Chimwe Chinhu Chikuru Kupfuura Upfumi hweIjipiti

MOSESI ari pakati pevanhu vakatanhamara kupfuura vose munhoroondo yevanhu. Mabhuku mana eBhaibheri—kutangira pana Eksodho kusvikira kuna Dheutoronomio—kunenge kuti zvose zvaanotaura ndezvemabatiro akaita Mwari nevaIsraeri pasi poutungimiriri hwaMosesi. Akatungamirira kubuda kwavo muIjipiti, akareverera sungano yoMutemo, uye akatungamirira vaIsraeri kumuganhu weNyika Yakapikirwa. Mosesi akanga arererwa mumba maFarao, asi akava mutungamiriri akatenderwa wevanhu vaMwari, akavawo muprofita, mutongi, uye munyori akafuridzirwa naMwari. Asi, aiva “munyoro kwazvo, kupfuura vanhu vose.”—Numeri 12:3.

Zvizhinji zvinorondedzerwa neBhaibheri nezvaMosesi ndezvomumakore 40 okupedzisira oupenyu hwake, kutangira panguva iya yakasunungurwa vaIsraeri kubva muuranda kusvikira parufu rwaMosesi ava nemakore 120. Kubva pamakore 40 kusvika 80, aiva mufudzi muMidhiyani. Asi, rinodaro rimwe bhuku, “zvichida rutivi runonyanya kufadza muupenyu hwake, asi rusinganyanyi kutaurwa,” ndiwo makore ake 40 okutanga, kubvira pakuberekwa kwake kusvika pakutiza kwake muIjipiti. Asi chii chaizvo chatingadzidza nezvenguva iyi? Marererwo aMosesi angave akaita sei kuti azova rudzi rwomurume waakazova? Zvii zvaangadaro akapinda nomazviri? Zvinetso zvipi zvaangave aifanira kusangana nazvo? Uye zvose izvi zvingatidzidzisei?

Uranda muIjipiti

Bhuku raEksodho rinorondedzera kuti mumwe Farao akatanga kutya vaIsraeri vaigara muIjipiti pamusana pokuwanda kwavakanga vachiita. Achifunga kuti ari ‘kuvarongera zano,’ akaedza kuderedza nhamba yavo nokuvashandisa noudzvinyiriri sevaranda vachizvamburwa nevatungamiriri vemabasa avo—vachitakura mitoro inorema, vachikanya dhaka rokuvakisa, uye vachikanya nhamba yezvidhina zvaidiwa pazuva.—Eksodho 1:8-14; 5:6-18.

Rondedzero iyi yezvaiitika muIjipiti umo Mosesi akaberekerwa inonyatsokodzera uchapupu hwezvakaitika kare. Mipumburu yemanyoro yenhokwe yekare nomumwe mufananidzo uri paguva zvinorondedzera kugadzirwa kwezvidhina nevaranda mumireniyamu yechipiri B.C.E. kana kuti isati yasvika. Vakuru vakuru vaitarisira kugadzirwa kwezvidhina vaironga mazana evaranda  vaiiswa muzvikwata zvevanhu 6 kusvika ku18 vachitarisirwa naforomani kana kuti nomutungamiriri weboka. Ivhu rokukanyisa zvidhina raifanira kucherwa uye mashanga aifanira kutakurwa oiswa panzvimbo yokuchaira zvidhina. Vashandi vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana vaichera mvura, voisanganisa nevhu nemashanga vachishandisa mapadza. Mitsara nemitsara yezvidhina yaikuturwa zvichibva muforoma. Vashandi vaizotakura zvidhina zvacho vachishandisa joko raitakurwa pamapfudzi vachizviendesa kunzvimbo yokuvakira, dzimwe nguva yaisvikika nemanera. Vatariri veIjipiti, vainge vakabata shamhu, vaigara kana kuti vaifamba zvishoma nezvishoma pedyo nevashandi sezvavaitungamirira basa racho.

