yenatron (sodium carbonate), rudzi rwomunyu rwakawanda kwazvo kuIjipiti nomunzvimbo dzakaipoteredza.

 Vavariro yomuomesi wezvitunha ndeyokungovhiringidza gadziriro yakangogara iripo youtachiona hunotanga kuoresa chitunha mushure memaawa mashomanana munhu afa, hunokonzera kuora kwomutumbi. Kana muitiro uyu ukadziviswa, kuora kunomira kana kuti kunozoitika zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvinhu zvitatu zvinodiwa: kuchengeta mutumbi uchiita somupenyu, kudzivisa kuora, uye kuita kuti mutumbi usakuvadzwe notumbuyu.

VaIjipiti vekare vaiomesa zvitunha zvevakafa vavo zvikurukuru nezvikonzero zvechitendero. Dzidziso yavo youpenyu pashure porufu yakanga yakabatana nechido chokuramba uchiziva zvinenge zvichiitika panyika ino. Vaidavira kuti mitumbi yavo yaizoshandiswa nokusingaperi uye yaizopiwazve upenyu. Kunyange zvazvo kuomesa zvitunha kwaizivikanwa, kusvikira panguva ino hapana nhoroondo yeIjipiti yati yawanikwa inoratidza kuti kwaiitwa sei. Nhoroondo yakaisvonaka ndeyomunyori wezvakaitika kare wechiGiriki Herodotus womuzana remakore rechishanu B.C.E. Zvisinei, zvinonzi hapana chakabudirira pachiedzwa kushandiswa mirayiridzo yakapiwa naHerodotus kuona zvaiitwa.

Kungaitwa nevaKristu Here?

Jakobho akaomeswa nevanhu vaiva nezvitendero zvakasiyana nezvake. Asi hazvingaiti kuti Josefa paakapa mutumbi wababa vake kuna vanachiremba, akakumbira kuti paitwe minamato uye tsika dzaiwanzoitwa pakuomesa zvitunha muIjipiti panguva iyoyo. Jakobho naJosefa vose vaiva varume vokutenda. (VaHebheru 11:21, 22) Kunyange zvazvo asiri Jehovha akarayira, kuchengetedzwa kwechitunha chaJakobho hakushorwi muMagwaro. Kuomeswa kwomutumbi waJakobho hakuna kuitirwa kuti kugotevedzerwa norudzi rwaIsraeri kana kuti neungano yechiKristu. Zvechokwadi, hapana mirayiridzo panyaya iyi muShoko raMwari. Pashure pokunge Josefa pachake aomeswa muIjipiti, hapanazve pamwe panotaurwa muitiro uyu muMagwaro.—Genesi 50:26.

Kuwanwa kwemitumbi yakaora mumakuva ePalestine kunoratidza kuti yaisava tsika yevaHebheru kuomesa zvitunha nepfungwa yokuti zvigare nguva yakareba. Somuenzaniso, Razaro haana kuomeswa. Kunyange zvazvo akanga akaputirwa nejira, vaiona vaitotya apo dombo rehwiro raifanira kubviswa. Sezvo Razaro akanga afa kwemazuva mana, hanzvadzi yake yaiva nechokwadi chokuti paizobuda hwema pakuvhurwa kwehwiro.—Johani 11:38-44.

Jesu Kristu akaomeswa here? Nhoroondo dzeEvhangeri hadzitsigiri izvi. Panguva iyoyo, yaiva tsika yevaJudha kugadzira mutumbi nezvinonhuwira uye mafuta anonhuwira usati wavigwa. Somuenzaniso, kuti mutumbi waJesu ugadzirwe, Nikodhimo akapa zvinonhuwira zvakawanda nokuda kwechinangwa ichi. (Johani 19:38-42) Nei akapa zvinonhuwira zvakawanda kudaro? Kuda kwake Jesu kwepamwoyo uye kumuremekedza kungave kuri iko kwakaita kuti ape zvakadaro. Hatifaniri hedu kubva tati kushandisa zvinonhuwira zvakadaro kwaiitirwa chinangwa chokuchengetedza mutumbi.

MuKristu angada kutevedzera tsika yokuomesa chitunha here? Maererano nezvazviri chaizvo, kuomesa chitunha kunonotsa zvisingadzivisiki. Takabva kuguruva, uye tinodzokera kuguruva. (Genesi 3:19) Asi zvichatora nguva yakareba sei kubva parufu chaipo kusvikira pakuviga? Kana nhengo dzemhuri uye shamwari dzichibva kure uye dzichida kuona mutumbi, hapana mubvunzo kuti chitunha chinofanira kumboomeswa.

 Saka maererano neMagwaro, hapana kudiwa kwokutya kana zvinodiwa zvomunharaunda iyoyo zvichibvumira kuti mutumbi uomeswe kana kuti nhengo dzemhuri dzichida kudaro. Vakafa “havana chavanoziva.” (Muparidzi 9:5) Kana vachiyeukwa naMwari, vachamutsirwa kuupenyu munyika yake itsva yaakapikira.—Jobho 14:13-15; Mabasa 24:15; 2 Petro 3:13.

[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 31]

KUOMESWA KWAIITWA CHITUNHA—KARE UYE ZVINO

MuIjipiti yekare, maomeserwe echitunha aienderana nokuti mhuri inowana zvakadini. Mhuri yainge yakakwirira zvichida yaisarudza nzira inotevera:

Uropi hwaibviswa nomumhino pachishandiswa chimwe chimudziyo chesimbi. Pashure pacho, dehenya raiiswa mishonga yakakodzera. Danho raitevera raisanganisira kubviswa kwezvomukati kusara kwemwoyo neitsvo. Kuti vasvike kumatumbu, mutumbi wacho waifanira kuchekwa, asi izvi zvainzi chivi. Kuti vabate nepfungwa iyi yaiitiranwa gakava, vaomesi vezvitunha muIjipiti vakaita kuti pave nomumwe munhu anonzi mucheki. Aitiza nokukurumidza kana angopedza, nokuti kutukwa nokutemwa nematombo ndiko kwaiva chirango kune zvainzi mhosva.

Kana zvomukati zvose zvabviswa, mudumbu macho mainyatsosukwa. Wezvenhau Herodotus akanyora kuti: “Vaizadza dumbu racho nemura chaiyo yakagayiwa, nekasia, nezvose zvokurungisa kusara kwezvinonhuwira zvichena, vosona buri racho.”

Zvadaro, mutumbi waizobviswa mvura nokuuisa munyu unonzi natron kwemazuva 70. Pashure pezvo, mutumbi wacho waizogezwa wobva waputirwa zvine unyanzvi nerineni. Rineni yacho yainamwa norumwe rudzi rwenamo, uye chitunha chacho chakaomeswa (mummy) chaiiswa mubhokisi remapuranga rakagadzirwa rine chimiro chomunhu.

Nhasi, kuomesa chitunha kunogona kupedzwa mumaawa mashomanana. Kunowanzoitwa nokuisa mvura dzokuomesa dzakakodzera mutsinga dzinofambisa ropa kunyange nomudumbu uye mudundundu. Mumakore ose aya, mishonga yakawanda yakagadzirwa uye yakashandiswa. Zvisinei, nemhaka yomutengo wawo uye kuchengeteka, formaldehyde ndiwo mushonga wokuomesa unowanzoshandiswa.

[Mufananidzo]

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