Chii Chakaitika Kumoto Wehero?

UKANGONZWA shoko rokuti “hero” mupfungwa mako munobva mava nomufananidzo wei? Unoona hero iri nzvimbo chaiyo ine moto nesarufa, yokurwadziswa nokuyaura kusingaperi here? Kana kuti hero kutsanangura kwokufananidzira mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu here?

Kwemazana emakore, hero ine moto yokurwadzisa kunotyisa yakafananidzirwa nevatungamiriri vechitendero chechiKristudhomu senzvimbo inoenda vatadzi. Pfungwa iyi ichakakurumbira mukati memapoka akawanda ezvimwe zvitendero. “ChiKristu chingava ndicho chakaita kuti hero ikurumbire,” inodaro U.S.News & World Report, “asi hachisi icho choga chine dzidziso iyoyo. Kutyisidzirwa nokurangwa pashure porufu kuri muzvinenge zvitendero zvose zvikuru zvepanyika uyewo nezvimwe zviduku.” VaHindu, vaBuddha, vaMuslim, vaJain, uye vaTao vanodavira kuti kune rudzi rwakati rwehero.

Zvisinei, hero yava nemamwe mafungirwo ayava kuitwa nezvayo mazuva ano. “Kunyange zvazvo hero ine moto ichiri kudavirwa nevamwe,” inodaro magazini yambotaurwa, “kwava kuenda kuchibuda zvimwe zvinodavirwa zvakadai sokutambudzwa nokungoiswa pako woga, zvichireva kuti hero ingava isina moto chaiwo.”

Magazini yevaJesuit inonzi La Civiltà Cattolica yakati: “Zvinotsausa . . . kufunga kuti Mwari, achishandisa madhimoni, anorwadzisa zvinotyisa vaanenge atonga sezvinoita moto.” Yakawedzera kuti: “Hero iriko, kwete senzvimbo asi semamiriro ezvinhu, munhu zvaanenge ari paanotambudzika nemarwadzo okusava naMwari.” Muna 1999 Pope John Paul II akati: “Pane kuva nzvimbo, hero inoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu evaya vanozvibvisa nokuzvidira zvachose pana Mwari, mupi woupenyu nomufaro.” Nezvokufungidzirwa kwehero senzvimbo ine moto, akati: “Kunoratidza kuvhiringidzika kwakakwana nokusava nematuro kwoupenyu kana pasina Mwari.” Dai papa akatsanangura hero achishandisa mashoko okuti “marimi omoto nadhiyabhorosi akapfeka sutu tsvuku aine forogo yokupindurisa,” akadaro munyori wenhau dzechechi dzekare Martin Marty, “vanhu vaisambofunga kuti ari kurevesa.”

Kuchinja kwakadaro kuri kuitikawo mune dzimwe chechi. Mushumo wakabudiswa nedare rinoona nezvedzidziso reChechi yeEngland waiti: “Hero hakusi kurwadziswa kusingaperi, asi kusarudza kokupedzisira uye kusingachinjiki kunopesana naMwari zvakakwana uye zvachose zvokuti mugumisiro wacho ndewokusavapo zvachose.”

Ketekezima yeChechi yeEpiscopal yokuUnited States inotsanangura hero so“rufu rusingagumi runobva mukuramba kwedu Mwari.” U.S.News & World Report inotaura kuti vanhu vanoramba vachiwedzera vari kutsigira pfungwa  yokuti “mugumo wevakaipa kuparadzwa, kwete kutambura kusingagumi. . . . [Vanoti] vaya vanopedzisira varamba Mwari vachangoitwa kuti vasavapo ‘nomoto unoparadza’ wehero.”

Kunyange zvazvo mazuva ano vazhinji vari kusiya pfungwa yomoto nesarufa, vazhinji vanoramba vachiomerera kudavira kuti hero inzvimbo chaiyo yokutambudzwa. “Rugwaro runotaura zvakajeka nezvehero senzvimbo chaiyo yokutambudzwa nomoto,” anodaro Albert Mohler weSouthern Baptist Theological Seminary muLouisville, Kentucky, kuU.S.A. Uye mushumo unonzi The Nature of Hell, wakagadzirwa neEvangelical Alliance Commision, unoti: “Hero kurambwa nokurwadziswa uchinyatsoziva.” Unowedzera kuti: “Kurangwa nokutambura kwomuhero kunosiyana-siyana zvichienderana noukuru hwezvivi zvawakaita panyika.”

Zvekare, hero inzvimbo ine moto yokutambudzwa here kana kuti yokuparadzwa? Kana kuti kungova akaparadzana naMwari chete here? Hero inombova chiiko?

[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 4]

Nhoroondo Pfupi Yemoto Wehero

VANOZVITI vaKristu vakawana rini dzidziso yomoto wehero? Nguva refu pashure penguva yaJesu Kristu nevadzidzi vake. “Bhuku rinonzi Apocalypse of Peter (zana remakore rechipiri C.E.) ndiro bhuku rechiKristu [risinganyatsozivikanwi akarinyora] rokutanga kurondedzera chirango nokurwadziswa kwevatadzi muhero,” inodaro Encyclopædia Universalis yokuFrance.

Zvisinei, pakati peMadzibaba eChechi okutanga, paive nokusabvumirana nezvehero. Justin Martyr, Clement weAlexandria, Tertullian, naCyprian vaidavira kuti hero inzvimbo yemoto. Origen nomufundisi Gregory weNyssa vaifunga kuti hero inzvimbo yokuparadzana naMwari—yokutambura mumudzimu. Ukuwo, Augustine weHippo aidavira kuti kutambura muhero kwaiva zvose mumudzimu nomunyama—maonero akabvumwa kuti ndeechokwadi. “Pakazosvika zana remakore rechishanu dzidziso yakasimba yokuti vatadzi havazovi nomukana wechipiri pashure poupenyu huno uye kuti moto uchavaparadza haufi wakadzimwa yakanga yakurumbira kwose kwose,” akanyora kudaro Purofesa J.N.D. Kelly.

Muzana remakore rechi16, vakuru vechiPurotesitendi vakadai saMartin Luther naJohn Calvin vainzwisisa kuti kurwadzisa kwomoto wehero kunofananidzira kugara wakaparadzana naMwari nokusingaperi. Zvisinei, pfungwa yehero senzvimbo yokurwadziswa yakadzokazve mumazana maviri emakore akatevera. Muparidzi wechiPurotesitendi Jonathan Edwards aiwanzotyisidzira Vapambevhu vokuAmerica vomuzana remakore rechi18 nemifananidzo yake yakajeka yehero.

Zvisinei, nguva pfupi pashure paizvozvo, marimi ehero akatanga kudzima. “Zana remakore rechi20 rakada kuva rokuparara kwehero,” inodaro U.S.News & World Report.

[Mifananidzo]

Justin Martyr aidavira kuti hero yaiva nzvimbo yomoto

Augustine weHippo akadzidzisa kuti kutambura muhero kwakanga kuri mumudzimu nomunyama