Rimwe pepa reakaunzi rekare rinotaura nezvezvidhina 39 118 zvaigadzirwa nevashandi 602, zvichiratidza kuti paavhareji munhu mumwe nomumwe aigadzira zvidhina 65 pamaawa ake ebasa ezuva nezuva. Uye rimwe pepa romuzana remakore rechi13 B.C.E rinoti: “Varume vacho vari kugadzira . . . nhamba yavo chaiyo yezvidhina zvinodiwa pazuva.” Zvose izvi zvinonyatsotiyeuchidza nezvebasa rairayirwa vaIsraeri sokurondedzerwa kwarinoitwa mubhuku raEksodho.

Udzvinyiriri hahuna kuderedza uwandu hwevaHebheru. Asi, “[vaIjipiti] vachiramba vachivanetsa, ivo vakaramba vachiwanda kwazvo, . . . , vakaora mwoyo nokuda kwavana vaIsraeri.” (Eksodho 1:10, 12) Nokudaro, Farao akatanga arayira madzimbuya echiHebheru akazoudza vanhu vake vose kuuraya mwana mukomana woga woga achangoberekwa wevaIsraeri. Mumamiriro iwaya ezvinhu anotyisa, kakomana kakanaka, Mosesi, kakaberekwa naJokebhedhi naAmrami.—Eksodho 1:15-22; 6:20; Mabasa 7:20.

Akavanzwa, Akawanwa, Ndokurerwa

Vabereki vaMosesi vakaramba kuteerera murayiro waFarao wokuponda ndokuvanza kakomana kavo. Vakaita izvi pasinei nokuti vasori nevaongorori vaitenderera vachitsvaka vacheche here? Hatinyatsozivi. Chero zvazvaive, asi pashure pemwedzi mitatu vabereki vaMosesi vakanga vasingachagoni kumuvanza. Saka amai vake vakanga vachishushikana vakagadzira tswanda yenhokwe, ndokuinama nenamo kuti isapinde mvura, ndokuisa mwana wavo imomo. Mupfungwa yakati, Jokebhedhi akateerera mashoko, kana kuti pfungwa yomurayiro waFarao wokukandira mwanakomana woga woga wechiHebheru achangoberekwa murwizi rweNire. Miriami, hanzvadzi yaMosesi, aimira pedyo achimurinda.—Eksodho 1:22–2:4.

Kana Jokebhedhi akanga aitira kuti Mosesi aonekwe nomwanasikana waFarao paaiuya kurwizi kuzogeza, hatizivi, asi izvozvo ndizvo zvakaitika. Mwanasikana wamambo akaziva kuti uyu aiva mwana wevaHebheru. Aizoitei? Aizoteerera baba vake, orayira kuti aurayiwe here? Kwete, akaita sezvaingozoita vakadzi vazhinji. Akamunzwira tsitsi.

 Miriami akanga atova parutivi pake nenguva isipi. “Ko handingaendi ndikakudanirai mumwisi kuvakadzi vavaHebheru, kuti akumwisirei mwana here?” akabvunza kudaro. Vamwe vanoti pane kusapindirana kukuru kuri mundima iyi. Pano hanzvadzi yaMosesi yakasiyaniswa naFarao, uyo akarangana nezvipangamazano zvake ‘kurongera zano’ vaHebheru. Zvechokwadi, kuchengeteka kwaMosesi kwakatozooneka pakabvuma mwanasikana wamambo zano rehanzvadzi yake. “Enda!” akapindura kudaro mwanasikana waFarao, uye pakarepo Miriami akandodana amai vake. Muchibvumirano ichi chinoshamisa, Jokebhedhi akabva akumbirwa kurera mwana wake achidzivirirwa namambo.—Eksodho 2:5-9.

Tsitsi dzomwanasikana wamambo chokwadi dzakasiyana noutsinye hwababa vake. Akanga asina kunyengedzwa kana kuti asingazivi nezvomwana wacho. Mwoyochena wake wakaita kuti amurere, uye kubvuma kwake zano rokuti atarisirwe nomuyamwisi wechiHebheru zvinoratidza kuti akanga asingabvumirani norusaruro rwababa vake.

Kurerwa uye Dzidzo

Jokebhedhi “akatora mwana, akandomumwisa. Mwana akakura, akandomuisa kumukunda waFarao, akava mwanakomana wake.” (Eksodho 2:9, 10) Bhaibheri haritauri kuti Mosesi akagara nguva yakareba sei nevabereki vake chaivo. Vamwe vanofunga kuti akagara navo kusvikira arumurwa—makore maviri kana kuti matatu—asi angave akapfuura ipapa. Bhuku raEksodho rinongotaura kuti “akakura” nevabereki vake, zvingareva chero zera. Chero zvazvaive, Amrami naJokebhedhi pasina mubvunzo vakashandisa nguva yacho kuita kuti mwanakomana wavo azive kuti akaberekwa nevaHebheru uye kumudzidzisa nezvaJehovha. Nguva chete ndiyo yaizoratidza kuti vainge vabudirira zvakadini kupinza kutenda nokuda zvakarurama mumwoyo waMosesi.

Adzorerwa kumwanasikana waFarao, Mosesi akadzidziswa “muuchenjeri hwose hwevaIjipiti.” (Mabasa 7:22) Izvi zvaireva dzidzo yaizoita kuti Mosesi akwanise kushanda muhurumende. Dzidzo yakakura yeIjipiti yaisanganisira masvomhu, geometry, zvemapurani okuvaka, kuvaka, uye humwe unyanzvi nedzimwe sayenzi. Zvichida mhuri yamambo yaida kuti adzidziswe zvechitendero chevaIjipiti.

Mosesi angave akawana dzidzo yake yaisawanika nevakawanda pamwe chete nevana veimba youmambo. Pakati pevaiwanawo dzidzo iyi yepamusoro paiva “nevana vevatongi vokune dzimwe nyika vaitumirwa kuIjipiti kana kuti vaitapwa kuti ‘vazodzidziswa’ vozodzorerwa kuti vatonge sevamiririri” vakavimbika kuna Farao. (The Reign of Thutmose IV, naBetsy M. Bryan) Nzvimbo dzokudzidzisa nokutarisira vana dzaiva pedyo nedzimba dzamambo dzinoita sedzaigadzirira vechiduku kuzoshanda sevakuru vakuru vomumatare. * Mashoko akanyorwa ane misi yomunguva yoUmambo hweIjipiti noUmambo Hutsva anoratidza kuti varindi vanoverengeka vaFarao uye vakuru vakuru vomuhurumende vaiwana zita rorukudzo rokuti “Mwana Wechikoro Chevana” kunyange atokura.

Upenyu muimba yamambo hwaizoedza Mosesi. Hwaiwanisa upfumi, umbozha, uye simba. Hwaivawo nengozi dzetsika. Mosesi aizoita sei? Aizovimbika kunaani? Aiva munamati waJehovha chaizvoizvo here, hama yevaHebheru vaidzvinyirirwa,  kana kuti aida zvake zvaipiwa nevahedheni veIjipiti?

Chisarudzo Chinokosha

Ava nemakore 40, panguva iyo Mosesi angadai akanga anyatsova muIjipiti chaiye, ‘akaenda kundoona basa rinorema raiitwa nehama dzake.’ Zvaakazoita zvakaratidza kuti uku kwaisangova kuda kungoonawo zvako; aitsvaka kuvabatsira. Paakaona muIjipiti achirova muHebheru, akapindira, achiuraya mudzvinyiriri. Chiito ichocho chakaratidza kuti Mosesi aida hama dzake. Murume akafa angangove aiva mukuru mukuru, akaurayiwa paaiita basa rake. Mumeso evaIjipiti, Mosesi aifanira kunge akavimbika kuna Farao. Asi chakaita kuti Mosesi adaro kwaivawo kuda kwake kururamisira, zvinova ndizvo zvaakaratidzazve zuva rakatevera paakatsiura mumwe muHebheru airova hama yake isina mhosva. Mosesi aida kusunungura vaHebheru muuranda hunorwadza, asi Farao paakaziva nezvokupanduka kwake akaedza kumuuraya, Mosesi akamanikidzirwa kutizira kuMidhiyani.—Eksodho 2:11-15; Mabasa 7:23-29. *

Nguva yaida Mosesi kusunungura vanhu vaMwari yainge isingapindirani neyaJehovha. Kunyange zvakadaro, zviito zvake zvakaratidza kutenda. VaHebheru 11:24-26 inoti: “Nokutenda Mosesi, paakanga akura, akaramba kunzi mwanakomana wemwanasikana waFarao, achisarudza kuitirwa zvakaipa pamwe nevanhu vaMwari panzvimbo pokufadzwa nechivi kwenguva duku.” Nei? “Nokuti akarangarira kuzvidzwa kwaKristu sepfuma huru kune pfuma yeIjipiti; nokuti akaramba akatarira kuripwa kwomubayiro.” Uku kushandiswa kunoshamisa kweshoko rokuti “Kristu,” kunoreva kuti “akazodzwa,” kunonyatsokodzera Mosesi mupfungwa yokuti akazowana basa rinokosha kubva kuna Jehovha zvakananga.

Pafunge! Mosesi akarerwa zvaingogona kuitwa vaIjipiti veimba youmambo chete. Chinzvimbo chaaive nacho chaizomuita kuti awane basa rakaisvonaka uye kumupa mafaro ose angafungidzirika, asi akazviramba zvose. Aiona kuti upenyu hwomumuzinda maFarao, mudzvinyiriri, hwakanga husingapindirani nokuda Jehovha uye kururamisira. Kuziva uye kufungisisa nezvezvipikirwa zvaMwari kumadzitateguru ake, vanaAbrahamu, Isaka, uye Jakobho kwakaita kuti Mosesi ade nyasha dzaMwari. Somugumisiro, Jehovha akakwanisa kushandisa Mosesi mumabasa anokosha kwazvo okuzadzika zvinangwa Zvake.

Tose zvedu tinotarisana nezvisarudzo pakuti zvii zvinonyanya kukosha. Kufanana naMosesi, zvichida unotarisana nechisarudzo chakaoma. Unofanira kusiya mimwe miitiro yakati kana kuti zvimwe zvinokubatsira, pasinei nezvingaitika here? Kana chiricho chisarudzo chaunofanira kuita, yeuka kuti Mosesi akaona ushamwari naJehovha sohunokosha kudarika upfumi hweIjipiti, uye haana kuzvidemba.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 11]

Zvibvumirano Zvokuyamwisa

Vanamai vaiwanzoyamwisa vana vavo chete. Zvisinei, imwe nyanzvi inonzi Brevard Childs muJournal of Biblical Literature inoti, “mune zvimwe zviitiko mumhuri dzeimba dzoumambo [pedyo Nokumabvazuva] muyamwisi aipinzwa basa kwekanguva. Izvi zvaiwanzoitwawo kana amai vacho vaisakwanisa kuyamwisa mwana wavo kana kuti amai vacho vaisazivikanwa. Muyamwisi wacho aipiwa basa rokurera mwana wacho nokumuyamwisawo kwenguva yakatarwa.” Zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvokuyamwisa zvakanyorwa panhokwe zvichiripo kuNear East yekare. Zvinyorwa izvi zvinopupurira waichimbova muitiro wakapararira kubvira munguva dzevanhu vokuSumer kusvika nguva dzechiHellenistic dzava kunopera. Zvinhu zvinowanika pazvinyorwa izvi mashoko evanhu vaiita zvibvumirano izvi, kureba kwezvibvumirano zvacho, mashandirwo ebasa racho, mirayiridzo yokuyamwisa nokudyisa, mari yairipwa kana watyora chibvumirano chacho, mari yaitambirwa, uye mabhadharirwo ayaiitwa. Kunenge kuti, “kuyamwisa kwaisvika makore maviri kana matatu,” anotsanangura kudaro Childs. “Muyamwisi airerera mwana wacho mumusha wake, asi dzimwe nguva aifanirwa kuenda nemwana wacho kumuridzi kuti aongororwe.”

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 9]

Kugadzira zvidhina muIjipiti kwangochinja zvishoma kubvira mumazuva aMosesi, sezvinoratidzwa nomufananidzo wekare

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Pamusoro: Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.; Pasi: Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY